Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Advances in Nuclear Physics pp 1–205Cite as

Chiral Symmetry Restoration and Dileptons in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Advances in Nuclear Physics ((ANP,volume 25))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. See, for example, the proceedings of the recent International Conferences on Ultra-relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions: Quark Matter’ 95, Nucl. Phys. A590 (1995); Quark Matter’ 96, Nucl. Phys. A610 (1996); Quark Matter’ 97, Nucl. Phys. A638 (1998); Quark Matter’ 99, Nucl. Phys. A661 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  2. C.-Y. Wong, Introduction to High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions, World Scientific, Singapore 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  3. P. Braun-Munzinger and J. Stachel, Nucl. Phys. A638 (1998) 3c.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. J. Stachel, Proc. of the International Nuclear Physics Conference, Paris, Aug. 1998, Nucl. Phys. A654 (1999) 119.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. P. Braun-Munzinger, J. Stachel, J. Wessels and N. Xu, Phys. Lett. B365 (1996) 1.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. W. Cassing and E. L. Bratkovskaya, Phys. Rep. 308 (1999) 65.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. C. M. Ko, V. Koch and G. Q. Li, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 47 (1997) 505.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. E. L. Feinberg, Nuovo Cim. A34 (1976) 391.

    Google Scholar 

  9. E. V. Shuryak, Phys. Lett. B78 (1978) 150.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. E. V. Shuryak, Phys. Rep. 61 (1980) 71.

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. K. Kajantie, J. Kapusta, L. McLerran and A. Mekjian, Phys. Rev. D34 (1986) 2746.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. I. Tserruya, Nucl. Phys. A590 (1995) 127c.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. R. Rueckel, Phys. Lett. B64 (1976) 39.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. J. Jalilian-Marian and V. Koch, Phys. Rev. C58 (1998) 3763.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. K. Geiger, Phys. Rep. 258 (1995) 237.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. A. Drees, private communication.

    Google Scholar 

  17. T. Matsui and H. Satz, Phys. Lett. B178 (1986) 416.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. See, e.g., R. Vogt, Phys. Rep. 310 (1999) 197; D. Kharzeev, Nucl. Phys. A638 (1998) 279c; C. Y. Wong, Nucl. Phys. A610 (1996) 434c.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. L. McLerran and T. Toimela, Phys. Rev. D31 (1985) 545.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. G. Agakichiev et al., CERES collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 (1995) 1272; P. Wurm for the CERES collaboration, Nucl. Phys. A590 (1995) 103c; A. Drees and T. Ullrich, CERES Memorandum (1995), unpublished.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Th. Ullrich for the CERES/NA45 collaboration, Nucl. Phys. A610 (1996) 317c.

    Google Scholar 

  22. A. Drees, Nucl. Phys. A610 (1996) 536c.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. G. Agakichiev et al., CERES collaboration, Phys. Lett. B422 (1998) 405.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. M. Masera for the HELIOS-3 collaboration, Nucl. Phys. A590 (1995) 93c; I. Kralik for the HELIOS-3 collaboration, Proc. of the International Workshop XXIII on “Gross Properties of Nuclei and Nuclear Excitations”, Hirschegg 1995, eds. H. Feldmeier and W. Nörenberg, (GSI-Darmstadt 1995), p. 143; A. L. S. Angelis et al. (HELIOS-3 Collaboration), Eur. Phys. J. C5 (1998) 63.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. M. C. Abreu et al. (NA38 collaboration), Phys. Lett. B368 (1996) 230; ibid., 239.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. M. Gonin et al. (NA50 collaboration), Nucl. Phys. A610 (1996) 404c.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. E. Scomparin et al. (NA50 collaboration), Nucl. Phys. A610 (1996) 331c; E. Scomparin et al. (NA50 collaboration), Proc. of the International Conference on “Strangeness in Quark Matter’ 98” (Padova, Italy, 20.-24.07.98), J. Phys. G25 (1999) 235; P. Bordalo et al. (NA50 collaboration), Proc. of Quark Matter’ 99 (Torino, Italy, 10.-15.05.99), Nucl. Phys. A661 (1999) 538c.

    Google Scholar 

  28. A. de Falco et al. (NA38/NA50 collaboration), Nucl. Phys. A638 (1998) 487c; M. C. Abreu et al. (NA38/NA50 collaboration), Low mass dimuon production in proton and ion induced interactions at the SPS, preprint CERN-EP/99-112, submitted to Eur. Phys. J. C.

    Google Scholar 

  29. A. Drees, Nucl. Phys. A630 (1998) 449c.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. I. Tserruya, Nucl. Phys. A638 (1998) 365c.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. P. Wurm, Proc. of APCTP Workshop on “Hadron Properties in Medium” (World Scientific, Singapore, 1998).

    Google Scholar 

  32. T. J. Hallman and J. Thomas, Nucl. Phys. A590 (1995) 399c; D. P. Morrison et al., Nucl. Phys. A638 (1998) 565c.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. G. Roche et al. (DLS collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 (1988) 1069; C. Naudet et al. (DLS collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 62 (1989) 2652; G. Roche et al. (DLS collaboration), Phys. Lett. B226 (1989) 228; S. Beedoe et al. (DLS collaboration), Phys. Rev. C47 (1993) 2840.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. R. J. Porter et al. (DLS collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 (1997) 1229; W. K. Wilson et al. (DLS collaboration), Phys. Rev. C57 (1997) 1865.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. W. Koenig, Proc. of the Workshop on “Dilepton Production in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions”, ed. H. Bokemeyer (GSI, Darmstadt, 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  36. V. Koch and C. Song, Phys. Rev. C54 (1996) 1903.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. G. Q. Li, C. M. Ko and G. E. Brown, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 (1995) 4007; Nucl. Phys. A606 (1996) 568.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. W. Cassing, W. Ehehalt and C. M. Ko, Phys. Lett. B363 (1995) 35.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. W. Cassing, W. Ehehalt and I. Kralik, Phys. Lett. B377 (1996) 5.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. D. K. Srivastava, B. Sinha and C. Gale, Phys. Rev. C53 (1996) R567.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. R. Baier, M. Dirks and K. Redlich, Phys. Rev. D55 (1997) 4344; Proc. of the 28th Int. Conf. on High Energy Physics, Warszawa, Poland (July 1996), hep-ph/9612448.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. L. A. Winckelmann et al., Nucl. Phys. A610 (1996) 116c.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. C. M. Hung and E. V. Shuryak, Phys. Rev. C56 (1997) 453.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. J. Murray, W. Bauer and K. Haglin, Phys. Rev. C57 (1998) 882.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. G. E. Brown and M. Rho, Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 (1991) 2720.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. T. Hatsuda and S. H. Lee, Phys. Rev C46 (1992) R34.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. R. Rapp, G. Chanfray and J. Wambach, Nucl. Phys. A617 (1997) 472.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. W. Cassing, E. L. Bratkovskaya, R. Rapp and J. Wambach, Phys. Rev. C57 (1998) 916.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. R. Rapp, Proc. of the 33rd Rencontres de Moriond on “QCD and High Energy Hadronic Interactions”, Les Arcs (France), March 21–28,1998, J. Tran Thanh Van (Edt.), Editions Frontieres (Paris, France 1998) 553–558, and nucl-th/9804065.

    Google Scholar 

  50. R. Rapp and J. Wambach, Eur. Phys. J. A6 (1999) 415.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. For theoretical introductions, see, e.g., F. J. Yndurain, Quantum Chromodynamics: an Introduction to the Theory of Quarks and Gluons, Springer, Heidelberg/New York (1983); T. D. Lee, Particle Physics and Introduction to Field Theory, Harwood Academic, London (1981); F. E. Close, An Introduction to Quarks and Partons, Academic Press, New York (1979).

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  52. M. Schmelling, Proc. of the XXVIII. International Conference on “High Energy Physics”, Warsaw, July 25–31,1996, and hep-ex/9701002.

    Google Scholar 

  53. For overviews, see, e.g., B. W. Lee, Chiral Dynamics, Gordon & Breach, London (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  54. S. Weinberg, in “Lectures on Elementary Particles and Quantum Field Theory”, Vol.1

    Google Scholar 

  55. E. Deser, M. Grisaru and H. Pendleton (Eds.), MIT Press, Cambridge (Massachusetts) (1970) 283

    Google Scholar 

  56. V. de Alfaro, S. Fubini, G. Furlan and C. Rossetti, Currents in Hadronic Physics, North-Holland,Amsterdam (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  57. T. Schäfer and E. V. Shuryak, Rev. Mod. Phys. 70 (1998) 323.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. M. C. Chu, J. M. Grandy, S. Huang and J. W. Negele, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 6039; J. W. Negele, Proc. of LATTICE 98, and hep-lat/9810053.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. E. G. Drukarev and E. M. Levin, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 27 (1991) 77.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. Y. Nambu and G. Jona-Lasinio, Phys. Rev. 122 (1961) 345; ibid. Y. Nambu and G. Jona-Lasinio, Phys. Rev. 124 (1961) 246; Y. Nambu and D. Lurie, Phys. Rev. 125 (1962) 1429.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. M. Gell-Mann, R. J. Oakes and B. Renner, Phys. Rev. 175 (1968) 2195.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. M. A. Shifman, A. I. Vainshtein and V. I. Zakharov, Nucl. Phys. B147 (1979) 385.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  63. G. Chanfray, private communication.

    Google Scholar 

  64. J. Gasser, H. Leutwyler and M. E. Saino, Phys. Lett. B253 (1991) 252.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. I. Jameson, A. W. Thomas and G. Chanfray, J. Phys. G18 (1992) L159.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. M. Birse and J. McGovern, Phys. Lett. B292 (1992) 242.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. J. Gasser and H. Leutwyler, Phys. Lett. B184 (1987) 83.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. P. Gerber and H. Leutwyler, Nucl. Phys. B321 (1989) 327.

    Google Scholar 

  69. H. Leutwyler, Deconfinement and Chiral Symmetry, in “QCD 20 years later”, Vol. 2, P. M. Zervas and H. A. Kastrup (Eds.), World Scientific, Singapore, (1993) 693.

    Google Scholar 

  70. R. Brockmann and W. Weise, Phys. Lett. B267 (1996) 40.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  71. Z. Aouissat, G. Chanfray, P. Schuck and J. Wambach, Nucl. Phys. A603 (1996) 458.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  72. B.-J. Schaefer and H. Pirner, nucl-th/9903003.

    Google Scholar 

  73. J. Kapusta, Finite Temperature Field Theory, Cambridge University Press, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  74. K. G. Wilson, Phys. Rev. D10 (1974) 2445.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  75. J. Kogut and L. Susskind, Phys. Rev. D11 (1975) 395.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  76. D. Kaplan, Phys. Lett. B288 (1992) 342; Y. Shamir, Nucl. Phys. B406 (1993) 90; for a recent review, see also T. Blum, Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 73 (1999) 167.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  77. C. Bernard et al., Phys. Rev. D55 (1997) 6861.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  78. G. Boyd and D. E. Miller, hep-ph/9608482.

    Google Scholar 

  79. H. Satz, private communication (dy1999).

    Google Scholar 

  80. F. Karsch, Nucl. Phys. A590 (1995) 367c.

    Google Scholar 

  81. S. Gottlieb et al., Phys. Rev. D55 (1997) 6852.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  82. Z. Huang, Phys. Lett. B361 (1995) 131.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  83. C. Bacci et al. (γγ2 collaboration), Phys. Lett. B86 (1979) 234.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  84. B. Wiik and G. Wolf, Electron-Positron Interactions (Springer Verlag, Berlin 1979).

    Google Scholar 

  85. L. M. Barkov et al. (OLYA collaboration), Nucl. Phys. B256, 365 (1985).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  86. A. Cordier et al. (DM1 collaboration), Nucl. Phys. B172 (1980) 13.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  87. V. Siderov, Proc. of the International Symposium on “Lepton and Photon Interactions” (1979) (Fermilab, Batavia 1980).

    Google Scholar 

  88. S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 18 (1967) 507.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  89. K. Kawarabayashi and M. Suzuki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 16 (1966) 255; Riazuddin und Fayyazuddin, Phys. Rev. 147 (1966) 1071.

    MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  90. J. Kapusta and E. V. Shuryak, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 4694.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  91. M. Dey, V. L. Eletsky and B. L. loffe, Phys. Lett. B252 (1990) 620; V. L. Eletsky, Phys. Lett. B245 (1990) 229.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  92. B. Krippa, Phys. Lett. B427 (1998) 13.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  93. M. C. Birse, Phys. Rev. C53 (1996) R2048.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  94. F. Klingl, N. Kaiser and W. Weise, Nucl. Phys. A624 (1997) 527.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  95. D. B. Leinweber, Ann. Phys. 254 (1997) 328.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  96. B. Borasoy and U.-G. Meißner. Phys. Lett. B365 (1996) 285.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  97. M. Asakawa and C. M. Ko, Phys. Rev. C48 (1993) R526; Nucl. Phys. A560 (1993) 399.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  98. S. Leupold, W. Peters and U. Mosel, Nucl. Phys. A628 (1998) 311.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  99. H. Yamagishi and I. Zahed, Ann. Phys. 247 (1996) 292.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  100. M. Veltmann, Phys. Rev. Lett. 17 (1966) 553; J. S. Bell, Nuovo Cim. 50 A (1967) 129.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  101. R. E. Peierls, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A214 (1952) 143.

    MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  102. J. V. Steele, H. Yamagishi and I. Zahed, Phys. Lett. B384 (1996) 255.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  103. J. V. Steele, H. Yamagishi and I. Zahed, Phys. Rev. D56 (1997) 5605.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  104. W. Peters, M. Post, H. Lenske, S. Leupold and U. Mosel, Nucl. Phys. A632 (1998) 109.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  105. R. Rapp, M. Urban, M. Buballa and J. Wambach, Phys. Lett. B417 (1998) 1.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  106. G. E. Brown, G. Q. Li, R. Rapp, M. Rho and J. Wambach, Acta Phys. Polon. B29 (1998) 2309.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  107. J. V. Steele and I. Zahed, Phys. Rev. D60 (1999) 037502.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  108. R. D. Pisarski, Phys. Rev. D52 (1995) R3773; hep-ph/9503330 (unpublished); hep-ph/9505257 (unpublished).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  109. T. Hatsuda and T. Kunihiro, Phys. Lett. B185 (1987) 304.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  110. J. J. Sakurai, Currents and Mesons (University of Chicago, Chicago 1969).

    Google Scholar 

  111. V. L. Eletsky and B. L. Ioffe, Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 2371.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  112. U.-G. Meißner. Phys. Rep. 161 (1988) 213.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  113. S. H. Lee, C. Song and H. Yabu, Phys. Lett. B341 (1995) 407.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  114. C. Song, Phys. Rev. C47 (1993) 3338; Phys. Rev. D48 (1993) 1375; Phys. Rev. D53 (1996) 3962.

    Google Scholar 

  115. M. Bando, T. Kugo, S. Uehara, K. Yamawaki and T. Yanagida, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54 (1985) 1215; M. Bando, T. Kugo and K. Yamawaki, Phys. Rep. 164 (1988) 217.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  116. C. Song and V. Koch, Phys. Rev. C54 (1996) 3218.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  117. G. Chanfray and P. Schuck, Nucl. Phys. A545 (1992) 271c; Nucl. Phys. A555 (1993) 329.

    Google Scholar 

  118. C. A. Dominguez and M. Loewe, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 16 (1990) 403; Zeit. Phys. C49 (1991) 423.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  119. V. L. Eletsky and B. L. Ioffe, Phys. Rev. D47 (1993) 3083.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  120. C. A. Dominguez and M. Loewe, Phys. Lett. B233 (1989) 201.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  121. C. Gale and J. Kapusta, Nucl. Phys. B357 (1991) 65.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  122. C. Gale and P. Lichard, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 3338.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  123. K. Haglin, Nucl. Phys. A584 (1995) 719.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  124. V. L. Eletsky, B. L. Ioffe and J. I. Kapusta, Eur. Phys. J. A3 (1998) 381; V. L. Eletsky and J. I. Kapusta, nucl-th/9810052.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  125. S. Gao, C. Gale, C. Ernst, H. Stöcker and W. Greiner, nucl-th/9812059.

    Google Scholar 

  126. R. Rapp and C. Gale, Phys. Rev. C60 (1999) 24903.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  127. S. Gao and C. Gale, Phys. Rev. C57 (1998) 254.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  128. J. J. Sakurai, Ann. Phys. 11 (1960) 1.

    MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  129. M. Urban, M. Buballa, R. Rapp and J. Wambach, Nucl. Phys. A641 (1998) 433.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  130. E. V. Shuryak, Nucl. Phys. A533 (1991) 761.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  131. R. Rapp and J. Wambach, Phys. Lett. B315 (1993) 220; ibid. B351 (1995) 50.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  132. R. Rapp, PhD thesis Bonn 1996, in Berichte des Forschungszentrum Jülich vol. 3195 (Jülich, 1996) p. 1–141.

    Google Scholar 

  133. R. Rapp, J. W. Durso and J. Wambach, Nucl. Phys. A596 (1996) 436.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  134. T. Hatsuda and T. Kunihiro, Prog. Theo. Phys. 91 (1987) 284.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  135. N. Kaiser and U.-G. Meißner, Nucl. Phys. A519 (1990) 671.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  136. C. Itzykson and J. B. Zuber, Quantum Field Theory (McGraw Hill, New York, 1980).

    Google Scholar 

  137. T. E. O. Ericson and W. Weise, Pions and Nuclei (Clarendon, Oxford, 1988).

    Google Scholar 

  138. J. Ellis, Nucl. Phys. B22 (1970) 478; B. A. Campbell, J. Ellis and K. A. Olive, Nucl. Phys. B345 (1990) 57.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  139. G. E. Brown and M. Rho. Phys. Rep. 269 (1996) 333.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  140. A. B. Migdal, E. E. Saperstein, M. A. Troitsky and D. N. Voskresensky, Phys. Rep. 192 (1990) 179.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  141. R. Rapp and J. Wambach, Nucl. Phys. A573 (1994) 626.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  142. J. C. Ward, Phys. Rev. 78 (1950) 182; Y. Takahasi, Nuovo Cim. 6 (1957) 371.

    Article  MATH  ADS  Google Scholar 

  143. M. Herrmann, B. Friman and W. Nörenberg, Nucl. Phys. A545 (1992) 267c; Nucl. Phys. A560 (1993) 411.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  144. M. Asakawa, C. M. Ko, P. Lévai and X. J. Qiu, Phys. Rev. C46 (1992) R1159.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  145. G. Chanfray, R. Rapp and J. Wambach, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (1996) 368.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  146. R. Machleidt, K. Holinde and C. Elster, Phys. Rep. 149 (1987) 1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  147. G. Chanfray, J. Delorme, M. Ericson and M. Rosa-Clot, nucl-th/9809007.

    Google Scholar 

  148. N. Kaiser, P. B. Siegel and W. Weise, Nucl Phys. A594 (1995) 325.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  149. Particle Data Group, R. M. Barnett et al., Phys. Rev. D54 (1996) 1.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  150. B. Friman, Nucl. Phys. A610 (1996) 358c; B. Friman and H. J. Pirner, Nucl. Phys. A617 (1997) 496.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  151. B. Friman, M. Lutz and G. Wolf, Proc. of BARYONS 98, Bonn (Germany), Sept. 98, and nucl-th/9811040; Proc. of the 28th International Workshop on Gross Properties of Nuclei and Nuclear Excitations, Hirschegg (Austria), 16–22 Jan. 2000, and nuclth/0003012.

    Google Scholar 

  152. V. L. Eletsky and B. L. Ioffe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 (1997) 1010.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  153. T. H. Bauer, R. D. Spital, D. R. Yennie and F. M. Pipkin, Rev. Mod. Phys. 50 (1978) 261.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  154. L. A. Kondratyuk, A. Sibirtsev, W. Cassing, Ye. S. Golubeva and M. Effenberger, Phys. Rev. C58 (1998) 1078.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  155. F. Klingl, N. Kaiser and W. Weise, Zeit. Phys. A356 (1996) 193.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  156. B. Friman, Proc. of the ACTP Workshop on “Hadron Properties in Medium”, Seoul, Korea, Oct. 27–31, 1997, to be published, and nucl-th/9801053; Acta Phys. Polon. B29 (1998) 3195, and nucl-th/9808071.

    Google Scholar 

  157. W. M. Layson, Nuovo Cim. 20 (1961) 1207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  158. J. H. Koch and E. J. Moniz, Phys. Rev. C27 (1983) 751.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  159. F. Bonnutti et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 603.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  160. C. Gaarde et al., SATURNE proposal (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  161. TAGX Collaboration, G. J. Lolos et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998) 241; G. M. Huber, G. J. Lolos and Z. Papandreou, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998) 5285.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  162. G. Freedom, International Workshop on “Soft Dilepton Production”, LBNL, August 20–22, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  163. W. Schön, H. Bokemeyer, W. Koenig and W. Metag, Acta Phys. Polon. B27 (1996) 2959.

    Google Scholar 

  164. R. S. Hayano et al., GSI-SIS proposal #214 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  165. F. Klingl and W. Weise, Nucl. Phys. A606 (1996) 329.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  166. M. Effenberger, A. Hombach, S. Teis and U. Mosel, Nucl. Phys. A613 (1997) 353; M. Effenberger and U. Mosel, Proc. of the “Conference on Perspectives in Hadronic Physics”, Trieste, May 12–16, 1997, and nucl-th/9707010.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  167. Particle Data Group, Phys. Rev. D50 (1994) 1173.

    Google Scholar 

  168. A. Lepretre et al., Phys. Lett. 79B (1978) 43.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  169. J. Ahrens, Nucl. Phys. A446 (1985) 229c; J. Ahrens et al., Phys. Lett. 146B (1984) 303.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  170. Th. Frommhold et at., Phys. Lett. B295 (1992) 28; Zeit. Phys. A350 (1994) 249.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  171. N. Bianchi et al., Phys. Lett. B299 (1993) 219; Phys. Rev. C54 (1996) 1688.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  172. R. L. Walker, Phys. Rev. 182 (1969) 1729.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  173. B. Krusche et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 (1995) 3736.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  174. A. Braghieri et al., Phys. Lett. B363 (1995) 46.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  175. W. M. Alberico, G. Gervino, and A. Lavagno, Phys. Lett. B321 (1994) 177.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  176. L. A. Kondratyuk, M. I. Krivoruchenko, N. Bianchi, E. De Sanctis and V. Muccifora, Nucl. Phys. A579 (1994) 453.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  177. N. M. Kroll, T. D. Lee and B. Zumino, Phys. Rev. 157 (1967) 1376.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  178. T. A. Armstrong et al., Phys. Rev. D5 (1972) 1640.

    MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  179. T. A. Armstrong et al., Nucl. Phys. B41 (1972) 445.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  180. J. Cleymans, J. Fingberg and K. Redlich, Phys. Rev. D35 (1987) 2153.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  181. H.-J. Schulze and D. Blaschke, Phys. Lett. B386 (1996) 429.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  182. E. Braaten, R. D. Pisarski and T. C. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 (1990) 2242.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  183. L. Chatterjee and C.-Y. Wong, Phys. Rev. C51 (1995) 2125.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  184. M. G.-H. Mostafa, C.-Y. Wong, L. Chatterjee and Z.-Q. Wang, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E5 (1996) 631.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  185. C. H. Lee, J. Wirstam, I. Zahed and T. H. Hansson, Phys. Lett. B448 (1999) 168.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  186. T. Schäfer, E. V. Shuryak and J. J. M. Verbaarschot, Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 1267.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  187. M. Velkovsky and E. V. Shuryak, Phys. Rev. D56 (1997) 2766.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  188. R. Rapp, T. Schäfer, E. V. Shuryak and M. Velkovsky, Ann. Phys. 280 (2000) 35.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  189. H. A. Weldon, Phys. Rev. D61 (2000) 036003.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  190. A. Peshier and M. Thoma, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 (2000) 841.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  191. S. M. H. Wong, Zeit. Phys. C53 (1992) 465.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  192. J. Cleymans, V. V. Goloviznin and K. Redlich, Phys. Rev. D47 (1993) 989.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  193. J. D. Bjorken, K. L. Kowalski and C. C. Taylor, Proc. of Les Rencontres de la Vallee D’Aoste, La Thuile, Italy, 1993, ed. by M. Greco (Edition Frontiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, 1993), p. 507.

    Google Scholar 

  194. K. Rajagopal and F. Wilczek, Nucl. Phys. B404 (1993) 577.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  195. Z. Huang and X.-N. Wang, Phys. Lett. B383 (1996) 457.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  196. Y. Kluver, V. Koch, J. Randrup and X.-N. Wang, Phys. Rev. C57 (1998) 280.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  197. S. Gavin, Nucl. Phys. B351 (1991) 561.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  198. W. Ehehalt and W. Cassing, Nucl. Phys. A602 (1996) 449.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  199. X.-N. Wang and M. Gyulassy, Phys. Rev. D44 (1991) 3501.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  200. H. Bebie, P. Gerber, J. L. Goity and H. Leutwyler, Nucl. Phys. B378 (1992) 95.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  201. B. Nilsson-Almquist and E. Stenlund, Comput. Phys. Commun. 43 (1987) 387.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  202. R. Baier, M. Dirks and C. Redlich, Acta Phys. Polon. B28 (1997) 2873.

    Google Scholar 

  203. R. Rapp, Proc. of Quark Matter’ 99 (Torino, Italy, 10.–15.05.99), Nucl. Phys. A661 (1999) 33c.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  204. A. V. Leonidov and P. V. Ruuskanen, Heavy Ion Phys. 1 (1995) 61; Eur. Phys. J. C4 (1998) 519.

    Google Scholar 

  205. C. Song, C. M. Ko, and C. Gale, Phys. Rev. D50, R1827 (1994).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  206. J. K. Kim, P. Ko, K. Y. Lee and S. Rudaz, Phys. Rev. D53 (1996) 4787.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  207. G. Q. Li and C. Gale, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 (1998) 1572; Phys. Rev. C58 (1998) 2914.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  208. C.-H. Lee, H. Yamagishi and I. Zahed, Phys. Rev. C58 (1998) 2899.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  209. J. Kapusta, P. Lichard and D. Seibert, Phys. Rev. D44 (1991) 2774; and Erratum, ibid. D47 (1993) 4171.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  210. L. D. Landau, Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR Ser. Fiz. 17 (1953) 51.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  211. E. V. Shuryak, Yad. Fiz. 20 (1974) 549.

    Google Scholar 

  212. F. Cooper, G. Frye and E. Schonberg, Phys. Rev. D11 (1975) 292.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  213. H. von Gersdorff, L. McLerran, M. Kataja and P. V. Ruuskanen, Phys. Rev. D34 (1986) 794.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  214. E. Schnedermann and U. Heinz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 (1992) 2908.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  215. U. Katscher, D.H. Rischke, J.A. Maruhn, W. Greiner, I.N. Mishustinand L.M. Saratov, Zeit. Phys. A346 (1993) 209.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  216. C. M. Hung and E. V. Shuryak, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 (1995) 4003.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  217. J. Sollfrank, P. Huovinen, M. Kataja, P. V. Ruuskanen, M. Prakash and R. Venugopalan, Phys. Rev. C55 (1997) 392.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  218. D. H. Rischke, Y. Pürsün and J. A. Maruhn, Nucl. Phys. A595 (1995) 383; and Erratum, ibid. A596 (1996) 717.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  219. B. R. Schlei, Heavy Ion Phys. 5 (1997) 403.

    Google Scholar 

  220. D. K. Srivastava, J. Pan, V. Emel’yanov and C. Gale, Phys. Lett. B329 (1994) 157.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  221. J. D. Bjorken, Phys. Rev. D27 (1983) 140.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  222. R. Hwa and K. Kajantie, Phys. Rev. D32 (1985) 1109.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  223. B. Kämpfer, O. P. Pavlenko, A. Peshier and G. Soff, Phys. Rev. C52 (1995) 2704.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  224. K. Haglin, Phys. Rev. C53 (1996) R2606.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  225. G. F. Bertsch and S. Das Gupta, Phys. Rep. 160 (1988) 189.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  226. C. M. Ko and Q. Li, Phys. Rev. C37 (1988) R2270.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  227. B. Blättel, V. Koch, W. Cassing and U. Mosel, Phys. Rev. C38 (1988) 1767; for a review, see e.g., B. Blättel, V. Koch and U. Mosel, Rep. Prog. Phys. 56 (1993) 1.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  228. J. Aichelin, Phys. Rep. 202 (1991) 233.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  229. H. Sorge, H. Stöcker and W. Greiner, Ann. Phys. 192 (1989) 266.

    MATH  ADS  Google Scholar 

  230. S. A. Bass et al., Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 41 (1998) 225.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  231. K. Weber, B. Blättel, W. Cassing, H.-C. Dönges, V. Koch, A. Lang and U. Mosel, Nucl. Phys. A539 (1992) 713.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  232. B. D. Serot and J. D. Walecka, Adv. Nucl. Phys. 16 (1986) 1.

    Google Scholar 

  233. E. L. Bratkovskaya and W. Cassing, Nucl. Phys. A619 (1997) 413.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  234. G. Q. Li and C. M. Ko, Nucl. Phys. A582 (1995) 731.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  235. G. Q. Li, C. M. Ko, G. E. Brown and H. Sorge, Nucl. Phys. A611 (1996) 539.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  236. E. L. Bratkovskaya and C. M. Ko, Phys. Lett. B445 (1999) 265.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  237. W. Cassing and S. Juchem, nucl-th/9903070.

    Google Scholar 

  238. J. Knoll, nucl-th/9811099.

    Google Scholar 

  239. V. Koch and G. F. Bertsch, Nucl. Phys. A552 (1993) 591.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  240. E. L. Bratkovskaya, W. Cassing, R. Rapp and J. Wambach, Nucl. Phys. A634 (1998) 168.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  241. P. Koch, Zeit. Phys. C57 (1993) 283.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  242. B. Kämpfer, P. Koch and O. P. Pavlenko, Phys. Rev. C49 (1994) 1132.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  243. P. Braun-Munzinger and J. Stachel, Nucl. Phys. A606 (1996) 320.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  244. J. Stachel, Nucl. Phys. A610 (1996) 509c.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  245. U A. Wiedemann, Proc. of Quark Matter’ 99, Torino (Italy), May 10–15, 1999, Nucl. Phys. A661 (1999) 65c.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  246. H. Sorge, Phys. Lett. B373 (1996) 16.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  247. K. Gallmeister, B. Kämpfer and O. P. Pavlenko, Phys. Lett. B473 (2000) 20.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  248. L. Xiong, Z. G. Wu, C. M. Ko and J. Q. Wu, Nucl. Phys. A512 (1990) 772.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  249. Gy. Wolf, G. Batko, W. Cassing, U. Mosel, K. Niita and M. Schäfer, Nucl. Phys. A517 (1990) 615; Gy. Wolf, W. Cassing and U. Mosel, Nucl. Phys. A552 (1993) 549.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  250. C. Ernst, S. A. Bass, M. Belkacem, H. Stöcker and W. Greiner, Phys. Rev. C58 (1998) 447.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  251. E. L. Bratkovskaya, W. Cassing, M. Effenberger and U. Mosel, Nucl. Phys. A653 (1999) 301.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  252. R. Averbeck et al. (TAPS collaboration), Zeit. Phys. A359 (1997) 65.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  253. J. Zhang and C. Gale, Phys. Rev. C50 (1994) 1617.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  254. B. Lenkeit, Doctoral Thesis, University of Heidelberg, 1998; B. Lenkeit et al., CERES collaboration, Proc. of Quark Matter’ 99, Torino (Italy), May 10’15, 1999, Nucl. Phys. A661 (1999) 23c.

    Google Scholar 

  255. P. Huovinen and M. Prakash, Phys. Lett. B450 (1999) 15.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  256. J. Kapusta, D. Kharzeev and L. McLerran, Phys. Rev. D53 (1996) 5028; Z. Huang and X.-N. Wang, ibid. 5034.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  257. A. Drees, Phys. Lett. B388 (1996) 380.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  258. G. Q. Li, G. E. Brown and C. M. Ko, Nucl. Phys. A630 (1998) 563.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  259. D. Irmscher, Doctoral Dissertation, Univ. Heidelberg 1993; T. Ullrich, Doctoral Dissertation, Univ. Heidelberg 1994; G. Agakichiev et al., CERES collaboration, Eur. Phys. J. C4 (1998) 231; and A. Drees, private communication.

    Google Scholar 

  260. V. Koch, Proc. of the XXXVII. International “Winter Meeting on Nuclear Physics”, Bormio (Italy) Jan. 1999, and nucl-th/9903008.

    Google Scholar 

  261. P. Braun-Munzinger, D. Miskowiec, A. Drees and C. Lourenço, Eur. Phys. J. C1 (1998) 123.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  262. Z. Lin and X. N. Wang, Phys. Lett. B444 (1998) 245.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  263. R. Rapp and E. V. Shuryak, Phys. Lett. B473 (2000) 13.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  264. I. Tserruya, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 129 (1997) 145.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  265. T. Akesson et al., HELIOS-2 collaboration, Zeit. Phys. C46 (1990) 369.

    Google Scholar 

  266. R. Baur et at., CERES collaboration, Zeit. Phys. C71 (1996) 571.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  267. R. Albrecht et at., WA80 collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (1996) 3506.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  268. B. Wyslouch for the WA98 collaboration, Nucl. Phys. A638 (1998) 147c.

    Google Scholar 

  269. D. K. Srivastava and B. Sinha, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (1994) 2421.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  270. A. Dumitru et al., Phys. Rev. C51 (1995) 2166.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  271. G. Q. Li and G. E. Brown, Nucl. Phys. A632 (1998) 153.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  272. S. Sarkar et al., Nucl. Phys. A634 (1998) 206.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  273. M.-A. Halasz, J. V. Steele, G. Q. Li and G. E. Brown, Phys. Rev. C58 (1998) 365.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3800

    R. Rapp

  2. Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloβgartenstr. 9, D-64289, Darmstadt, Germany

    J. Wambach

Authors
  1. R. Rapp
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. Wambach
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts

    J. W. Negele

  2. Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada

    Erich Vogt

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rapp, R., Wambach, J. (2002). Chiral Symmetry Restoration and Dileptons in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions. In: Negele, J.W., Vogt, E. (eds) Advances in Nuclear Physics. Advances in Nuclear Physics, vol 25. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47101-9_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47101-9_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-306-46440-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-47101-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation