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Biopsychosocial Perspectives on Arab Americans pp 175–195Cite as

Arab Refugees: Trauma, Resilience, and Recovery

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Abstract

This chapter provides a brief introduction to the history of Arab refugees in the USA, an analysis of the traumatic stressors that different gender and age groups encounter pre- and post-refuge, and the effects of these stressors on their well-being. Further, it explores the resilience and protective factors of Arab refugees. Resilience and protective factors are used in this chapter to indicate internal and external factors that the evidence shows are associated with “good” outcome in spite of adversities (e.g., Luthar et al., Child Development 71(3):543–562, 2000). The development-based traumatology framework that highlights the etiology of refugees’ cumulative trauma is discussed (Kira, Traumatology 16(4):128–141, 2010). Also, two models of therapeutic interventions for Arab refugees are introduced: individual therapy that includes the transdiagnostic and complex trauma approaches that are mostly uni-systemic, and the ecological multi-systemic approaches. Finally, community outreach and advocacy are discussed as part of the recommended ecological model of recovery.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, 4906 Woodhurst Way, Stone Mountain, GA, 30088, USA

    Ibrahim Aref Kira

  2. Department of SAPE/Psychology, The American University in Cairo, 420 Fifth Avenue, 3rd floor, New York, NY, 10018, USA

    Mona M. Amer

  3. Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA

    Nancy Howells Wrobel

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  1. Ibrahim Aref Kira
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  2. Mona M. Amer
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  3. Nancy Howells Wrobel
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Correspondence to Ibrahim Aref Kira .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Curriculum and Instruction, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA

    Sylvia C. Nassar-McMillan

  2. Department of Sociology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA

    Kristine J. Ajrouch

  3. Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada

    Julie Hakim-Larson

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Kira, I.A., Amer, M.M., Wrobel, N.H. (2014). Arab Refugees: Trauma, Resilience, and Recovery. In: Nassar-McMillan, S., Ajrouch, K., Hakim-Larson, J. (eds) Biopsychosocial Perspectives on Arab Americans. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8238-3_9

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