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Respiratory Pigments

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Comparative Animal Biochemistry

Abstract

In the animal kingdom there are four types of O2-binding (respiratory) pigment with different structures but very similar functional properties. They have characteristic colours in their oxygenated states and the absorption spectra of the pigments with bound O2 or another ligand, such as CO or CN−, are used for purposes of identification (Table 7.1). The structures of the binding sites vary (Fig. 7.1): the prosthetic group of the globins is protohaem, i.e. Fe(II)-protoporphyring (Fig. 7.2), which can bind one ligand. Chlorocruorin is also a haemoprotein but with a haem component (spirographis haem) which differs from protohaem in one substituent (Fig. 7.2). In the copper protein haemocyanin and the iron protein haemerythrin, the binding site in each case contains two metal atoms (Fig. 7.1). Chlorocruorins and haemocyanins are always found dissolved in the blood plasma; haemerythrins occur only intracellularly, and haemoglobins are both intra-and extracellular (Table 7.2). The intracellular respiratory pigments consistently have molecular masses under 100 kDA and only one to eight O2-binding sites per molecule. Most of the extracellular blood pigments have far larger molecular masses of up to several million kDA and often more than 100 O2-binding sites; in this way, the colloid osmotic effects in the blood plasma are reduced. There are, however, some exceptions to this rule, e.g. the extracellular haemoglobins of chironomid larvae are only 16–32 kDA.

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Urich, K. (1994). Respiratory Pigments. In: Comparative Animal Biochemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06303-3_7

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