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Molecular Diagnosis of HIV Infection

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AIDS in Africa

Conclusion

Although in specific instances PCR may offer some advantages over serologic techniques, efforts to capacitate more laboratories to perform PCR techniques should not replace efforts to maintain laboratories that are able to perform reliable serologic diagnosis of HIV. Even though numerous laboratories in major African cities are currently executing highly sophisticated laboratory protocols, including PCR-based assays, they are too few to keep pace with the scale of the HIV epidemic on the African continent. Several physical, human, and supply requirements must be fulfilled by any laboratory setting to consistently and accurately perform PCR-based tests. If laboratory personnel have a clear understanding of the detection power of PCR, guidelines designed to avoid cross-contamination and false negatives are more likely to be closely followed. It is difficult, time consuming, and extremely expensive to solve problems caused by inappropriate handling of samples, plasmid, or amplified products.

PCR diagnosis should be used when standard serologic tests have failed to provide a definitive result of infection in at-risk neonates or in patients with illnesses that make serologic testing of any kind unreliable. Paradoxically, the extreme sensitivity that characterizes PCR has been one of the main reasons for the lack of its widespread use in clinical laboratories. The development of PCR and RT PCR user-friendly kits with improved PCR primers, the understanding of the importance of containment spaces in addition to molecular aids to minimize carryover are allowing PCR assays to continuously gain acceptance as an important tool in clinical virology laboratories. The combination of information collected using PCR technology with virologic and immunologic assays will help broaden our understanding of HIV genetic variation and its role in transmission, pathogenesis, disease progression, drug resistance, and vaccine development.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health and Harvard AIDS Institute Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Boris Renjifo

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Harvard AIDS Institute Mary Woodard Lasker Professor of Health Sciences Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Max Essex DVM, PhD (Chairman) & Richard G. Marlink MD (Senior Research and Executive Director) (Chairman) &  (Senior Research and Executive Director)

  2. Laboratory of Bacteriology and Virology CHU Le Dantec, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal

    Souleymane Mboup PharmD, PhD (Professor of Microbiology) (Professor of Microbiology)

  3. Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and the Harvard AIDS Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Phyllis J. Kanki DVM, DSc (Professor of Immunology and Infectious Diseases) & Molly Holme (Professor of Immunology and Infectious Diseases) & 

  4. Department of Nursing Education University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana

    Sheila D. Tlou PhD (Associate Professor) (Associate Professor)

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© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers

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Renjifo, B. (2002). Molecular Diagnosis of HIV Infection. In: Essex, M., Mboup, S., Kanki, P.J., Marlink, R.G., Tlou, S.D., Holme, M. (eds) AIDS in Africa. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47817-X_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47817-X_8

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