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Immunopathogenesis of AIDS

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AIDS in Africa

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Conclusion

The immunopathogenesis of AIDS is a product of host and viral genetics, immune activation, and environmental conditions. Exposed individuals either become infected or resist infection based on the interactions of these factors. Among those infected, their capacity to transmit the virus, their rate of disease progression, and their clinical prognosis also depend upon multiple factors. We have come to understand that HLA alleles and their cognate T-cell epitopes; cellular and humoral immune responses; and chemokine receptor polymorphisms and mutations each play a role in the immunopathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. The immune response within an individual and a population may select for the transmission, replication, and the relative success of certain viral subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (194). Immune responses, conditioned by HLA alleles inherited from each parent and chemokine receptor genes, exert negative and positive selection pressures on viruses for their expression of antigens and their susceptibility to various arms of the immune system. In Africa, these interactions between host and pathogen take place in individuals and populations who may be more vulnerable to infection due to nutritional deficiencies and chronic parasitic infections with concomitant immune hyperactivation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology, University of Zimbabwe Medical School, Harare, Zimbabwe

    Lynn S. Zijenah

  2. AIDS Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305-5107, USA

    David A. Katzenstein

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Harvard AIDS Institute Mary Woodard Lasker Professor of Health Sciences Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Max Essex DVM, PhD (Chairman) & Richard G. Marlink MD (Senior Research and Executive Director) (Chairman) &  (Senior Research and Executive Director)

  2. Laboratory of Bacteriology and Virology CHU Le Dantec, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal

    Souleymane Mboup PharmD, PhD (Professor of Microbiology) (Professor of Microbiology)

  3. Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases and the Harvard AIDS Institute, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Phyllis J. Kanki DVM, DSc (Professor of Immunology and Infectious Diseases) & Molly Holme (Professor of Immunology and Infectious Diseases) & 

  4. Department of Nursing Education University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana

    Sheila D. Tlou PhD (Associate Professor) (Associate Professor)

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Zijenah, L.S., Katzenstein, D.A. (2002). Immunopathogenesis of AIDS. In: Essex, M., Mboup, S., Kanki, P.J., Marlink, R.G., Tlou, S.D., Holme, M. (eds) AIDS in Africa. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47817-X_3

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