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Polymorphism of Sexual and Somatic Embryos as Manifestation of Their Developmental Parallelism under Natural Conditions and in Tissue Culture

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Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Markers

Abstract

The new approach and strategy of investigation have permitted to reveal the existence of somatic embryo not only in vitro, but also in natural conditions.

Plant organism is able to form somatic embryos at all stages of its development and on different organs (vegetative and generative) along with sexual reproduction. This ability enlarges the plasticity and tolerance of reproductive system. The system approach also permitted to introduce the new notion-“embryoidogeny”, as a special category of asexual reproduction (vegetative) in situ, in vivo and in vitro and consider its role in the reproductive system of flowering plants [1, 2]. The embryoidogeny includes the following forms: ovular (nucellar and integumental), embryonic (monozygotic-cleavage) and homophasic vivipary (foliar, cauligenic and rhizogenic). It is somatic embryo that is the elementary structural unit of all these reproductive forms.

The development of sexual and somatic embryos proceeds in parallels manifesting their great polymorphism. The only difference between them is the origin: zygotic embryo of heterophasic reproduction, embryoid of homophasic one. Various transitional forms from embryo, embryoid to bud can be revealed.

There are sexual embryos, embryoids and buds that appear as three elementary structural units of reproduction and propagation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Embryology and Reproductive Biology, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, Prof. Popov str., 2, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Tatyana B. Batygina

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  1. Tatyana B. Batygina
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science, Centre for Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India

    P.S. Srivastava  & Alka Narula  & 

  2. Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India

    Sheela Srivastava

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Batygina, T.B. (2004). Polymorphism of Sexual and Somatic Embryos as Manifestation of Their Developmental Parallelism under Natural Conditions and in Tissue Culture. In: Srivastava, P., Narula, A., Srivastava, S. (eds) Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Markers. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3213-7_4

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