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Nanomaterials in Advanced Batteries and Supercapacitors pp 55–91Cite as

Metal Oxides and Lithium Alloys as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

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Part of the book series: Nanostructure Science and Technology ((NST))

Abstract

Metal oxides such as TiO2, Li4Ti5O12, SnO2, SnO, M2SnO4 (\( \mathrm{M} = \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{n} \), Co, Mn, Mg), TMO (\( \mathrm{T}\mathrm{M} = \mathrm{M}\mathrm{n} \), Fe, Co, Ni, or Cu), TM3O4 (\( \mathrm{T}\mathrm{M} = \mathrm{C}\mathrm{o} \), Fe, or Mn), and lithium alloys Li–Sn, Li–Si are among the next-generation anode materials for lithium–ion batteries with high prospect of replacing graphite. Most of these anode materials have higher specific capacities between the range of \( 600 - 1000\ \mathrm{m}\mathrm{A}\ \mathrm{h}\ {\mathrm{g}}^{-1} \) compared with \( 340\ \mathrm{m}\mathrm{A}\ \mathrm{h}\ {\mathrm{g}}^{-1} \) of graphite. These high-capacity anode materials normally face poor cycle performance due to severe volume change during the discharge/charge reactions which leads to crack and pulverization. To overcome these limitations, two commonly adopted strategies are nano-engineering and coating with carbon. In this chapter, we have discussed the metal oxides and lithium alloy anodes in three sections, with emphasis on their electrochemical reaction mechanisms with lithium. We have also presented a brief historical review based on the development of the metal oxides and lithium alloys as anode materials for lithium–ion battery, highlighted ongoing research strategies, and discussed the challenges that remain regarding the synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical performance of the materials.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Energy Materials Unit, Materials Science and Manufacturing, Council for Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, 0001, South Africa

    Mesfin Kebede, Haitao Zheng & Kenneth I. Ozoemena

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa

    Kenneth I. Ozoemena

  3. School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa

    Kenneth I. Ozoemena

Authors
  1. Mesfin Kebede
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  2. Haitao Zheng
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  3. Kenneth I. Ozoemena
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Correspondence to Mesfin Kebede .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Science and Manufacturing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa

    Kenneth I. Ozoemena

  2. Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA

    Shaowei Chen

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Kebede, M., Zheng, H., Ozoemena, K.I. (2016). Metal Oxides and Lithium Alloys as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. In: Ozoemena, K., Chen, S. (eds) Nanomaterials in Advanced Batteries and Supercapacitors. Nanostructure Science and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26082-2_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26082-2_3

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