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Heterogeneous Lipid Distributions in Membranes as Revealed by Electronic Energy Transfer

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Reviews in Fluorescence 2015

Part of the book series: Reviews in Fluorescence ((RFLU,volume 8))

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Abstract

The techniques achieving the highest resolution only can characterize membrane heterogeneities on the lowest molecular level. When Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is combined with Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations and is applied to the measurement of nanodomain/pore sizes it reaches an unbeatable resolution of 2–50 nm. While other techniques start being less efficient at such short distances FRET is most efficient in this region. Here, usefulness of MC-FRET is demonstrated on three different systems that contain heterogeneously distributed lipids: a nanoscopically phase separated bilayer, a bilayer containing pores and finally on bicelles consisting of highly curved and flat regions. Moreover, this paper gives the reader information on how a FRET experiment should be designed to achieve the highest FRET resolution but also which experimental conditions should be avoided. The theory describing FRET between randomly distributed donors and acceptors in a lipid bilayer is also described in this paper as well as reasons are explained why for heterogeneous probe distribution MC simulations should rather be used.

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Abbreviations

A r :

Area fraction of the Lo domains

B-F:

Baumann-Fayer

BODIPY-FL:

4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-5,7-dimethyl-s-indacenyl

BODIPY 564/570:

4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-5-styryl-dimethyl-s-indacenyl

C 2 :

Reduced surface concentration

C 2A :

Reduced surface concentration in phase A

C 2B :

Reduced surface concentration in phase B

CTxB:

Cholera toxin

DAET:

Donor-acceptor energy transfer

DDEM:

donor-donor energy migration

DiD:

1,1′-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-Tetramethylindodicarbocyanine-5,5′-Disulfonic Acid (DiIC18(5)-DS)

FRET:

Förster resonance energy transfer

G s(t):

the excitation probability of the initially excited donor

κ :

Angular dependence of dipole-dipole coupling

τ D :

Fluorescence lifetime of the donor

MC:

Monte Carlo

R :

Radius of a lipid domain/raft

R 0 :

Förster radius

r 0 :

Limiting anisotropy

TCSPC:

Time-correlated single-photon counting

Ld :

Liquid disordered phase

Lo :

Liquid ordered phase

K i (i = D or A):

Partition coefficient of donors (i = D) or acceptors (i = A)

R :

Domain radius

R plane :

Radius of the bicellar planes (cf. Picture 7.3)

R pore :

Radius of the pores

SS:

Steady-state

Sph:

Sphingomyelin

TR:

Time-resolved

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic via the grant 14-03141 (RŠ) and the Swedish Research Council (LBÅJ).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry: Biophysical Chemistry, Umeå University, S-901 87, Umeå, Sweden

    Lennart B.-Å. Johansson

  2. Department of Biophysical Chemistry, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 2155/3, Prague 8, 182 23, Czech Republic

    Radek Šachl

Authors
  1. Radek Šachl
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  2. Lennart B.-Å. Johansson
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Correspondence to Lennart B.-Å. Johansson .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Fluorescence, University of Maryland Baltimore County Institute of Fluorescence, BALTIMORE, Maryland, USA

    Chris D. Geddes

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Šachl, R., Johansson, L.BÅ. (2016). Heterogeneous Lipid Distributions in Membranes as Revealed by Electronic Energy Transfer. In: Geddes, C. (eds) Reviews in Fluorescence 2015. Reviews in Fluorescence, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24609-3_7

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