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Space Physiology and Medicine pp 245–282Cite as

Neurology

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Abstract

From the moment of conception the human cognitive and sensorimotor systems develop to function in the Earth’s gravitational field. Although humans were never intended to live, work, eat, or play in a microgravity environment, the human nervous system is adaptable, as has been learned when humans have traveled into low Earth orbit and lived in sustained freefall. It is this plasticity of the nervous system that allows us to transition, under terrific acceleration, from the surface of our planet to the weightlessness of space. Outlined and/or described in detail in this chapter are some of the neurological effects associated with space flight. The transition represented by these effects can be slow, uncomfortable, and even dangerous. To help astronauts adjust to the physical and functional limitations caused by adjustment of the nervous system to gravitational transitions, countermeasures may be needed. Countermeasures that have been tested include medication, prevention techniques and training exercises, physical rehabilitation, and mechanical devices.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to give a special thanks to Ms. Jane Krauhs for her expertise and attention to detail in editing this chapter, and to Dr. Donald Parker for his refinement of the otolith tilt-translation reinterpretation hypothesis included in this chapter. We are particularly grateful for Ms. Jody Krnavek Cerisano and Ms. Liz Fisher who often sacrificed their personal life to collect and analyze much of the data collected by the NASA JSC Neuroscience Laboratory. Also special thanks to our colleagues at MIT, Case Western Reserve University, and Baylor College of Medicine.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NASA Neuroscience, Neuroscience Laboratories, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, 77058, USA

    Millard F. Reschke BA, MS, PhD

  2. Integrative, Multisensory, Perception, Action and Cognition Team, CNRS UMR5292 – INSERM U1028 – University of Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Neuroscience de Lyon, 16 Avenue Doyen Lépine, Bron, France

    Gilles Clément PhD

  3. NASA Neuroscience Laboratories, Wyle Laboratories, Houston, TX, USA

    Shea L. Thorson BS

  4. Neuroscience Laboratories, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Deborah L. Harm PhD & Alix M. Dudley MSc

  5. U.S. Army, Box 610, Cooper Landing, AK, USA

    Thomas H. Mader MD

  6. Department of Psychology, Azusa Pacific University, 701 E. Foothill Blvd, Azusa, CA, 91702-7000, USA

    Scott J. Wood PhD

  7. NASA Human Research Program, Neuroscience Laboratories, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, 77058, USA

    Jacob J. Bloomberg BSc, PhD

  8. Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX, 77058, USA

    Ajitkumar P. Mulavara PhD

  9. Space Medicine Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA

    C. Robert Gibson OD

  10. Southlake Regional Health Centre, 596 Davis Drive, Newmarket, ON, Canada, L3Y 2P9

    Dafydd R. Williams MD, FCFP, FRCP (Former CSA astronaut)

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  1. Millard F. Reschke BA, MS, PhD
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  2. Gilles Clément PhD
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Correspondence to Millard F. Reschke BA, MS, PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, Virginia, USA

    Arnauld E. Nicogossian

  2. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC, USA

    Richard S. Williams

  3. NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Barrington, Rhode Island, USA

    Carolyn L. Huntoon

  4. Department of Family and Community Medicine School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Charles R. Doarn

  5. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC, USA

    James D. Polk

  6. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC, USA

    Victor S. Schneider

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Ch 9_Neurology (PDF 1441 kb)

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Reschke, M.F. et al. (2016). Neurology. In: Nicogossian, A., Williams, R., Huntoon, C., Doarn, C., Polk, J., Schneider, V. (eds) Space Physiology and Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6652-3_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6652-3_9

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  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6652-3

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