Skip to main content

Willing to stand … if asked: Candidacy for local council elections in the Netherlands and Norway

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Zivile Bürgergesellschaft und Demokratie
  • 6930 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

The availability of people willing to stand for elected political office constitutes a critical node in the study of democratic political systems. On the one hand standing for election is a form of political participation where, just as with all other forms of political activity, the question of who does and who doesn’t – or who will and who won’t – is an important issue in its own right.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  • Aars, Jacob, and Hans-Erik Ringkjøp. 2005. Party Politicisation Reversed? Non-Partisan Alternatives in Norwegian Local Politics. Scandinavian Political Studies 28 (2):161–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aarts, Kees, and Jacques Thomassen. 2008. Dutch Voters and the Changing Party Space 1989–2006. Acta Politica 43(2): 203–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baldersheim, Harald, and Lawrence E. Rose. 2011. Norway: The Decline of Subnational Democracy?. In The Oxford Handbook of Local and Regional Democracy in Europe, Hrsg. John Loughlin, Frank Hendriks and Anders Lidström, 282–304. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Black, Gordon S.. 1972. A Theory of Political Ambition: Career Choices and the Role of Structural Incentives. American Political Science Review 66(1):144–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boogers, Marcel. 2007. Lokale politiek in Nederland. De logica en dynamek van plaatselijke politiek. Den Haag: Lemma.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brady, Henry E., Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Sidney Verba. 1999. Prospecting for Participants: Rational Expectations and the Recruitment of Political Activists. American Political Science Review 93(1):153–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Budge, Ian, and Dennis Fairlie. 1975. Political Recruitment and Dropout: Predictive Success of Background Characteristics over Five British Localities. British Journal of Political Science 5(1):33–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bystydzienski, Jill M.. 1995. Women in Electoral Politics: Lessons from Norway. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, Angus, Philip E. Converse, Warren E. Miller, and Donald E. Stokes. 1960. The American Voter. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlsson, Fredrik, and Peter Martinsson. 2001. Do Hypothetical and Actual Marginal Willingness to Pay Differ in Choice Experiments? Application to the Valuation of the Environment. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 41(2):179–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, Susan J.. 1985. Political Elites and Sex Differences in Political Ambition: A Reconsideration. Journal of Politics 47(4):1231–1243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costantini, Edmond. 1990. Political Women and Political Ambition: Closing the Gender Gap. American Journal of Political Research 34(3):741–770.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalton, Russell J.. 2008. Citizenship Norms and the Expansion of Political Participation. Political Studies 56(1):76–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denters, Bas. 2012. A dirty job that needs to be done: Opvattingen van Nederlandse burgers over het raadslidmaatchap. Bestuurswetenschappen 66 (3):14–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denters, Bas, and Pieter-Jan Klok. 2005. The Netherlands: In Search of Responsiveness. In Comparing Local Governance: Trends and Developments, Hrsg. Bas Denters and Lawrence E. Rose, 1–11. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denters, Bas, Oscar Gabriel, and Mariano Torcal. 2007. Norms of Good Citizenship. In Citizenship and Involvement in European Democracies : A Comparative Analysis, Hrsg. Jan W. van Deth, José Ramón Montero and Anders Westholm, 88–108. London: Rutledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denters, Bas, Merel deGroot, and Pieter-Jan Klok. 2011. Staan voor en Gaan voor; Vertegenwoordiging in de Lokale Democratie. In Democratie doorgelicht. Het functioneren van de Nederlandse democratie, Hrsg. Rudy Andeweg and Jacques Thomassen, 369-383. Leiden: Leiden University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, Richard L., and Jennifer L. Lawless. 2004. Entering the Arena: Gender and the Decision to Run for Office. American Journal of Political Science 48(2):264–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, Richard L., and Jennifer L. Lawless. 2005. To Run or Not to Run for Office: Explaining Nascent Political Ambition. American Journal of Political Science 49(3):642–659.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, Richard L., Jennifer L. Lawless, and Courtney Feeley. 2001. Gender and the Decision to Run for Office. Legislative Studies Quarterly 26(3):411–435.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fulton, Sarah A., Cherie D. Maestas, L. Sandy Maisel, and Walter J. Stone. 2006. The Sense of a Woman: Gender, Ambition, and the Decision to Run for Congress. Political Research Quarterly 59:235–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hague, Rod, and Martin Harrop. 2004. Comparative Government and Politics: An Introduction. 6 ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendriks, Frank, and Linze Schaap. 2011. The Netherlands: Subnational Democracy and the Reinvention of Tradition. In The Oxford Handbook of Local and Regional Democracy in Europe, Hrsg. John Loughlin, Frank Hendriks and Anders Lidström, 96–122. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacob, Herbert. 1962. Initial Recruitment of Elected Officials in the US – A Model. Journal of Politics 24 (4):703–716.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janda, Kenneth, Jeffrey M. Berry, and Jerry Goldman. 1992. The Challenge of Democracy: Government in America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, Robert J.. 2006. Is Hypothetical Bias Universal? Validating Contingent Valuation Responses Using a Binding Public Referndum. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 52(1):469–481.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kjaer, Ulrik. 2007. The Decreasing Number of Candidates at Danish Local Elections: Democracy in Crisis?. Local Government Studies 33(2):195–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klok, Pieter-Jan, and Bas Denters. (forthcoming). The Roles Councillors Play. In Local Councillors in Europe, Hrsg. Björn Egner, David Sweeting and Pieter-Jan Klok. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsen, Helge O., and Audun Offerdal. 1990. Demokrati uten deltakere? Arbeidsvilkår og lederroller i kommunepolitikken. Oslo: Kommuneforlaget

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawless, Jennifer L, and Richard L. Fox. 2005. It Takes a Candidate: Why Women Don’t Run for Office. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lidström, Anders. 2006. Commuting and Citizen Participation in Swedish City-Regions. Political Studies 54(4):865–888.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lowndes, Vivien, Lawrence Pratchett, and Gerry Stoker. 2006. Diagnosing and Remedying the Failings of Official Participation Schemes: The CLEAR Framework. Social Policy and Society 5:281–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madison, James, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. 1987. The Federalist Papers. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meadowcroft, John. 2001. Political Recruitment and Local Representation: The Case of Liberal Democrat Councillors. Local Government Studies 27(1):19–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norris, Pippa. 1996. Legislative Recruitment. In Comparing Democracies: Elections and Voting in Global Perspective, Hrsg. Lawrence LeDuc, Richard G. Niemi and Pippa Norris, 184–216. London: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norris, Pippa. 1997. Introduction: Theories of Political Recruitment. In Passages to Power: Legislative Recruitment in Advanced Democracies, 1–14. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norris, Pippa, and Joni Lovenduski. 1993. ‘If only More Candidates Came Forward’: Supply-Side Explanations of Candidate Selection in Britain. British Journal of Political Science 23:383–408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norris, Pippa, and Joni Lovenduski. 1995. Political Recruitment. Gender, Race and Class in British Parliament. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, Barbara, and Dennis Simon. 2003. Political Ambition and Women in the U.S. House of Representatives, 1916-2000. Political Research Quarterly 56:127–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennings, Paul, and Hans Keman. 2008. The Changing Landscape of Dutch Politics Since the 1970s: A Comparative Exploration. Acta Politica 43(2):154–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pennock, J. Roland, and John W. Chapman (Hrsg.). 1968. Representation. New York: Atherton Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitkin, Hannah. 1967. The Concept of Representation. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prewitt, Kenneth. 1969. From the Many are Chosen the Few. American Behavioral Scientist 13(2):169–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prewitt, Kenneth, and Heinz Eulau. 1971. Social Bias in Leadership Selection, Political Recruitment, and Electoral Context. Journal of Politics 33(2):293–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reynaert, Herwig. 2012. The Social Bases of Political Recruitment: A Comparative Study of Local Councillors in Europe. Lex Localis 19(1):19–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ringkjøp, Hans-Erik, and Jacob Aars. 2007. Partidemokrati uten deltakere? Om partienes nominasjonsprosesser i lokalpolitikken. Tidsskrift for samfunnsforsning 48(3):319–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, Lawrence E.. 2005. Demokratiteori – forventninger og virkelighet. In Det kommunale laboratorium: Teoretiske perspektiver på lokal politikk og organisering, 2nd ed., Hrsg. Harald Baldersheim and Lawrence E. Rose,53–81. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, Lawrence E., and Per Arnt Pettersen. 2002. The Good Citizen: Democratic Theory and Political Realities among Norwegians. Oslo/Bodø: Department of Political Science, University of Oslo and Department of Social Sciences, Bodø Regional University. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, IL. 25–28 April 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, Lawrence E., and Krister Ståhlberg. 2005. The Nordic Countries: Still the ‘Promised Land’?. In Comparing Local Governance: Trends and Developments, Hrsg. Bas Denters und Lawrence E. Rose. 83–99. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenstone, Steven J., and John M. Hansen. 1993. Mobilization, Participation, and Democracy in America. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sapiro, Virginia. 1982. Private Costs of Public Commitments or Public Costs of Private Commitments? Family Roles versus Political Ambition. American Journal of Political Science 26(2):265–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlesinger, Joseph. 1966. Ambition and Politics. Chicago: Rand-McNally.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, David C.. 1969. Toward a Theory of Political Recuitment. Western Political Quarterly 22 (3):552–571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sellers, Jefferey M., and Anders Lidström. 2007. Decentralization, Local Government, and the Welfare State. Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration, and Institutions 20(4):609–632.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steyvers, Kristof, and Tom Verhelst. 2012. Between Layman and Professional: Political Recuitment and Career Development of Local Councillors in a Comparative Perspective. Lex Localis 19(1):1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Kolk, Henk. 2007. Local Election Systems in Western Europe. Local Government Studies 33(2):159–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Deth, Jan W.. 2007. Norms of Citizenship. In The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior, Hrsg. Russell J. Dalton and Hans-Dieter Klingemann, 402–417. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Van Mierlo, Hans.J.G.A.. 1986. Depillarisation and the Decline of Consociationalism in the Netherlands: 1970–85. West European Politics 9(1):97–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verba, Sidney, Kay L. Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady. 1995. Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism and American Politics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verhelst, Tom, Herwig Reynaert, and Kristof Steyvers (forthcoming). Political Recruitment and Career Development of Local Councillors in Europe. In Local Councillors in Europe, Hrsg. Björn Egner, David Sweeting and Pieter-Jan Klok. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vossler, Christian A., and Joe Kerkvliet. 2003. A Criterion Validity Test of the Contingent Valuation Method: Comparing Hypothetical and Actual Voting Behavior for a Public Referndum. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 45(3) 631–649.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bas Denters .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Denters, B., Rose, L. (2013). Willing to stand … if asked: Candidacy for local council elections in the Netherlands and Norway. In: Keil, S., Thaidigsmann, S. (eds) Zivile Bürgergesellschaft und Demokratie. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-00875-8_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-00875-8_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer VS, Wiesbaden

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-658-00874-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-658-00875-8

  • eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Science (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics