Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Bench to Bedside pp 291–304Cite as

Clinical features and complications of Crohn’s disease

  • Chapter

  • 1314 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   159.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Farmer RG, Hawk WA, Turnbull RB. Clinical patterns in Crohn’s disease. A statistical study of 615 cases. Gastroenterology 1975; 70: 369–70.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Farmer RG, Whelan G, Fazio VW. Long-term follow-up of patients with Crohn’s disease: relationships between the clinical pattern and prognosis. Gastroenterology 1985; 88:1818–25.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Greenstein AJ, Lachman P, Sachar DB et al. Perforating and non-perforating indications for repeated operations in Crohn’s disease: evidence of two clinical forms. Gut 1988; 29: 588–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Sachar DB, Andrews HA, Farmer RG et al. Proposed classification of patients subgroups in Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterol Intl 1992; 5: 141–54.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Gasche C, Scholmerich J, Brynskov J et al. A simple classification of Crohn’s disease: report of the working party for the world congresses of gastroenterology, Vienna 1998. Inflam Bowel Dis 2000; 6: 8–15.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Panaccione R, Sandborn WJ, Loftus EVL. Phenotype classification of Crohn’s disease patients in Olmsted County, Minnesota: application of the Vienna Classification. Gastroenterology 1999; 116: G3515.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Lautenbach E, Berlin JA, Lichtenstein GR. Risk factors for early postoperative recurrence of Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 1998; 115: 259–67.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Vasiliauskas EA, Plevy SE, Landers CJ et al. Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in patients with Crohn’s disease define a clinical subgroup. Gastroenterology 1996; 110: 1810–19.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Satsangi J, Landers CJ, Welsh KI et al. The presence of antineutrophil antibodies reflects clinical and genetic heterogeneity within inflammatory bowel disease. Inflam Bowel Dis 1998; 4: 18–26.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Sutton CL, Yang H, Li Z, Rotter JI, Targan SR, Braun J. Familial expression of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan antibodies in affected and unaffected relatives of patients with Crohn’s disease [See comments]. Gut 2000; 46:58–63.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Vasiliauskas EA, Kam LY, Karp LC, Gaiennie J, Yang H, Targan SR. Marker antibody expression stratifies Crohn’s disease into immunologically homogeneous subgroups with distinct clinical characteristics. Gut 2000; 47: 487–96.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Mekhjian HS, Switz DM, Melnyk CS, Rankin GB, Brooks RK. Clinical features and natural history of Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 1979; 77: 898–906.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Steinhardt HJ, Loeschke K, Kasper H, Holtermuller KH, Schafer H. European cooperative Crohn’s disease study (ECCDS): clinical features and natural history. Digestion 1985; 31: 97–108.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Rankin GB, Watts D, Melnyk CS et al. National Cooperative Crohn’s Disease Study: Extraintestinal manifestations and perianal complications. Gastroenterology 1979; 77:914–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Knockaert DC, Vanneste LJ, Vanneste SB et al. Fever of unknown origin in the1980s: an update of the diagnostic spectrum. Arch Int Med. 1992; 152: 51–5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Lapidus A, Bernell O, Hellers G, Lofberg R. Clinical course of colorectal Crohn’s disease: a 35-year follow-up study of 507 patients. Gastroenterology 1998; 114: 1151–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hughes LE. Clinical classification of perianal Crohn’s disease. Dis Colon Rectum 1992; 35: 928–32.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Buchmann P, Keighley MRB, Allan RN, Thompson H, Alexander-Williams J. Natural history of perianal Crohn’s disease. Am J Surg 1980; 140: 642–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Present DH, Korelitz BI, Wisch N, Glass JL, Sachar DB, Pasternack BS. Treatment of Crohn’s disease with 6-mercaptopurine. A long-term, randomized, double-blind study. N Engl J Med 1980; 302: 981–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Present DH, Rutgeerts P, Targan S et al. Infliximab for the treatment of fistulas in patients with Crohn’s disease. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 1398–405.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Fleshner PR, Schoetz DJ, Roberts PL, Murray JJ, Coller JA, Veidenheimer MC. Anal fissure in Crohn’s disease: a plea for aggressive management. Dis Colon Rectum 1995; 38: 1137–43.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Wolff BG. Crohn’s disease: the role of surgical treatment. Mayo Clin Proc 1986; 61: 292–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Faucheron J, Saint-Marc O, Guibert L et al. Long-term seton drainage for high anal fistulas in Crohn’s disease: a sphincter saving operation? Dis Colon Rectum 1996; 39: 208–11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Fielding JF, Toye DKM, Beton DC, Cooke WT. Crohn’s disease of the stomach and duodenum. Gut 1970; 11: 1001–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Grill BB, Lange R, Markowitz R, Hillemeier AC, McCallum RW, Gryboski JD. Delayed gastric emptying in children with Crohn’s disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 1985; 7: 216–26.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Yamamoto T, Allan RN, Keighley MR. An audit of gastroduodenal Crohn’s disease: clinicopathologic features and management. Scand J Gastroenterol 1999; 34: 1019–24.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Wagtmans AJG, Verspaget HW, Lamers CB, van Hogezand RA. Crohn’s disease in the elderly: a comparison with young adults. J Clin Gastroenterol 1998; 27: 129–33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Mashako MN, Cezard JP, Navarro J et al. Crohn’s disease lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract: correlation between clinical, radiological, endoscopic, and histological features in adolescents and children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1989; 8: 442–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Ruuska T, Vaajalahti P, Arajarvi P, Maki M. Prospective evaluation of upper gastrointestinal mucosal lesions in children with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1994; 19: 181–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. LiVolsi VA, Jaretzki A. Granulomatous esophagitis: a case of Crohn’s disease limited to the esophagus. Gastroenterology 1973; 64: 313–19.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Cary ER, Tremaine WJ, Banks PM, Nagorney DM. Isolated Crohn’s disease of the stomach. Mayo Clin Proc 1989; 64: 776–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ueyama T, Ureshino J, Motooka M, Masuda K. Isolated Crohn’s disease of the gastroduodenum: a case report. Rad Med 1993; 11: 167–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Korelitz BI, Wayne JD, Kreuning J et al. Crohn’s disease in endoscopic biopsies of the gastric antrum and duodenum. Am J Gastroenterol 1981; 76: 103–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Oberhuber G, Puspok A, Oesterreicher C et al. Focally enhanced gastritis: a frequent type of gastritis in patients with Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 1997; 112: 698–706.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Decker GA, Loftus EV, Pasha TM, Tremaine WJ, Sandborn WJ. Crohn’s disease of the esophagus: clinical features and outcomes. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94: 2582.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Geboes K, Janssensn J, Rutgeerts P, Vantrappen G. Crohn’s disease of the esophagus. J Clin Gastroenterol 1986; 8: 31–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Madden JL, Raved JM, Haddad JR. Regional esophagitis: a specific entity simulating Crohn’s disease. Ann Surg 1969; 170: 351–68.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. D’Haens G, Rutgeerts P, Geboes K, Vantrappen G. The natural history of esophageal Crohn’s disease: three patterns of evolution. Am Soc Gastrointest Endosc 1994; 40: 296–300.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Danzi JT, Farger RG, Sullivan BH, Rankin GB. Endoscopic features of gastroduodenal Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 1976; 70: 9–13.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Greenstein AJ, Present DH, Sachar DB et al. Gastric fistulas in Crohn’s disease. Dis Colon Rectum 1989; 32:888–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Jacobson IM, Schapiro RH, Warshaw AL. Gastric and duodenal fistulas in Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 1985; 89: 1347–52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Meining A, Bayerdorfler E, Bastlein E et al. Focal inflammatory infiltrations in gastric biopsy specimens are suggestive of Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s disease study group, Germany. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997; 32: 813–18.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Nugent FW, Roy MA. Duodenal Crohn’s disease: an analysis of 89 cases. Am J Gastroenterol 1989; 84: 249–54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Farmer RG, Hawk WA, Turnbull RB. Crohn’s disease of the duodenum (transmural duodenitis): clinical manifestations. Report of 11 cases. Am J Dig Dis 1972; 17: 191–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Fielding JF, Toye DK, Beton DC, Cooke WT. Crohn’s disease of the stomach and duodenum. Gut 1970; 11:1001–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. D’Inca R, Sturniolo G, Cassaro M et al. Prevalence of upper gastrointestinal lesions and Helicobacter pylori infection in Crohn’s disease. Dig Dis Sci 1998; 43: 988–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Schmitz-Moorman P, Malchow H, Pittner PM. Endoscopic and bioptic study of the upper gastrointestinal tract in Crohn’s disease patients. Pathol Res Pract 1985; 179: 377–87.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Woolfson K, Greenberg GR. Symptomatic improvement of gastroduodenal Crohn’s disease with omeprazole. Can J Gastroenterol 1992; 6: 21–4.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Griffiths AM, Alemayehu E, Sherman P. Clinical features of gastroduodenal Crohn’s disease in adolescents. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1989; 8: 166–71.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Goldberg HI, Caruthers SB, Nelson JA. Radiographic findings of the National Cooperative Crohn’s Disease Study. Gastroenterology 1979; 77: 925–37.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Lamers C. Crohn’s disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract. In: Allan, RN, Rhodes JM, Hanauer SB, eds. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 3rd edn. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1997: 583–8.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Chrispin AR, Tempany E. Crohn’s disease of the jejunum in children. Arch Dis Child 1967; 42: 631–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Kneppelhout JC, Chandie Shaw P, Pena AS et al. Jejunoileitis, a subtype of extensive and diffuse Crohn’s disease. J Clin Nutr Gastroenterol 1992; 7: 15–21.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Zalev AH, Prokipchuk EJ. Crohn’s disease of the proximal small intestine: radiologic findings in 55 patients. J Can Assoc Radiol 1992; 43: 170–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Tan WC, Allan RN. Diffuse jejunoileitis of Crohn’s disease. Gut 1993; 34: 1374–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Ricart E, Panaccione R, Loftus EV, Tremaine WJ, Sandborn WJ. Infliximab for Crohn’s disease in clinical practice at the Mayo Clinic: the first 100 patients. Gastroenterology 2000; 118: A2967.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Malchow H, Ewe K, Brandes JW et al. European Cooperative Crohn’s Disease Study (ECCDS): results of drug treatment. Gastroenterology 1984; 86: 249–66.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Sanderson IR, Udeen S, Davies PS, Savage MO, Walker-Smith JA. Remission induced by an elemental diet in small bowel Crohn’s disease. Arch Dis Child 1987; 62: 123–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Greenstein AJ, Janowitz HD, Sachar DB. The extraintestinal complications of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis: a study of 700 patients. Medicine 1976; 55: 401–12.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Plauth M, Jenss H, Meyle J. Oral manifestations of Crohn’s disease. An analysis of 79 cases. J Clin Gastroenterol 1991; 13:29–37.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Diamond T, Patterson PG, Emerson TG. Oral Crohn’s disease: the distinction from the Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. Ulster Med J 1990; 59: 223–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Tremaine WJ. Treatment of erythema nodosum, aphthous stomatitis, and pyoderma gangrenosum in patients with IBD. Inflam Bowel Dis 1998; 4: 68–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Loftus EV, Silverstein MD, Sandborn WJ, Tremaine WJ, Harmsen WS, Zinsmeister AR. Crohn’s disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1940–1993: incidence, prevalence, and survival. Gastroenterology 1998; 114: 1161–8. Gastroenterology 1999; 116: 1507.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Grimm IS, Friedman LS. Inflammatory bowel disease in the elderly. Gastroenterol Clin N Am 1990; 19: 361–89.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Akerkar GA, Peppercorn MA. Inflammatory bowel disease in the elderly. Practical treatment guidelines. Drugs Aging 1997; 10: 199–208.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Corrigan G, Stevens PE. Review article: Interstitial nephritis associated with the use of mesalazine in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Therap 2000; 14: 1–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Norri B, Solomon MJ, Eyers AA, West RH, Glenn DC, Morgan BP. Abdominal surgery in the older Crohn’s population. Austr NZ J Surg 1999; 69: 199–204.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Truelove AC, Pena AS. Course and prognosis of Crohn’s disease. Gut 1976; 17: 192–201.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Spencer MP, Nelson H, Wolff BGF, Dozois RR. Stricturoplasty for obstructive Crohn’s disease: the Mayo experience. Mayo Clin Proc 1994; 69: 33–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Chernish SM, Maglinte DD, O’Connor K. Evaluation of the small intestine by enteroclysis for Crohn’s disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1992; 87: 696–701.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Kohn A, Cerro P, Milite G, De Angelis E, Prantera C. Prospective evaluation of transabdominal bowel sonography in the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction in Crohn’s disease: comparison with plain abdominal film and small bowel enteroclysis. Inflam Bowel Dis 1999; 5: 153–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Kolkman JJ, Falke TH, Roos JC et al. Computed tomography and granulocyte scintigraphy in active inflammatory bowel disease. Comparison with endoscopy and operative findings. Dig Dig Sci 1996; 41: 641–50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Young-Fadok TM, Wolff BG, Meagher A, Benn PL, Dozois RR. Surgical management of ileosigmoid fistulas in Crohn’s disease. Dis Colon Rectum 1997; 40: 558–61.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Michelassi F, Stella M, Balestracci T, Giuliante F, Marogna P, Block GE. Incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of enteric and colorectal fistuale in patients with Crohn’s disease. Ann Surg 1993; 218: 660–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Korelitz BI, Present DH. Favorable effect of 6-mercaptopurine in fistulas of Crohn’s disease. Dig Dis Sci 1985; 30:58–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Korelitz BI, O’Brien JJ, Bayless TM, Bayless JA. Use of azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine in the treatment of Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 1991; 101: 39–46.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Wheeler SC, Marion JF, Present. Medical therapy, not surgery, is the appropriate first line of treatment for Crohn’s enterovesical fistula. Gastroenterology 1998; 114: A1113.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Mahadevan U, Marion J, Present DH. The place of methotrexate in the treatment of refractory Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 1997; 112: A1031.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Hanauer SB, Smith MD. Rapid closure of Crohn’s disease fistula with continuous intravenous cyclosporine. Am J Gastroenterol 1993; 88: 646–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Jawhari A, Kamm MA, Ong C, Forbes A, Bartram CI, Hawley PR. Intra-abdominal and pelvic abscess in Crohn’s disease: results of non-invasive and surgical management. Br J Surg 1998; 85: 367–71.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Makowiec F, Jehle EC, Becker HD, Starlinger M. Perianal abscess in Crohn’s disease. Dis Colon Rectum 1997; 40: 443–50.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Harper PH, Kettlewell MG, Lee EC. The effect of split ileostomy on perianal Crohn’s disease. Br J Surg 1982; 69: 608–10.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Smith LH. The pathophysiology and medical treatment of urolithiasis. Semin Nephrol 1999; 10: 31–52.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Reisner GS, Wilansky DL, Schneiderman C. Uric acid lithiasis in the ileostomy patient. Br J Urol 1973; 45: 340–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. McLeod RS, Churchill DN. Urolithiasis complicating inflammatory bowel disease. J Urol 1992; 148: 974–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Moisey CU, Williams JL. Vesico-intestinal fistulas. Br J Urol 1972; 44: 662–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Pardi, DS, Tremaine WJ, Sandborn WJ, McCarthy JT. Renal and urologic complications of inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1998; 93: 504–14.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Tovbin D, Kachko L, Hilzenrat N. Severe intestinal nephritis in a patient with renal amyloidosis and exacerbation of Crohn’s disease. Clin Nephrol 2000; 53: 147–51.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Corrigan G, Stevens PE. Review article: Interstitial nephritis associated with the use of mesalazine in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000; 14: 1–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Jiang T, Covington JA, Haile CA et al. Fournier gangrene associated with Crohn’s disease. Mayo Clin Proc 2000; 75:647–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Sliverberg MS, Steinhart AH. Bone density in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol 2000; 2: 117–24.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Adachi JD, Rostom A. Metabolic bone disease in adults with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflam Bowel Dis 1999; 5:200–11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Bernstein CN, Seeger LL, Sayre JW et al. Decreased bone density in inflammatory bowel disease is related to corticosteroid use and not disease diagnosis. J Bone Miner Res 1995; 10: 250–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Bjarnason I, Macpherson A, Mackintosh C et al. Reduced bone density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 1997; 40: 228–33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Silvennoinen JA, Karttunen TJ, Niemela SE et al. A controlled study of bone mineral density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 1995; 37: 71–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Saito JK, Davis JW, Wasnich RD et al. Users of low dose glucocorticosteroids have increased bone loss rates: a longitudinal study. Calcif Tissue Int 1995; 57: 115–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Saag KG, Emkey R, Schnitzer TJ et al. Aldendronate for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 292–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Boutsen Y, Jamart J, Essenlinckx W et al. Primary prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis with intermittent intravenous pamidronate: a randomized trial. Calif Tissue Int 1997; 61: 266–71.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Talbot RW, Heppell J, Dozois RR, Beart RW. Vascular complications of inflammatory bowel disease. Mayo Clin Proc 1986; 61: 140–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Hudson M, Hutton RA, Wakefield AJ et al. Evidence for activation of coagulation in Crohn’s disease. Blood. Coag Fibrinol 1992; 3: 773–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Liebman HA, Kashani N, Sutherland D, McGehee W, Kam L. The factor V Leiden mutation increases the risk of venous thrombosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 1998; 115: 830–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Cattaneo M, Vecchi M, Zighetti ML et al. High prevalence of hyperchromocysteinemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a pathogenic link with thromboembolic complications? Thromb Haemostas 1998; 80: 542–5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Heijer MD, Koster T, Blom HJ et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia as a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 759–62.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Souto JC, Martinez E, Roca M et al. Prothrombotic state and signs of endothelial lesion in plasma of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis Sci 1995; 40: 1883–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Radke M, Bartolomaeus G, Muller M, Richter I. Acute pancreatitis in Crohn’s disease due to 5-ASA therapy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1993; 16: 337–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Haber CJ, Meltzer SJ, Present DH, Korelitz BI. Nature and course of pancreatitis caused by 6-mercaptopurine in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 1986; 91: 982–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Sturdevant RAL, Singleton JW, Deren JL, Law DH, McCleery JL. Azathioprine-related pancreatitis in patients with Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 1979; 77: 883–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Corey WA, Doebbeling BN, DeJong KJ, Britigan BE. Metronidazole-induced acute pancreatitis. Rev Infect Dis 1999; 13: 1213–15.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Lashner BA, Kirsner JB, Hanauer SB. Acute pancreatitis associated with high-concentration lipid emulsion during total parenteral nutrition therapy for Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 1986; 90: 1039–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Meltzer SJ, Korelitz BI. Pancreatitis and duodenopancreatic reflux in Crohn’s disease: case report and review of the literature. J Clin Gastroenterol 1988; 10: 555–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Newman LH, Wellinger JR, Present DH, Aufses AH. Crohn’s disease of the duodenum associated with pancreatitis: a case report and review of the literature. Mt Sinai J Med 1987; 54: 429–32.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Borkje B, Betvik K, Odegaard S, Schrumpf E, Larssen TB, Kolmannskog F. Chronic pancreatitis in patients with sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroen terol 1985; 20: 539–42.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Gschwantler M, Kogelbauer G, Klose W, Bibus B, Tscholakoff D, Weiss W. The pancreas as a site of granulomatous inflammation in Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: 1246–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Heikius B, Niemela S, Lehtola J, Karttunen TJ. Elevated pancreatic enzymes in inflammatory bowel disease are associated with extensive disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94: 1062–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Helzer JE, Chammas S, Norland CC et al. A study of the association between Crohn’s disease and psychiatric illness. Gastroenterology 1984; 86: 324–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. North CS, Alpers DH, Helzer JE et al. Do life events or depression exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease? A prospective study. Ann Intern Med 1991; 114: 381–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Moser G, Tillinger W, Sachs G et al. Disease-related worries and concerns: a study on out-patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Euro J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1995; 7: 853–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Andrews H, Barczak P, Allan RN. Psychiatric illness in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 1987; 28:1600–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Garrett VD, Brantley PJ, Jones GN et al. The relation between daily stress and Crohn’s disease. J Behav Med 1991; 14: 87–96.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Drossman DA, Leserman J, Mitchell CM, Li ZM, Zagami EA, Patrick DL. Health status and health care use in persons with inflammatory bowel disease. A national sample. Dig Dis Sci 1991; 36: 1746–55.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Meyers S, Janowitz HD. Natural history of Crohn’s disease. An analytic review of the placebo lesson. Gastroenterology 1984; 87: 1189–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Lochs H, Mayer M, Fleig WE. Prophylaxis of postoperative relapse in Crohn’s disease with mesalamine: European cooperative Crohn’s disease study VI. Gastroenterology 2000; 118: 264–73.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Camma C, Giunta M, Rosselli M et al. Mesalamine in the maintenance treatment of Crohn’s disease: a meta-analysis adjusted for confounding factors. Gastroenterology 1997; 113: 1465–73.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Prabhakar LP, Nelson LC, Dozois RR. Avoiding a stoma: role for segmental or abdominal colectomy in Crohn’s colitis. Dis Colon Rectum 1997; 40: 71–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Goligher JC. Surgical treatment of Crohn’s disease affecting mainly or entirely the large bowel. World J Surg 1988; 12: 186–90.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Rutgeerts P, Geboes K, Vantrappen G, Beyls J, Kerremans R, Hicle M. Predictability of the postoperative course of Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 1990; 99: 956–63.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Olaison G, Smedh K, Sjodahl R. Natural course of Crohn’s disease after ileocolonic resection: endoscopically visualized ileal ulcers preceding symptoms. Gut 1992; 33: 331–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Silverstein MD, Loftus EV, Sandborn WJ et al. Clinical course and costs of care for Crohn’s disease: Markov model analysis of a population-based cohort. Gastroenterology 1999; 117:49–57.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Ekbom A, Helmick CG, Zack M et al. Survival and causes of death in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study. Gastroenterology 1992; 103: 954–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Persson PG, Berness O, Leijonmarck CE et al. Survival and cause-specific mortality in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based cohort study. Gastroenterology 1996; 110: 1339–45.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Munkholm P, Langholz E, Davidsen M, Binder V. Disease activity courses in a regional cohort of Crohn’s disease patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 1995; 30: 699–706.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Cottone M, Maglioco A, Rosselli M et al. Mortality in patients with Crohn’s disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996;31: 372–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mayo Clinic, IBD Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    William J. Tremaine (Professor of Medicine and Director)

Authors
  1. William J. Tremaine
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cedars-Sinai IBD Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Stephan R. Targan  & Loren C. Karp  & 

  2. Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland

    Fergus Shanahan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tremaine, W.J. (2003). Clinical features and complications of Crohn’s disease. In: Targan, S.R., Shanahan, F., Karp, L.C. (eds) Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Bench to Bedside. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25808-6_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25808-6_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-25807-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-25808-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation