Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alkner BA, Tesch PA (2004) Knee extensor and plantar flexor muscle size and function in response to 90 d bed rest with or without resistance exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 93: 294
Allison N, Brooks B (1921) An experimental study of the changes in bone which result from non-use. Surg Gynec Obstet 33: 250-260
Ammann P, Bourrin S, Bonjour JP et al. (2000) Protein undernutrition-induced bone loss is associated with decreased IGF-I levels and estrogen deficiency. J Bone Miner Res 15: 683-690
Ammann P, Laib A, Bonjour JP et al. (2002) Dietary essential amino acid supplements increase bone strength by influencing bone mass and bone microarchitecture in ovariectomized adult rats fed an isocaloric low-protein diet. J Bone Miner Res 17: 1264-1272
Amtmann EO (1973) Changes in functional construction of bone in rats under conditions of simulated increased gravity. Z Anat Entwickl-Gesch 139: 307-318
Bacabac RG, Smit TH, Mullender MG et al. (2004) Nitric oxide production by bone cells is fluid shear stress rate dependent. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 315: 823
Baron JA, Karagas M, Barrett J et al. (1996) Basic epidemiology of fractures of the upper and lower limb among Americans over 65 years of age. Epidemiology 7: 612
Bass S, Pearce G, Bradney M et al. (1998) Exercise before puberty may confer residual benefits in bone density in adulthood: studies in active prepubertal and retired female gymnasts. J Bone Miner Res 13: 500
Bass S, Pearce G, Young N et al. (1994) Bone mass during growth: the effects of exercise. Exercise and mineral accrual. Acta Univ Carol (Praha) 40: 3
Bass SL, Saxon L, Daly RM et al. (2002) The effect of mechanical loading on the size and shape of bone in pre-, peri-, and postpubertal girls: a study in tennis players. J Bone Miner Res 17: 2274
Bergula AP, Huang W, Frangos JA (1999) Femoral vein ligation increases bone mass in the hindlimb suspended rat. Bone 24: 171
Biering-Sorensen F, Bohr HH, Schaadt OP (1990) Longitudinal study of bone mineral content in the lumbar spine, the forearm and the lower extremities after spinal cord injury. Eur J Clin Invest 20: 330
Biewener AA (1983) Allometry of quadrupedal locomotion: the scaling of duty factor, bone curvature and limb orientation to body size. J Exp Biol 105: 147
Biewener AA (1990) Biomechanics of mammalian terrestrial locomotion. Science 250: 1097
Biewener AA, Thomason J, Goodship A et al. (1983) Bone stress in the horse forelimb during locomotion at different gaits: a comparison of two experimental methods. J Biomech 16: 565
Boland RL, Feldman D, Pike JW et al. (2005) Vitamin D and muscle. In: Vitamin D. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, pp 883
Bourrin S, Ammann P, Bonjour JP et al. (2000a) Dietary protein restriction lowers plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), impairs cortical bone formation, and induces osteoblastic resistance to IGF-I in adult female rats. Endocrinology 141: 3149-3155
Bourrin S, Toromanoff A, Ammann P et al. (2000b) Dietary protein deficiency induces osteoporosis in aged male rats. J Bone Miner Res 15: 1555-1563
Boyde A (1972) Scanning electron microscope studies of bone. In: The Biochemistry and Physiology of Bone. Bourne GH (ed) Academic Press, New York, pp 259-310
Braun MJ, Meta MD, Schneider P et al. (1998) Clinical evaluation of a high-resolution new peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT) scanner for the bone densitometry at the lower limbs. Phys Med Biol 43: 2279
Burr DB, Milgrom C, Fyhrie D et al. (1996) In vivo measurement of human tibial strains during vigorous activity. Bone 18: 405
Carey E (1929) Studies in the dynamics of histogenesis. Radiology 3: 127-168
Chenu C (2004) Role of innervation in the control of bone remodeling. J Musculo-skelet Neuronal Interact 4: 132-134
Cooper PR, Milgram JW, Robinson RA (1966) Morphology of the osteon: an electron microscopic study. J Bone Joint Surgery 48: 1239-1271
Cotton JR, Winwood K, Zioupos P et al. (2005) Damage rate is a predictor of fatigue life and creep strain rate in tensile fatigue of human cortical bone samples. J Biomech Eng 127: 213
Cummings SR (2002) How drugs decrease fracture risk: lessons from trials. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2: 198-200
Currey JD (1984) Effects of differences in mineralization on the mechanical properties of bone. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 304: 509
Currey JD (2002) Bones: Structure and Mechanics. Princeton University Press, Princeton
Currey JD (2003) The many adaptations of bone. J Biomechanics 36: 1487
Diab T, Condon KW, Burr DB et al. (2006) Age-related change in the damage morphology of human cortical bone and its role in bone fragility. Bone 38: 427
Dickerman RD, Pertusi R, Smith GH (2000) The upper range of lumbar spine bone mineral density? An examination of the current world record holder in the squat lift. Int J Sports Med 21: 469
Doden E, Oyama J, Amtmann E (1978) Effect of chronic centrifugation on bone density in the dog. Anat Embryol 153: 321-329
Ebbesen EN, Thomsen JS, Beck-Nielsen H et al. (1998) Vertebral bone density evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography in vitro. Bone 23: 283
Ebbesen EN, Thomsen JS, Beck-Nielsen H et al. (1999) Lumbar vertebral body compressive strength evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomography, and ashing. Bone 25: 713
Ebbesen EN, Thomsen JS, Mosekilde L (1997) Nondestructive determination of iliac crest cancellous bone strength by pQCT. Bone 21: 535
Epker BN, Frost HM (1966a) Biomechanical control of bone growth and development: a histologic and tetracycline study. J Dent Res 45: 364
Epker BN, Frost HM (1966b) Periosteal appositional bone growth from age two to age seventy in man. A tetracycline evaluation. Anat Rec 154: 573
Eriksen EF, Axelrod DW, Melsen F (1994) Bone histology and bone histo-morphometry. In: Bone Histomorphometry. Eriksen EF, Melsen F (eds) Raven Press, New York, pp 13-20
Eser P, Frotzler A, Zehnder Y et al. (2005) Assessment of anthropometric, systemic, and lifestyle factors influencing bone status in the legs of spinal cord injured individuals. Osteoporos Int 16: 26
Feller DD, Neville ED (1965) Conversion of acetate to lipids and CO2 by liver of rats exposed to acceleration stress. Am J Physiol 208: 892-895
Ferretti JL, Capozza RF, Cointry GR et al. (2000) Densitometric and tomographic analyses of musculoskeletal interactions in humans. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 1: 31-34
Ferretti JL, Capozza RF, Cointry GR et al. (1998) Bone mass is higher in women than in men per unit of muscle mass but bone mechanostat would compensate for the difference in the species. Bone 23: S471
Ferretti JL, Capozza RF, Zanchetta JR (1996) Mechanical validation of a tomographic (pQCT) index for noninvasive estimation of rat femur bending strength. Bone 18: 97
Frost HM (1960) Presence of microscopic cracks ’in vivo’ in bone. Henry Ford Hospital Medical Bulletin 8: 25
Frost HM (1987a) Bone "mass" and the "mechanostat": a proposal. Anat Rec 219: 1
Frost HM (1987b) The mechanostat: a proposed pathogenic mechanism of osteo-poroses and the bone mass effects of mechanical and nonmechanical agents. Bone Miner 2: 73
Frost HM (1990a) Skeletal structural adaptations to mechanical usage (SATMU): 1. Redefining Wolff’s law: the bone modeling problem. Anat Rec 226: 403
Frost HM (1990b) Skeletal structural adaptations to mechanical usage (SATMU): 2. Redefining Wolff’s law: the remodeling problem. Anat Rec 226: 414
Frost HM (1998a) On rho, a marrow mediator, and estrogen: Their roles in bone strength and ’mass’ in human females, osteopenias, and osteoporoses - insights from a new paradigm. J Bone Mineral Metabolism 16: 113
Frost HM (1998b) Osteoporoses: New Concepts and Some Implications for Future Diagnosis, Treatment and Research (based on insights from the Utah paradigm). Ernst Schering Research Foundation, Berlin
Frost HM (2003) Bone’s mechanostat: A 2003 update. The Anatomical Record Part A 275A: 1081
Frost HM (2004) The Utah Paradigm of Skeletal Physiology. ISMNI, Athens.
Galilei G (1638) Discorsi e dimonstrazioni matematiche, intorno a due nuove scienze attentanti alla meccanica ed a movimenti locali. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison
Gazenko OG, Prokhonchukov AA, Panikarovskii VV et al. (1977) [State of the microscopic and crystalline structures, the microhardness and mineral saturation of human bone tissue after prolonged space flight]. Kosm Biol Aviakosm Med 11: 11-20
Gray RJK (1974) Compressive fatigue behavior of bovine compact bone. J Biomech 7: 292
Grimston SK, Screen J, Haskell JH et al. (2006) Role of connexin43 in osteoblast response to physical load. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1068: 214-224
Gullberg B, Johnell O, Kanis JA (1997) World-wide projections for hip fracture. Osteoporos Int 7: 407
Hartman W, Schamhardt HC, Lammertink JL et al. (1984) Bone strain in the equine tibia: an in vivo strain gauge analysis. Am J Vet Res 45: 880-884
Havers C (1691) Osteologia Nova. Samuel Smith, London
Hawkins SA, Wiswell RA, Jaque SV et al. (1999) The inability of hormone replacement therapy or chronic running to maintain bone mass in master athletes. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 54: M451
Heaney RP (2003) How does bone support calium homeostasis. Bone 33: 264
Heinonen A, Oja P, Sievanen H et al. (1998) Effect of two training regimens on bone mineral density in healthy perimenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res 13: 483
Huiskes R, Ruimerman R, van Lenthe GH et al. (2000) Effects of mechanical forces on maintenance and adaptation of form in trabecular bone. Nature 405: 704
Iwase S, Takada H, Watanabe Y et al. (2004) Effect of centrifuge-induced artificial gravity and ergometric exercise on cardiovascular deconditioning, myatrophy, and osteoporosis induced by a -6 degrees head-down bedrest. J Gravit Physiol 11: 243-244
Jaekel E, Amtmann E, Oyama J (1977) Effect of chronic centrifugation on bone density of the rat. Anat Embryol 155: 223-232
Jankovich JP (1971) Structural development of bonein the rat under earth gravity, simulated weightlessness, hypergravity and mechanical vibration. In: NASA Contractor Report 1823. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia
Jee WS, Wronski TJ, Morey ER et al. (1983) Effects of spaceflight on trabecular bone in rats. Am J Physiol 244: R310
Jett S, Ramser JR, Frost HM et al. (1966) Bone turnover and osteogenesis imperfecta. Arch Pathol 81: 112
Kalkwarf HJ, Specker BL (1995) Bone mineral loss during lactation and recovery after weaning. Obstet Gynecol 86: 26
Kalkwarf HJ, Specker BL, Heubi JE et al. (1996) Intestinal calcium absorption of women during lactation and after weaning. Am J Clin Nutr 63: 526
Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A et al. (2001) Ten year probabilities of osteoporotic fractures according to BMD and diagnostic thresholds. Osteoporos Int 12: 989
Kannus P, Haapasalo H, Sievanen H et al. (1994) The site-specific effects of long-term unilateral activity on bone mineral density and content. Bone 15: 279
Kaplan FS, Fiori J, LS DLP et al. (2006) Dysregulation of the BMP-4 signaling pathway in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1068: 54-65
Kontulainen S, Kannus P, Haapasalo H et al. (1999) Changes in bone mineral content with decreased training in competitive young adult tennis players and controls: a prospective 4-yr follow-up. Med Sci Sports Exerc 31: 646
LeBlanc AD, Schneider VS, Evans HJ et al. (1990) Bone mineral loss and recovery after 17 weeks of bed rest. J Bone Miner Res 5: 843
Li J, Miller MA, Hutchins GD, Burr DB (2005) Imaging bone microdamage in vivo with positron emission tomography. Bone 37: 819
Liberman UA, Weiss SR, Broll J et al. (1995) Effect of oral alendronate on bone mineral density and the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal osteo-porosis. The Alendronate Phase III Osteoporosis Treatment Study Group. N Engl J Med 333: 1437
Liu D, Wagner HD, Weiner S (2000) Bending and fracture of compact circumferential and osteonal lamellar bone of the baboon tibia. J Mater Sci Mater Med 11: 49-60
Liu D, Weiner S, Wagner HD (1999) Anisotropic mechanical properties of lamellar bone using miniature cantilever bending specimens. J Biomech 32: 647-654
Lockwood DR, Vogel JM, Schneider VS et al. (1975) Effect of the diphosphonate EHDP on bone mineral metabolism during prolonged bed rest. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 41: 533
Mack PB, LaChange PA, Vose GP et al. (1967) Bone demineralization of foot and hand of Gemini-Titan IV, V and VII astronauts during orbital space flight. Amer J Roentgenology, Radium Therapy, and Nucl Med 100: 503-511
Maddalozzo GF, Snow CM (2000) High intensity resistance training: effects on bone in older men and women. Calcif Tissue Int 66: 399
Marenzana M, Shipley AM, Squitiero P et al. (2005) Bone as an ion exchange organ: evidence for instantaneous cell-dependent calcium efflux from bone not due to resorption. Bone 37: 545
Martin DE, Severns AE, Kabo JM (2004) Determination of mechanical stiffness of bone by pQCT measurements: correlation with non-destructive mechanical four-point bending test data. J Biomech 37: 1289
Martin RB, Burr DB, Sharkey NA (1998) Skeletal Tissue Mechanics. Springer-Verlag, New York
McMahon TA (1975) Using body size to understand the structural design of animals: quadrupedal locomotion. J Appl Physiol 39: 619
Mekraldi S, Toromanoff A, Rizzoli R et al. (2005) Pamidronate prevents bone loss and decreased bone strength in adult female and male rats fed an isocaloric low-protein diet. J Bone Miner Res 20: 1365-1371
Milliken LA, Going SB, Houtkooper LB et al. (2003) Effects of exercise training on bone remodeling, insulin-like growth factors, and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy. Calcif Tissue Int 72: 478
Mori S, Burr DB (1993) Increased intracortical remodeling following fatigue damage. Bone 14: 103
Mullender MG, Huiskes R, Versleyen H et al. (1996) Osteocyte density and histomorphometric parameters in cancellous bone of the proximal femur in five mammalian species. J Orthop Res 14: 972-979
Neer RM, Arnaud CD, Zanchetta JR et al. (2001) Effect of parathyroid hormone (1-34) on fractures and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 344: 1434
Nikander R, Sievanen H, Uusi-Rasi K et al. (2006) Loading modalities and bone structures at nonweight-bearing upper extremity and weight-bearing lower extremity: A pQCT study of adult female athletes. Bone, in press
Oganov VS, Grigor’ev AI, Voronin LI et al. (1992) [Bone mineral density in cosmonauts after flights lasting 4.5-6 months on the Mir orbital station]. Aviakosm Ekolog Med 26: 20
Owan I, Burr DB, Turner CH et al. (1997) Mechanotransduction in bone: osteoblasts are more responsive to fluid forces than mechanical strain. Am J Physiol 273: C810
Oyama J (1975) Response and adaptation of beagle dogs to hypergravity. Life Sci and Space Res 13: 10-17
Oyama J, Platt WY (1965) Effects of prolonged centrifugation on growth and organ development of rats. Am J Physiol 209: 611-615
Oyama J, Zeitman B (1967) Tissue composition of rats exposed to chronic centri-fugation. Am J Physiol 213: 1305-1310
Özkaya N, Nordin M (1998) Fundamentals of Biomechanics. Springer, New York.
Parfitt AM (2003) Misconceptions (3): calcium leaves bone only by resorption and enters only by formation. Bone 33: 259
Parfitt AM, Drezner MK, Glorieux FH et al. (1987) Bone histomorphometry: standardization of nomenclature, symbols, and units. Report of the ASBMR Histomorphometry Nomenclature Committee. J Bone Miner Res 2: 595
Parfitt AM, Mundy GR, Roodman GD et al. (1996) A new model for the regulation of bone resorption, with particular reference to the effects of bisphosphonates. J Bone Miner Res 11: 150
Prokhonchukov AA, Leont’ev VK, Zhizhina NA et al. (1980) State of the protein fraction of human bone tissue following space flight. Kosm Biol Aviakosm Med 14: 14-18
Prokhonchukov AA, Zaitsev VP, Shakhunov BA et al. (1978) Effect of space flight on the concentration of sodium, copper, manganese and magnesium in the bones of the skeleton. Patol Fiziol Eksp Ter 65-70
Qiu S, Rao DS, Palnitkar S et al. (2002) Age and distance from the surface but not menopause reduce osteocyte density in human cancellous bone. Bone 31: 313-318
Rambaut PC, Smith MC, Mack PB et al. (1975) Skeletal Response. In: Biomedical Results of Apollo. Johnston RS, Dietlein LF, Berry CA (eds) NASA Washington DC, pp 303-322
Rauch F (2006) Material matters: a mechanostat-based perspective on bone development in osteogenesis imperfecta and hypophosphatemic rickets. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 6: 142-146
Reeve J (1996) PTH: a future role in the management of osteoporosis? J Bone Miner Res 11: 440-445
Reeve J, Meunier PJ, Parsons JA et al. (1980) Anabolic effect of human parathyroid hormone fragment on trabecular bone in involutional osteoporosis: a multicentre trial. Br Med J 280: 1340-1344
Rhodes EC, Martin AD, Taunton JE et al. (2000) Effects of one year of resistance training on the relation between muscular strength and bone density in elderly women. Br J Sports Med 34: 18
Riggins RS, Chacko KA (1977) The effect of increased gravitational stress on bone. Life Sci Space Res 15: 263-265
Rittweger J, Beller G, Ehrig J et al. (2000) Bone-muscle strength indices for the human lower leg. Bone 27: 319
Rittweger J, Felsenberg D (2004) Resistive vibration exercise prevents bone loss during 8 weeks of strict bed rest in healthy male subjects: Results from the Berlin BedRest (BBR) study. J Bone Miner Res 19: 1145
Rittweger J, Frost HM, Schiessl H et al. (2005) Muscle atrophy and bone loss after 90 days of bed rest and the effects of Flywheel resistive exercise and Pamidronate: Results from the LTBR study. Bone 36: 1019
Rittweger J, Gerrits K, Altenburg T et al. (2006a) Epiphyseal bone adaptation to altered loading after spinal cord injury: A study of bone and muscle strength. J Musculoskel Neuron Interact 6
Rittweger J, Winwood K, Seynnes O et al. (2006b) Bone loss fromt the human distal tibia epiphysis during 24 days of unilateral limb suspension. J Physiol, in press
Robins SP, Stewart P, Astbury C et al. (1986) Measurement of the cross linking compound, pyridinoline, in urine as an index of collagen degradation in joint disease. Ann Rheum Dis 45: 969-973
Schiessl H, Frost HM, Jee WS (1998) Estrogen and bone-muscle strength and mass relationships. Bone 22: 1
Schirrmacher K, Nonhoff D, Wiemann M et al. (1996) Effects of calcium on gap junctions between osteoblast-like cells in culture. Calcif Tissue Int 59: 259
Schonau E, Schwahn B, Rauch F (2002) The muscle-bone relationship: methods and management - perspectives in glycogen storage disease. Eur J Pediatr 161 Suppl 1: S50
Schonau E, Werhahn E, Schiedermaier U et al. (1996) Influence of muscle strength on bone strength during childhood and adolescence. Horm Res 45 Suppl 1: 63
Shackelford LC, LeBlanc AD, Driscoll TB et al. (2004) Resistance exercise as a countermeasure to disuse-induced bone loss. J Appl Physiol 97: 119
Sievanen H, Kannus P, Nieminen V et al. (1996) Estimation of various mechanical characteristics of human bones using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry: methodology and precision. Bone 18: 17S
Sievanen H, Koskue V, Rauhio A et al. (1998) Peripheral quantitative computed tomography in human long bones: evaluation of in vitro and in vivo precision. J Bone Miner Res 13: 871
Skerry TM (2006) One mechanostat or many? Modifications of the site-specific response of bone to mechanical loading by nature and nurture. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 6: 122-127
Smith AH, Kelly CF (1963) Influence of chronic acceleration upon growth and body composition. Ann NY Acad Sci 110: 410-424
Smith AH, Winget CM, Kelly CF (1959) Physiological effects of artificial alterations in in weight. Nav Res Rev 16-24
Smith MC, Rambaut PC, Vogel JM et al. (1978) Bone Mineral Measurement - Experiment M078. In: Biomedical Results from Skylab. NASA Washington DC, pp 183
Smith S (1975) Effets of long-term rotation and hypergravity on developing rat femurs. Aviat Space Environ Med 46: 248-253.
Smith S (1977) Femoral development in chronically centrifuged rats. Aviat Space Environ Med 48: 828-835
Specker B, Binkley T (2003) Randomized trial of physical activity and calcium supplementation on bone mineral content in 3- to 5-year-old children. J Bone Miner Res 18: 885
Specker B, Binkley T, Fahrenwald N (2004) Increased periosteal circumference remains present 12 months after an exercise intervention in preschool children. Bone 35: 1383
Stupakov GP, Kazeikin VS, Kozlovskii AP et al. (1984) Evaluation of the changes in the bone structures of the human axial skeleton in prolonged space flight. Kosm Biol Aviakosm Med 18: 33
Takahashi H, Epker B, Frost HM (1964) Resorption precedes formative activity. Surg Forum 15: 437
Talmage RV (2004) Perspectives on calcium homeostasis. Bone 35: 577
Thompson DA (1917) On Growth and Form. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Tilton FE, Degioanni JJC, Schneider VS (1980) Long-term follow-up of Skylab bone demineralization. Aviat Space Environ Med 51: 1209
Tsuzuku S, Ikegami Y, Yabe K (1998) Effects of high-intensity resistance training on bone mineral density in young male powerlifters. Calcif Tissue Int 63: 283
Turner CH (1999) Site-specific skeletal effects of Exercise: Importance of interstitial fluid pressure. Bone 24: 161
Umemura Y, Ishiko T, Yamauchi T et al. (1998) Five jumps per day increase bone mass and breaking force in rats. J Bone Mineral Res 12: 1480
Van Loon JJ, Bervoets DJ, Burger EH et al. (1995) Decreased mineralization and increased calcium release in isolated fetal mouse long bones under near weightlessness. J Bone Miner Res 10: 550
Verschueren SM, Roelants M, Delecluse C et al. (2004) Effect of 6-month whole body vibration training on hip density, muscle strength, and postural control in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled pilot study. J Bone Miner Res 19: 352
Vestergaard P, Krogh K, Rejnmark L et al. (1998) Fracture rates and risk factors for fractures in patients with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 36: 790
Vico L, Barou O, Laroche N et al. (1999) Effects of centrifuging at 2g on rat long bone metaphyses. Eur J Appl Physiol 80: 360-366
Vico L, Chappard D, Alexandre C et al. (1987) Effects of a 120 day period of bed-rest on bone mass and bone cell activities in man: attempts at countermeasure. Bone Miner 2: 383
Vico L, Collet P, Guignandon A et al. (2000) Effects of long-term microgravity exposure on cancellous and cortical weight-bearing bones of cosmonauts. Lancet 355: 1607
Vigliani F (1955a) Accreschimento e rinnovamento strutturale della compatta in ossa sottratte alle sollecitazioni meccaniche. Nota I. Ricerche sperimentali nel cane. Z Zellforsch 43: 59-76
Vigliani F (1955b) Accreschimento e rinnovamento strutturale della compatta in ossa sottratte alle sollecitazioni meccaniche. Nota I. Ricerche sperimentali nel cane. Z Zellforsch 43: 17-47
Vincent KR, Braith RW (2002) Resistance exercise and bone turnover in elderly men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34: 17
Watanabe Y, Ohshima H, Mizuno K et al. (2004) Intravenous pamidronate prevents femoral bone loss and renal stone formation during 90-day bed rest. J Bone Miner Res 19: 1771
Wilks DC, Winwood K, Kwiet A et al. (2006) Bone mass and strength in Master runners: interim analysis. In: XXI Paulo Symposium: Preventing Bone Fragility, Fractures, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland
Wolff J (1870) Über die innere Architectur und ihre Bedeutung für die Frage vom Knochenwachstum. Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie 50: 389
Wolff J (1899) Die Lehre von der functionellen Knochengestalt. Archiv für Pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie 155: 256
Wunder CC (1960) Altered growth of animals after continual centrifugation. Proc Iowa Acad Sci 67: 488-494
Wunder CC, Briney SR, Kral M et al. (1960) Growth of mouse femurs during continual centrifugation. Nature 188: 151-152
Yergey AL, Vieira NE, Covell DG (1987) Direct measurement of dietary fractional absorption using calcium isotopic tracers. Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom 14: 603
Zanchetta JR, Plotkin H, Alvarez Filgueira ML (1995) Bone mass in children: normative values for the 2-20-year-old population. Bone 16: 393S-399S
Ziambaras K, Lecanda F, Steinberg TH et al. (1998) Cyclic stretch enhances gap junctional communication between osteoblastic cells. J Bone Miner Res 13: 218
Zioupos P, Currey JD (1998) Changes in the stiffness, strength, and toughness of human cortical bone with age. Bone 22: 57-66
Zioupos P, X TW, Currey JD (1996) The accumulation of fatigue microdamage in human cortical bone of two different ages in vitro. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 11: 365-375
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rittweger, J. (2007). Phyysiological Targets of Artificial Gravity: Adaptive Processes in Bone. In: Clément, G., Bukley, A. (eds) Artificial Gravity. The Space Technology Library, vol 20. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-70714-X_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-70714-X_7
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-70712-9
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-70714-3
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)