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Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels pp 48–60Cite as

Biochemical Studies of Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels

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Part of the book series: Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit ((MBIU))

Abstract

Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels mediate Ca2+ entry into cells in response to membrane depolarization. Electrophysiological studies reveal different Ca2+ currents designated L-, N-, P-, Q-, R-, and T-type. The high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channels that have been characterized biochemically are complexes of a pore-forming α1 subunit of about 190 to 250 kDa, a transmembrane, disulfide-linked complex of α2 and δ subunits, an intracellular β subunit, and in some cases a transmembrane γ subunit. The α1 subunits form the transmembrane pore. The α2 and δ subunits are glycoproteins encoded by the same gene and produced posttranslational proteolytic processing. The γ subunits are transmembrane glycoproteins, whereas the β subunits are hydrophilic subunits located on the cytosolic face of the channel. The Cav1 family of α1 subunits conduct L-type Ca2+ currents, which initiate muscle contraction, endocrine secretion, and gene transcription. The Cav2 family of α1 subunits conduct N-type, P/Q-type, and R-type Ca2+ currents, which initiate rapid synaptic transmission. Both of these families of Ca2+ channels are regulated by protein phosphorylation and interact with intracellular signal transduction proteins that mediate Ca2+ -dependent regulatory events and in turn regulate the channels.

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  1. Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

    William A. Catterall

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Catterall, W.A. (2005). Biochemical Studies of Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels. In: Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels. Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27526-6_4

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