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Lichenological Studies in India with Reference to Terricolous Lichens

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Book cover Terricolous Lichens in India

Abstract

The symbiotic association of fungi and algae/cyanobacteria, known as lichen, is one of the most successful associations in nature. Dominated by ascomycetous mycobiont majority (85 %) of lichens have green algae as their photobionts, rest (15 %) have cyanobacteria as their primary or secondary photobionts. Cyanolichens, owing to their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, help in nitrogen dynamics of terrestrial biomes. On the basis of substratum, lichens are categorized into saxicolous (inhabiting rocks and stones), corticolous (growing on tree barks), terricolous (soil inhabiting), ramicolous (growing on twigs), muscicolous (growing over mosses), and omnicolous (inhabiting various substrates and manmade structures). Among these, soil-inhabiting terricolous lichens are among the most sensitive lichens, used in biomonitoring studies. Lichenological researches in India in the past 50 years have accumulated a good amount of taxonomic knowledge and now, applied fields of lichenological researches are being explored such as bioprospection of lichen metabolites, lichen-based pollution monitoring, ethnopharmacological uses of lichens and functional ecophysiology of lichens. Indian terricolous lichens, besides being mentioned in taxonomic records and enumerations, have also been studied for their ethnopharmacological uses and their role in functional ecology (nutrient dynamics, photobiont specificity, altitudinal optimum, and biomonitoring of zooanthropogenic pressures) of their habitats.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For a detailed historical account of lichenological researches (mainly taxonomic) in India, see Upreti 2001b and Singh 2011.

  2. 2.

    The chapter reviews pollution monitoring studies in India.

  3. 3.

    Squamules as primary thallus bearing erect fruticose body as secondary thallus.

  4. 4.

    Values measured as percent dry weight, determined using CHNS-O Elementar (Vario EL III) using sulfanilic acid (SIGMA-ALDRICHTM) as standard.

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  1. Lichenology Laboratory,Plant Diversity,Systematics and Herbarium Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, 226001, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Himanshu Rai, Roshni Khare & Dalip Kumar Upreti

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  1. Himanshu Rai
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  3. Dalip Kumar Upreti
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  1. National Botanical Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Himanshu Rai

  2. National Botanical Research Institute, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Dalip K. Upreti

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Rai, H., Khare, R., Upreti, D. (2014). Lichenological Studies in India with Reference to Terricolous Lichens. In: Rai, H., Upreti, D. (eds) Terricolous Lichens in India. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8736-4_1

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