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Degradation of Cellulose and Starch by Anaerobic Bacteria

  • Chapter
Glycomicrobiology

Summary

Cellulolytic and amylolytic systems of some anaerobic bacteria are now known to be far more complex than simply the production of extracellular enzymes. These systems include the interaction of many components to effectively hydrolyze the polysaccharides. The constituents of these systems appear to form some type of complex: membrane associated for some gram-negative amylolytics and exocellular cellulosomes for some gram-positive cellulolytics.

These complexes house polysaccharide binding proteins, which apparently serve to bring the polysaccharide into proximity to the polysaccharidases. For some bacteria, binding to the starch molecule appears to be an essential step for starch utilization. It is less certain if binding to cellulose molecules is an essential step for cellulolytic bacteria.

In general, both cellulolytic and amylolytic bacterial activity is induced by cultivation in medium containing some form of the respective polysaccharide. However, the overall regulation of the synthesis and aggregation of the cell surface complexes is still uncertain. In addition, while there is evidence that some bacteria repress their polysaccharide utilization systems in preference of utilizing more soluble carbohydrates, such as glucose, it is not certain how universal such repression is in the anaerobic bacterial world.

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762

    Kevin L. Anderson

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  1. University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky

    Ron J. Doyle

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Anderson, K.L. (2002). Degradation of Cellulose and Starch by Anaerobic Bacteria. In: Doyle, R.J. (eds) Glycomicrobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46821-2_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46821-2_13

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