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CpG Island Hypermethylation and Lung Cancer Invasion and Metastasis

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DNA Methylation, Epigenetics and Metastasis

Part of the book series: Cancer Metastasis — Biology and Treatment ((CMBT,volume 7))

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Abstract

Invasion and metastasis are biological hallmarks of malignant tumors, and metastases are the major cause of cancer deaths. Invasion and destruction of BM is the earliest step in the multi-step process of metastases and it is the earliest morphological feature of invasive tumors. Disruption of organization or integrity of the basement membrane (BM) is a key histologic marker of the transition of a tumor from an in situ carcinoma to an invasive carcinoma. A fundamental and important question is what causes in situ cancers to become invasive even though cancer cells at the preinvasive and invasive stages are morphologically similar. One of the well-established mechanisms for invading and destroying BMs is by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are up regulated during invasion and metastasis. Developing molecular markers that mark the transition of in situ cancers to invasive cancer are very important because they may predict cancer for those who are at highest risk or those with early invasive cancers. It is logical to presume that disruption of all the homotypic and heterotypic cell adhesion junctions occurs in invasive cells, and that the loss of the involved protein components as well as loss of substances that inhibit tissue invasion may mark the transition from in situ to invasive cancers. This chapter reviews the different cell adhesion junctions and candidate invasion genes, which are inactivated by aberrant promoter methylation and their potential use as molecular markers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, USA

    Ubaradka G. Sathyanarayana & Adi F. Gazdar

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  1. Ubaradka G. Sathyanarayana
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  2. Adi F. Gazdar
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  1. Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain

    Manel Esteller

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Sathyanarayana, U.G., Gazdar, A.F. (2005). CpG Island Hypermethylation and Lung Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. In: Esteller, M. (eds) DNA Methylation, Epigenetics and Metastasis. Cancer Metastasis — Biology and Treatment, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3642-6_3

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