Skip to main content

On Optimal Control of Stochastic Linear Hybrid Systems

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 9884))

Abstract

Cyber-physical systems are often hybrid consisting of both discrete and continuous subsystems. The continuous dynamics in cyber-physical systems could be noisy and the environment in which these stochastic hybrid systems operate can also be uncertain. We focus on multimodal hybrid systems in which the switching from one mode to another is determined by a schedule and the optimal finite horizon control problem is to discover the switching schedule as well as the control inputs to be applied in each mode such that some cost metric is minimized over the given horizon. We consider discrete-time control in this paper. We present a two step approach to solve this problem with respect to convex cost objectives and probabilistic safety properties. Our approach uses a combination of sample average approximation and convex programming. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on case studies from temperature-control in buildings and motion planning.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Abate, A., Amin, S., Prandini, M., Lygeros, J., Sastry, S.S.: Computational approaches to reachability analysis of stochastic hybrid systems. In: Bemporad, A., Bicchi, A., Buttazzo, G. (eds.) HSCC 2007. LNCS, vol. 4416, pp. 4–17. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Abate, A., Prandini, M., Lygeros, J., Sastry, S.: Probabilistic reachability and safety for controlled discrete time stochastic hybrid systems. Automatica 44(11), 2724–2734 (2008)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Acikmese, B., Ploen, S.R.: Convex programming approach to powered descent guidance for Mars landing. J. Guidance Control Dyn. 30(5), 1353–1366 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Alur, R.: Formal verification of hybrid systems. In: EMSOFT, pp. 273–278. IEEE (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Asarin, E., Bournez, O., Dang, T., Maler, O., Pnueli, A.: Effective synthesis of switching controllers for linear systems. Proc. IEEE 88(7), 1011–1025 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Barr, N.M., Gangsaas, D., Schaeffer, D.R.: Wind models for flight simulator certification of landing and approach guidance and control systems. Technical report, DTIC Document (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bellman, R.E.: Introduction to the Mathematical Theory of Control Processes, vol. 2. IMA (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Blackmore, L., Ono, M., Bektassov, A., Williams, B.C.: A probabilistic particle-control approximation of chance-constrained stochastic predictive control. IEEE Trans. Robot. 26(3), 502–517 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Campi, M.C., Garatti, S., Prandini, M.: The scenario approach for systems and control design. Ann. Rev. Control 33(2), 149–157 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Cassandras, C.G., Lygeros, J.: Stochastic Hybrid Systems, vol. 24. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2006)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W., Symonds, G.H.: Cost horizons and certainty equivalents: an approach to stochastic programming of heating oil. Manage. Sci. 4(3), 235–263 (1958)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Deori, L., Garatti, S., Prandini, M.: A model predictive control approach to aircraft motion control. In: American Control Conference, ACC 2015, 1–3 July 2015, Chicago, IL, USA, pp. 2299–2304 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Fang, C., Williams, B.C.: General probabilistic bounds for trajectories using only mean and variance. In: ICRA, pp. 2501–2506 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Frank, P.M.: Advances in Control: Highlights of ECC. Springer Science & Business Media, New York (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Gonzalez, H., Vasudevan, R., Kamgarpour, M., Sastry, S., Bajcsy, R., Tomlin, C.: A numerical method for the optimal control of switched systems. In: CDC 2010, pp. 7519–7526 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gonzalez, H., Vasudevan, R., Kamgarpour, M., Sastry, S.S., Bajcsy, R., Tomlin, C.J.: A descent algorithm for the optimal control of constrained nonlinear switched dynamical systems (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Jha, S., Gulwani, S., Seshia, S.A., Tiwari, A.: Synthesizing switching logic for safety and dwell-time requirements. In: ICCPS, pp. 22–31 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Jha, S., Raman, V.: Automated synthesis of safe autonomous vehicle control under perception uncertainty. In: Rayadurgam, S., Tkachuk, O. (eds.) NFM 2016. LNCS, vol. 9690, pp. 117–132. Springer, Heidelberg (2016). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40648-0_10

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Jha, S., Seshia, S.A., Tiwari, A.: Synthesis of optimal switching logic for hybrid systems. In: EMSOFT, pp. 107–116 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kall, P., Wallace, S.: Stochastic Programming. Wiley-Interscience Series in Systems and Optimization. Wiley, New York (1994)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Kamgarpour, M., Soler, M., Tomlin, C.J., Olivares, A., Lygeros, J.: Hybrid optimal control for aircraft trajectory design with a variable sequence of modes. In: 18th IFAC World Congress, Italy (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Kariotoglou, N., Summers, S., Summers, T., Kamgarpour, M., Lygeros, J.: Approximate dynamic programming for stochastic reachability. In: ECC, pp. 584–589. IEEE (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kleywegt, A.J., Shapiro, A., Homem-de Mello, T.: The sample average approximation method for stochastic discrete optimization. SIAM J. Optim. 12(2), 479–502 (2002)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. Koutsoukos, X.D., Riley, D.: Computational methods for reachability analysis of stochastic hybrid systems. In: Hespanha, J.P., Tiwari, A. (eds.) HSCC 2006. LNCS, vol. 3927, pp. 377–391. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Li, P., Arellano-Garcia, H., Wozny, G.: Chance constrained programming approach to process optimization under uncertainty. Comput. Chem. Eng. 32(1–2), 25–45 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Li, P., Wendt, M., Wozny, G.: A probabilistically constrained model predictive controller. Automatica 38(7), 1171–1176 (2002)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Liberzon, D.: Switching in Systems and Control. Springer Science & Business Media, New York (2012)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Ma, Y.: Model predictive control for energy efficient buildings. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Margellos, K., Prandini, M., Lygeros, J.: A compression learning perspective to scenario based optimization. In: CDC 2014, pp. 5997–6002 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Miller, B.L., Wagner, H.M.: Chance constrained programming with joint constraints. Oper. Res. 13(6), 930–945 (1965)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  31. Nemirovski, A., Shapiro, A.: Convex approximations of chance constrained programs. SIAM J. Optim. 17(4), 969–996 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  32. Ono, M., Blackmore, L., Williams, B.C.: Chance constrained finite horizon optimal control with nonconvex constraints. In: ACC, pp. 1145–1152. IEEE (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Pontryagin, L.: Optimal control processes. Usp. Mat. Nauk 14(3), 3–20 (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Prajna, S., Jadbabaie, A., Pappas, G.J.: A framework for worst-case and stochastic safety verification using barrier certificates. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 52(8), 1415–1428 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  35. Prandini, M., Garatti, S., Lygeros, J.: A randomized approach to stochastic model predictive control. In: CDC 2012, pp. 7315–7320 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Prandini, M., Hu, J.: Stochastic reachability: theory and numerical approximation. Stochast. Hybrid Syst. Autom. Control Eng. Ser. 24, 107–138 (2006)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  37. Prékopa, A.: Stochastic Programming, vol. 324. Springer Science & Business Media, New York (2013)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  38. Sastry, S.S.: Nonlinear Systems: Analysis, Stability, and Control. Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics. Springer, New York (1999). Numrotation dans la coll. principale

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  39. Van Hessem, D., Scherer, C., Bosgra, O.: LMI-based closed-loop economic optimization of stochastic process operation under state and input constraints. In: 2001 Proceedings of the 40th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, vol. 5, pp. 4228–4233. IEEE (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Vichik, S., Borrelli, F.: Identification of thermal model of DOE library. Technical report, ME Department, Univ. California at Berkeley (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Vitus, M.P., Tomlin, C.J.: Closed-loop belief space planning for linear, Gaussian systems. In: ICRA, pp. 2152–2159. IEEE (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Xue, D., Chen, Y., Atherton, D.P.: Linear feedback control: analysis and design with MATLAB, vol. 14. SIAM (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Zhang, Y., Sankaranarayanan, S., Somenzi, F.: Statistically sound verification and optimization for complex systems. In: Cassez, F., Raskin, J.-F. (eds.) ATVA 2014. LNCS, vol. 8837, pp. 411–427. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Zhu, F., Antsaklis, P.J.: Optimal control of switched hybrid systems: a brief survey. Discrete Event Dyn. Syst. 23(3), 345–364 (2011). ISIS

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Susmit Jha .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Jha, S., Raman, V. (2016). On Optimal Control of Stochastic Linear Hybrid Systems. In: Fränzle, M., Markey, N. (eds) Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems. FORMATS 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9884. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44878-7_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44878-7_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-44877-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-44878-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics