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Tight Junctions and the Regulation of Epithelial Cell Proliferation and Gene Expression

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Tight Junctions

Abstract

Cell interactions with the extracellular matrix and neighboring cells regulate epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Tight Junctions are the most apical cell-cell junctions of epithelial cells and evidence indicates that they participate in the suppression of cell proliferation and stimulation of differentiation. Some tight junction components are expressed at increased levels in differentiated versus proliferating cells; and their down-regulation has been linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition as well as cancer. Other tight junction proteins are also found in the nucleus of proliferating cells and have been linked to the regulation of cell proliferation, transcription and RNA processing. Therefore, it seems that the accumulation of proteins at forming tight junctions is related to signaling pathways that control cell growth arrest and differentiation. We propose a model in which the assembly state of tight junctions is used as a sensor for cell proliferation and density. When cell density increases, the expression levels of tight junction proteins that are inhibitors of proliferation increase and they become stabilized at the forming junctions, resulting in the suppression of proliferation promoting signaling pathways. Furthermore, the tight junction signaling pathways in connection with signals from other cell-cell and extracellular matrix interactions ensure that epithelial cells stop to proliferate and begin to differentiate.

E. Kavanagh and A. Tsapara contributed equality to this chapter.

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  1. Division of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK

    Emma Kavanagh, Anna Tsapara, Karl Matter & Maria S. Balda

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  1. Emma Kavanagh
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  2. Anna Tsapara
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  4. Maria S. Balda
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Kavanagh, E., Tsapara, A., Matter, K., Balda, M.S. (2006). Tight Junctions and the Regulation of Epithelial Cell Proliferation and Gene Expression. In: Tight Junctions. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-36673-3_8

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