Skip to main content

Consciousness: Theoretical Approaches

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

This chapter reviews some of the central theoretical challenges confronting the search for the brain basis of consciousness and develops a conceptual framework for tackling these challenges. At the heart of the search for the neural basis of consciousness is the notion of a neural correlate of consciousness. Identifying the neural correlates of consciousness requires that we acknowledge the various aspects of consciousness, for each of the aspects of consciousness raises its own set of methodological challenges. We examine the question of whether an account of the neural correlates of consciousness can be used to ascribe consciousness to creatures that lack the capacity to report their experiences, and we ask whether it is possible to go beyond the neural correlates of consciousness by providing neurally-based explanations of consciousness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alkire MT, Hudetz AG et al (2008) Consciousness and anesthesia. Science 322(5903):876–880

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baars BJ (2005) Global workspace theory of consciousness: toward a cognitive neuroscience of human experience. Prog Brain Res 150:45–53

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bayne T (2007) Conscious states and conscious creatures: explanation in the scientific study of consciousness. Philos Perspect 21:1–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bayne T, Montague M (2011) Cognitive phenomenology. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bayne T, Spener M (2010) Introspective humility. Philos Issues 20:1–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bekinschtein TA, Dehaene S et al (2009) Neural signature of the conscious processing of auditory regularities. P Natl Acad Sci (USA) 106(5):1672–1677

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Block N (2007) The methodological puzzle of consciousness and the mesh between psychology and neuroscience. Behav Brain Sci 30:481–548

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boly M, Garrido MI et al (2011) Preserved feedforward but impaired top-down processes in the vegetative state. Science 332(6031):858–862

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chalmers D (1996) The conscious mind. Oxford University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Chalmers D (2000) What is a neural correlate of consciousness? In: Metzinger T (ed) The neural correlates of consciousness. MIT Press, Cambridge, pp 17–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Craver C (2007) Explaining the brain: mechanisms and the mosaic unity of neuroscience. Oxford University Press, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Dehaene S, Changeux J-P (2011) Experimental and theoretical approaches to conscious processing. Neuron 70(2):200–227

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dennett DC (1991) Consciousness explained. Little, Brown & Co., Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Friston K, Stephan K (2007) Free energy and the brain. Synthese 159(3):417–458

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hohwy J (2007) The search for neural correlates of consciousness. Philos Compass 2(3):461–474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hohwy J (2009) The neural correlates of consciousness: new experimental approaches needed? Conscious Cogn 18:428–438

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hohwy J (2011) Phenomenal variability and introspective reliability. Mind Lang 26:261–286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hohwy J, Fox E (2012) Preserved aspects of consciousness in disorders of consciousness: a review and conceptual analysis. J Consciousness Stud 19(3–4):87–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanai R, Rees G (2011) The structural basis of inter-individual differences in human behaviour and cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci 12(4):231–242

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laureys S (2005) The neural correlate of (un)awareness: lessons from the vegetative state. Trends Cogn Sci 9(12):556–559

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levine J (1983) Materialism and qualia: the explanatory gap. Pac Philos Quart 64:354–361

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy N (2008) Going beyond the evidence. Am J Bioeth 8(9):19–21

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGinn C (1989) Can we solve the mind–body problem? Mind 391:349–366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naccache L (2006) Is she conscious? Science 313:1395–1396

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagel T (1974) What is it like to be a bat? Philos Rev 83:435–450

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Owen AM, Coleman MR, Boly M et al (2006) Detecting awareness in the vegetative state. Science 313:1402

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poldrack RA (2006) Can cognitive processes be inferred from neuroimaging data? Trends Cogn Sci 10(2):59–63

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwitzgebel E (2008) The unreliability of naïve introspection. Philos Rev 117:245–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Searle JR (2004) Mind – a brief introduction. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Shea N (2012) Methodological encounters with the phenomenal kind. Philos Phenomen Res 84:307–344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shea N, Bayne T (2010) The vegetative state and the science of consciousness. Brit J Philos Sci 61:459–484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tononi G (2005) Consciousness, information integration, and the brain. Prog Brain Res 150:109

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Gaal S, Lamme VAF (2011) Unconscious high-level information processing: implication for neurobiological theories of consciousness. Neuroscientist. doi:10.1177/1073858411404079

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zeki, S (2007) A theory of micro–consciousness. In M Velmans and S Schneider (Eds) The Blackwell companion to consciousness. Blackwell

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tim Bayne .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bayne, T., Hohwy, J. (2013). Consciousness: Theoretical Approaches. In: Cavanna, A., Nani, A., Blumenfeld, H., Laureys, S. (eds) Neuroimaging of Consciousness. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37580-4_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37580-4_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-37579-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-37580-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics