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Wireless Phones and Health pp 3–21Cite as

State of the Science Regarding in Vitro and in Vivo Exposure Systems for RF Studies

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Abstract

To understand the biological effects of radio frequency (RF) fields on humans, both in vitro and in vivo studies exposing cell cultures, isolated tissues, and animals have been conducted. Dosimetry of nonionizing radiation is far more complicated than that of ionizing radiation. Field frequency and polarization, tissue dielectric properties, object size and shape, and the presence of metallic stimulating and recording instruments can all affect energy absorption in exposed subjects, either in vitro or in vivo. In addition, temperature control in an exposure system can influence biological responses. Different exposure systems are reviewed in this paper. Relevance of the systems to wireless technology research is discussed.

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  1. C. K. Chou
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  1. Wireless Technology Research, L.L.C., Italy

    George L. Carlo

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Chou, C.K. (2002). State of the Science Regarding in Vitro and in Vivo Exposure Systems for RF Studies. In: Carlo, G.L., Supley, M., Hersemann, S.E., Thibodeau, P. (eds) Wireless Phones and Health. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46899-9_1

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