Abstract
The history of Agrobacterium-related plant biotechnology goes back for more than three decades with the discovery of molecular mechanisms of crown gall disease in plants. After 1980s, gene technologies began developing rapidly and today, related with the improved gene transfer methods, plant biotechnology has become one of the most important branches in science. Till now, the most important genes related with agricultural affairs have been utilized for cloning of plants with the deployment of different techniques used in genetic engineering. Especially, Agrobacterium tumefaciens was used extensively for transferring desired genetic materials to plants rapidly and effectively by the researchers to create transgenic plants. Recognition of the biology of Agrobacterium species and newly developed applications of their T-DNA systems has been a great step in plant biotechnology. This chapter provides the reader with extensive information on A. rhizogenes which is responsible for the development of hairy root disease in a wide range of dicotyledonous plants and its T-DNA system. This knowledge will be useful in improving utilization of crops and the formulation of new and up-graded transgenic based food products.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Aarrouf J, Castro-Quezada P, Mallard S, Caromel B, Lizzi Y, Lefebvre V (2012) Agrobacterium rhizogenes-dependent production of transformed roots from foliar explants of pepper (Capsicum annuum): a new and efficient tool for functional analysis of genes. Plant Cell Rep 31:391–401
Abarca-Grau AM, Penyalver R, Lopez MM, Marco-Noales E (2011) Pathogenic and non-pathogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens, A. rhizogenes and A. vitis strains form biofilms on abiotic as well as on root surfaces. Plant Pathol 60:416–425
Abd El-Mawla AMA (2010) Effect of certain elicitors on production of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in hairy root cultures of Echium rauwolfii. Pharmazie 65:224–226
Ackermann C (1977) Pflanzen aus Agrobacterium rhizogenes tumoren and Nicotiana tabacum. Plant Sci Lett 8:23–30
Akasaka Y, Mii M, Daimon H (1998) Morphological alterations and root nodule formation in Agrobacterium rihzogenes-mediated transgenic hairy roots of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Ann Bot 81:355–362
Akutsu M, Ishizaki T, Sato H (2004) Transformation of the monocot Alstroemeria by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Mol Breeding 13:69–78
Alpizar E, Dechamp E, Espeout S, Royer M, Lecouls AC, Nicole M, Bertrand B, Lashermes P, Etienne H (2006) Efficient production of Agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed roots and composite plants for studying gene expression in coffee roots. Plant Cell Rep 25:959–967
Altamura MM, Tomassi M (1998) Auxin, photoperiod and putrescine affect flower eoformation in normal and rolB-transformed tobacco thin cell layers. Plant Physiol Biochem 36:441–448
Andarwulan N, Shetty K (1999) Phenolic synthesis in differentiated tissue cultures of untransformed and Agrobacterium-transformed roots of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). J Agric Food Chem 47:1776–1780
Aoki S, Syono K (1999) Short communication synergistic function of rolB, rolC, ORF13 and ORF14 of TL-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes in hairy root induction in Nicotiana tabacum. Plant Cell Physiol 40(2):252–256
Arican E, Bajrovic K, Gozukirmizi N (1998) Effects of naphthalene acetic acid on transformation frequency of potato and tobacco via Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Biotechnol Biotec Eq 12(1):29–33
Ayadi R, Tremouillaux-Guiller J (2003) Root formation from transgenic calli of Ginkgo biloba. Tree Physiol 23:713–718
Ayala-Silva T, Bey CA, Dortch G (2007) Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation of Asimina triloba L. cuttings. Pak J Biol Sci 10:132–136
Azlan GJ, Marziah M, Radzali M, Johari (2002) Establishment of Physalis minima hairy roots culture for the production of physalins. Plant Cell Tiss Org 69:271–278
Bajrovic K, Arı Ş, Arıcan E, Kazan K, Gözükırmızı N (1995) Biotechnol Biotec Eq 1:29–32
Balandrin MF, Klocke JA, Wurtele ES, Bollinger WH (1985) Natural plant chemicals: sources of industrial and medicinal materials. Science 228:1154–1160
Bandyopadhyay M, Jha S, Tepfer D (2007) Changes in morphological phenotypes and withanolide composition of Ri-transformed roots of Withania somnifera. Plant Cell Rep 26:599–609
Banerjee S, Zehra M, Gupta MM, Kumar S (1997) Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation of Artemisia annua -production of transgenic plants. Planta Med 63:467–469
Bellincampi D, Cardarelli M, Zaghi D, Serino G, Salvi G, Gatz C, Cervone F, Altamura MM, Constantino P, De-Lorenzo G (1996) Oligogalacturonides prevent rhizogenesis in rolB transformed tobacco explants by inhibiting auxin-induced expression of the rolB gene. Plant Cell 8:477–487
Bell RL, Scorza R, Srinivasan C, Webb K (1999) Transformation of ‘Beurre Bosc’ pear with the rolC gene. J Arner Soc Hort Sci 124:570–574
Bensaddek L, Villarreal ML, Fliniaux MA (2008) Induction and growth of hairy roots for the production of medicinal compounds. Electron J Integr Biosci 3(1):2–9
Berlin J, Ruegenhagen C, Dietze P, Fecker LF, Goddijn OJM, Hoge JHC (1993) Increased production of seratonin by suspension and root cultures of Peganum harmala transformed with a tryptophan decarboxylase cDNA clone from Cathranthus roseus. Transgenic Res 2:336–344
Bettini P, Michelotti S, Bindi D, Giannini R, Capuana M, Buiatti M (2003) Pleiotropic effect of the insertion of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolD gene in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Theor Appl Genet 107:831–836
Binns AN, Costantino P (1998) The Agrobacterium oncogenes. In: Spaink HP, Kondorosi A, Hooykaas PJ (eds) The Rhizobiaceae: molecular biology of model plant-associated bacteria. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 251–266
Binns AN, Chen RH, Wood HN, Lynn DG (1987) Cell division promoting activity of naturally occurring dehydrodiconiferyl glucosides: do cell wall components control cell division? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:980–984
Birch RG (1997) Plant transformation: problems and strategies for practical application. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 48:297–326
Block M (1993) The cell biology of plant transformation: current state, problems, prospects and the implications for the plant breeding. Euphytica 71(1–2):1–14
Bonhomme V, Laurain-Mattar D, Lacoux J, Fliniaux MA, Jacquin-Dubreuil A (2000) Tropane alkaloid production by hairy roots of Atropa belladonna obtained after transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing rolA, B, C genes only. J Biotech 81(2–3):151–158
Bosselut N, Van Ghelder C, Claverie M, Voisin R, Onesto JP, Rosso MN, Esmenjaud D (2011) Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of Prunus as an alternative for gene functional analysis in hairy-roots and composite plants. Plant Cell Rep 30(7):1313–1326
Bouchez D, Camilleri C (1990) Identification of a putative rolB gene on the TR-DNA of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 Ri plasmid. Plant Mol Biol 14:617–619
Boulter ME, Croy E, Simpson P, Shields R, Croy RRD, Shirsat AH (1990) Transformation of Brassica napus L. (oilseed rape) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes- a comparison. Plant Sci 70:91–99
Brevet J, Tempe J (1988) Homology mapping of T-DNA regions on three Agrobacterium rhizogenes Ri plasmids by electron microscope heteroduplexstudies. Plasmid 19:75–83
Brillanceau MH, David C, Tempe J (1989) Genetic transformation of Catharanthus roseus G. Don by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Plant Cell Rep 8:63–66
Britton MT, Escobar MA, Dandekar M (2008) The oncogenes of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes. In: Tzfira T, Citovsky V (eds) Agrobacterium: from biology to biotechnology. Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 525–563
Broothaerts W, Mitchell HJ, Weir B, Kaines S, Smith LMA, Yang WM, Jorge E, Roa-rodriguez CJ, Richard A (2005) Gene transfer to plants by diverse species of bacteria. Nature 433:629–633
Bulgakov VP (2008) Functions of rol genes in plant secondary metabolism. Biotechnol Adv 26:318–324
Bulgakov VP, Khodakovskaya MV, Labetskaya NV, Tchernoded GK, Zhuravlev YN (1998) The impact of plant rolC oncogene on ginsenoside production by ginseng hairy root cultures. Phytochemistry 49:1929–1934
Bulgakov VP, Tchernoded GK, Mischenko NP, Khodakovskaya MV, Glazunov VP, Zvereva EV, Fedoreyev SA, Zhuravlev YN (2002a) Effect of salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, ethephon and cantharidin on anthraquinone production by Rubia cordifolia callus cultures transformed with the rolB and rolC genes. J Biotechnol 97:213–221
Bulgakov VP, Kusaykin M, Tchernoded GK, Zvyagintseva TN, Zhuravlev YN (2002b) Carbohydrase activities of the rolC-gene transformed and non-transformed ginseng cultures. Fitoterapia 73:638–643
Bulgakov VP, Tchernoded GK, Mischenko NP, Shkryl YN, Fedoreyev SA, Zhuravlev YN (2004) The rolB and rolC genes activate synthesis of anthraquinones in Rubia cordifolia cells by mechanism independent of octadecanoid signaling pathway. Plant Sci 166:1069–1075
Caboni E, Lauri P, Tonelli M, Falasca G, Damiano C (1996) Root induction by Agrobacterium rhizogenes in walnut. Plant Sci 118:203–208
Cabrera-Ponce JL, Vegas-Garcia A, Herrera-Estrella L (1996) Regeneration of transgenic papaya plants via somatic embryogenesis induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 32:86–90
Cai G, Li G, Ye H (1995) Hairy root culture of Artemisia annua L. by Ri plasmid transformation and biosynthesis of artemisinin. Chinese J Biotechnol 11(4):227–235
Camilleri C, Jouanin L (1991) The TR-DNA region carrying the auxin synthesis genes of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes agropine type plasmid pRiA4: nucleotide sequence analysis and introduction into tobacco plants. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 4:155–162
Capone IL, Spano L, Cardarelli M, Bellincampi D, Petit A, Constantino P (1989) Induction and growth properties of carrot roots with different complements of Agrobacterium rhizogenes T-DNA genes. Plant Mol Biol 13:43–52
Cardarelli M, Spanò L, De Paolis A, Mauro ML, Vitali G, Costantino P (1985) Identification of the genetic locus responsible for non-polar root induction by Agrobacterium rhizogenes 1855. Plant Mol Biol 5:385–391
Cardarelli M, Mariotti D, Pomponi M, Spano L, Capone I, Costantino P (1987a) Agrobacterium rhizogenes T-DNA genes capable of inducing hairy root phenotype. Mol Gen Genet 209(3):475–480
Cardarelli M, Spano L, Mariotti D, Mauro ML, Van Sluys MA, Costantino P (1987b) The role of auxin in hairy root induction. Mol Gen Genet 208:457–463
Casanova E, Zuker A, Trillas MI, Moysset L, Vainstein A (2003) The rolC gene in carnation exhibits cytokinin- and auxin-like activities. Sci Hortic 97:321–331
Casanova E, Valdes AE, Zuker A, Fernandez B, Vainstein A, Trillas MI, Moysset L (2004) rolC-transgenic carnation plants: adventitious organogenesis and levels of endogenous auxin and cytokinins. Plant Sci 167(3):551–560
Census (2012) The official website of U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau-World POPClock Projection. http://www.census.gov. Accessed: 25. May 2011
Chandra S (2012) Natural plant genetic engineer Agrobacterium rhizogenes: role of T-DNA in plant secondary metabolism. Biotechnol Lett 34(3):407–415
Charlwood BV, Charlwood KA (1991) Terpenoid production in plant cell culture. In: Harborne JB, Tomas-Barberan FE (eds) Ecological chemistry and biochemistry of plant terpenoids. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp 95–132
Chattopadhyay T, Roy S, Mitra A, Maiti MK (2011) Development of a transgenic hairy root system in jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) with GUSA reporter gene through Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated co-transformation. Plant Cell Rep 30(4):485–493
Chaudhuri KN, Ghosh B, Tepfer D, Jha S (2006) Spontaneous plant regeneration in transformed roots and calli from Tylophora indica: changes in morphological phenotype and tylophorine accumulation associated with transformation by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Plant Cell Rep 25(10):1059–1066
Chavarri M, GarcÍa AV, Zambrano AY, Gutiérrez Z, Demey JR (2010) Insertion of Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB gene in Mango. Interciencia 35(7):521–525
Chavez-Vela NA, Chavez-Ortiz LI, Perez-Molphe Balch E (2003) Genetic transformation of sour orange using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Agrociencia 37:629–639
Cheng M, His DCH, Philips GC (1992) In vitro regeneration of Valencia type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) from cultured petioles, epicotyl, sections and other seedling explants. Peanut Sci 19:82–87
Chilton MD, Tepfer D, Petit A, David C, Delbart C-F, Tempt J (1982) Agrobacterium rhizogenes inserts T-DNA into the genomes of the host plant root cells. Nature 295:432–434
Cho HJ, Wildholm JM (2002) Improved shoot regeneration protocol for hairy roots of the legume Astragalus sinicus. Plant Cell Tiss Org 69:259–269
Cho H-J, Widholm JM, Tanaka N, Nakanishi Y, Murooka Y (1998) Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation and regeneration of the legume Astragalus sinicus (Chinese milk vetch). Plant Sci 138:53–65
Christensen B, Sriskandarajah S, Serek M, Müller R (2008) Transformation of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana with rol-genes is useful in molecular breeding towards compact growth. Plant Cell Rep 27:1485–1495
Christey MC (2001) Use of Ri-mediated transformation for production of transgenic plants. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 37:687–700
Christey MC, Braun RH (2001) Transgenic vegetable and forage Brassica species: rape, kale, turnip and rutabaga (Swede). In: Bajaj YPS (ed) Biotechnology in agriculture and forestry, Transgenic crops II 47:87–101
Christey MC, Braun RH, Reader JK (1999) Field performance of transgenic vegetable brassicas (Brassica oleracea and B. rapa) transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Sabrao J Breed Genet 31:93–108
Christey MC, Sinclair BK (1992) Regeneration of trasgenic kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephal), rap (B. napus) and turnip (B. campestris var rapifera) plants via Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation. Plant Sci 87:161–169
Christey MC, Sinclair BK, Braun RH, Wyke L (1997) Regeneration of transgenic vegetable brassicas (Brassica oleracea and B. campestris) via Ri-mediated transformation. Plant Cell Rep 16:587–593
Christie PJ, Ward JE, Winans SC, Nester EW (1988) The Agrobacterium tumefaciens virE2 gene product is a single-stranded- DNA-binding protein that associates with T-DNA. J Bacteriol 170:2659–2667
Christou P (1997) Biotechnology applied to grain legumes. Field Crop Res 53:83–97
Chuck G, Lincoln C, Hake S (1996) KNAT1 induces lobed leaves with ectopic meritems when overexpressed in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 8:1277–1289
Citovsky V, Zupan J, Warnick D, Zambryski P (1992) Nuclear localization of Agrobacterium VirE2 protein in plant cells. Science 256:1802–1805
Collier R, Fuchs B, Walter N, Kevin LW, Taylor CG (2005) Ex vitro composite plants: an inexpensive, rapid method for root biology. Plant J 43:449–457
Comai L, Kosuge T (1982) Cloning and characterization of iaaM, a virulence determinant of Pseudomonas savastanoi. J Bacteriol 149:40–46
Conn HJ (1942) Validity of the genus Alcaligenes. J Bacteriol 44:353–360
Costantion P, Spano L, Pomponi M, Benevuto E, Ancora G (1984) The T-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes is transmitted through meiosis to the progeny of hairy root plants. J Mol Appl Genet 2(5):465–470
Costantino P, Capone I, Cardarelli M, De-Paolis A, Mauro ML, Trovato M (1994) Bacterial plant oncogenes: the rol genes’ saga. Genetica 94:203–211
Daimon H, Mii M (1995) Plant regeneration and thiophene production in hairy root cultures of Rudbeckia hirta L. used as an antagonistic plant to nematodes. Jpn J Crop Sci 64:650–655
Damiani F, Aricioni S (1991) Transformation of Medicago arborea L. with Agrobacterium rhizogenes binary vector carrying the hygromycin resistance genes. Plant Cell Rep 10:300–303
Davey MR, Mulligan BJ, Gartland KMA, Peel E, Sargent AW, Morgan AJ (1987) Transformation of Solanum and Nicotiana species using an Ri plasmid vector. J Exp Bot 38:1507–1516
David C, Chilton MD, Tempe J (1984) Conservation of T-DNA in plants regenerated from hairy root cultures. Biotech 2:73–76
Davioud E, Petit A, Tate ME, Ryder MH, Tempe J (1988) Cucumopine-a new T-DNA-encoded opine in hairy root and crown gall. Phytochemistry 27(8):2429–2433
De Paolis A, Mauro ML, Pompon M, Cardarelli M, Spano L, Costantino P (1985) Localization of agropine synthesizing functions in the TR region of the root inducing plasmid of Agrobacterium rhizogenes 1855. Plasmid 13:1–7
Dehio C, Grossmann K, Schell J, Schmülling T (1993) Phenotype and hormonal status of transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the rolA gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes T-DNA. Plant Mol Biol 23(6):1199–1210
Dehio C, Schell J (1993) Stable expression of a single-copy rolA gene in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants allows an exhaustive mutagenic analysis of the transgene-associated phenotype. Mol Gen Genet 241:359–366
Delbarre A, Muller P, Imhoff V, Barbier-Brygoo H, Maurel C, Leblanc N, Perrot-Rechenmann C, Guern J (1994) The rolB Gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes does not increase the auxin sensitivity of tobacco protoplasts by modifying the intracellular auxin concentration. Plant Physiol 105:563–569
Dessaux Y, Petit A, Tempe J (1992) Opines in Agrobacterium biology. In: Verma DPS (ed) Molecular signals in plant-microbe communications. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 109–136
Diaz CL, Melchers LS, Hooykaas PJJ, Lugtenberg BJJ, Kijne JW (1989) Root lectin as a determinant of host-plant specificity in the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. Nature 338:579–581
Díaz Cl, Spaink HP, Kijne JW (2000) Heterologous rhizobial lipchitin oligosaccharides and chitin oligomers induce cortical cell divisions in red clover roots, transformed with the pea lectin gene. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 13:268–276
Diouf D, Gherbi H, Prin Y, Franche C, Duhoux E, Bogusz D (1995) Hairy root nodulation of Casuarina glauca: a system for the study of symbiotic gene expression in an actinorhizal tree. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 8:532–537
Dodueva IE (2007) A Study of expression of the genes involved in systemic control of cell division and differentiation in higher plants on the model of spontaneous tumorigenesis in inbred radish lines (Raphanus sativus var. radicula Pers.). Cand Sci (Biol) Dissertation, St. Petersburg: Gos. Univ
Dommisse EM, Leung DWM, Shaw ML, Conner AJ (1990) Onion is a monocotyledonous host for Agrobacterium. Plant Sci 69:249–257
Doran PM (2002) Properties and applications of hairy root cultures. In: Marja K, Caldentey KM, Barz W (eds) Plant biotechnology and transgenic plants. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, pp 1–20
Downs CG, Christey MC, Davies KM, King GA, Seelye JF, Sinclair BK, Stevenson DG (1994) Hairy roots of Brassica napus: II glutamine synthase over expression alters ammonia assimilation and the response to phosphinothricin. Plant Cell Rep 14:41–46
Drewes FE, Staden JV (1995) Initiation of and solasodine production in hairy root cultures of Solanum mauritianum. Scop Plant Growth Regul 17:27–31
Duckely M, Hohn B (2003) The VirE2 protein of Agrobacterium tumefaciens: the Yin and Yang of T-DNA transfer. FEMS Microbiol Lett 223:1–6
Durand-Tardif M, Broglie R, Slightom J, Tepfer D (1985) Structure and expression of Ri T-DNA from Agrobacterium rhizogenes in Nicotiana tabacum. J Mol Biol 186:557–564
Ephritikhine G, Barbier-Brygoo H, Muller JF, Guern J (1987) Auxin effect on the transmembrane potential difference of wild-type and mutant tobacco protoplasts exhibiting a differential sensitivity to auxin. Plant Physiol 83:801–804
Ercan AG, Taski KM, Turgut K, Yuce S (1999) Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root formation in some Rubia tinctorum L populations grown in Turkey. Turk J Bot 23:373–378
Estrada-Navarrete G, Alvarado-Affantranger X, Olivares JE, Diaz-Camino C, Santana O, Murillo E, Guillen G, Sanchez-Guevara N, Acosta J, Quinto C, Li DX, Gresshoff PM, Sanchez F (2006) Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation of the Phaseolus spp: a tool for functional genomics. Mol Plant Microb Interact 19:1385–1393
Estramareix C, Ratet P, Boulanger F, Richaud F (1986) Multiple mutations in the transferred regions of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes root-inducing plasmids. Plasmid 15:245–247
Estruch JJ, Chriqui D, Grossmann K, Schell J, Spena A (1991) The plant oncogene rolC is responsible for the release of cytokinins from glucoside conjugates. EMBO J 10:2889–2895
Faiss M, Strnad M, Redig P, Dolzak K, Hanus J, Van Onckelen H, Schmuelling T (1996) Chemically induced expression of the rol cencoded β-glucuronidase in transgenic tobacco plants and analysis of cytokinin metabolism: RolC does not hydrolyze endogenous cytokinin glucosides in planta. Plant J 10:33–46
Filetici P, Spano L, Costantino P (1987) Conserved regions in the T-DNA of different Agrobacterium rhizogenes root inducing plasmid. Plant Mol Biol 9:19–26
Filichkin SA, Gelvin SB (1993) Formation of a putative relaxation intermediate during T-DNA processing directed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens VirD1/D2 endonuclease. Mol Microbiol 8:915–926
Filippini F, Lo Schiavo F, Terzi M, Costantino P, Trovato M (1994) The plant oncogene rolB alters binding of auxin to plant cell membranes. Plant Cell Physiol 35:767–771
Filippini F, Rossi V, Marin O, Trovato M, Costantino P, Downey PM, Lo Schiavo F, Terzi M (1996) A plant oncogene as a phosphatase. Nature 379:499–500
Firoozabady E, Moy Y, Courtney-Gutterson N, Robinson K (1994) Regeneration of transgenic rose (Rosa hybrida) plants from embryogenic tissue. Bio/Technology 12:609–613
Fladung M (1990) Transformation of diploid and tetraploid potato clones with the rolC gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and the characterization of transgenic plants. Plant Breeding 104:295–304
Flores HE, Vivanco JM, Loyola-Vargas VM (1999) Radicle biochemistry: the biology of root-specific metabolism. Trends Plant Sci 4:220–226
Forde BG, Day HM, Turton JF, Shen WJ, Cullimore V, Oliver JE (1989) Two glutamine synthase genes from Phaseolus vulgaris L. display contrasting developmental and spatial patterns of expression in transgenic Lotus corniculatus plants. Plant Cell 1:391–401
Frundt C, Meyer AD, Ichikawa T, Meins FJ (1998) Evidence for the ancient transfer of Ri plasmid T-DNA genes between bacteria and plants. In: Syvanen M, Kado CI (eds) Horizontal gene transfer. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 94–106
Gartland JS (1995) Agrobacterium virulence. In: Gartland KMA, Davey MR (eds) Methods in molecular biology 44 Agrobacterium protocols. Humana Press, New Jersey
Gaudin V, Jouanin L (1995) Expression of Agrobacterium rhizogenes auxin biosynthesis genes in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Mol Biol 28:123–36
Gaudin V, Vrain T, Jouanin L (1994) Bacterial genes modifying hormonal balances in plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 32:11–29
Gelvin SB (1998) Agrobacterium VirE2 proteins can form a complex with T strands in the plant cytoplasm. J Bacteriol 180:4300–4302
Gelvin SB (2003) Improving plant genetic engineering by manipulating the host. Trends Biotechnol 21:95–98
Gelvin SB (2009) Agrobacterium in the genomics age. Plant Physiol 150:1665–1676
Gepts P (2002) A Comparison between crop domestication, classical plant breeding, and genetic engineering. Crop Sci 42:1780–1790
Giovannini A, Pecchioni N, Rabaglio M, Allavena A (1997) Characterization of ornamental datura plants transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 33:101–106
Giri A, Banerjee S, Ahuja PS, Giri CC (1997) Production of hairy roots in Aconitum heterophyllum wall using Agerobacterium rhizogenes. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 33:280–284
Giri A, Giri CC, Dhingra V, Narasu ML (2001) Enhanced podophyllotoxin production from Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformed cultures of Podophyllum hexandrum. Nat Prod Lett 15:229–235
Giri A, Narasu ML (2000) Research review paper transgenic hairy roots: recent trends and applications. Biotechnol Adv 18:1–22
Giri CC, Giri A (2007) Plant biotechnology. Practical Manual I International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, pp 69–76
Golds TJ, Lee JY, Husnain T, Ghose TK, Davey MR (1991) Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation of the forage legumes Medicago sativa and Onobrychis viciifolia. J Exp Bot 42:1147–1157
Gorpenchenko TY, Kiselev KV, Bulgakov VP, Tchernoded GK, Bragina EA, Khodakovskaya MV, Koren OG, Batygina TB, Zhuravlev YN (2006) The Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolC-gene induced somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis in Panax ginseng transformed calluses. Planta 22:3457–3467
Graham LA, Liou YC, Walker VK, Davies PL (Aug 1997) Hyperactive antifreeze protein from beetles. Nature 388(6644):727–728
Grant JE, Dommisse EM, Conner AJ (1991) Gene transfer to plants using Agrobacterium. In: Murray DR (ed) Advanced methods in plant breeding and biotechnology. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 50–73
Gutierrez-Pesce P, Taylor K, Muleo R, Rugini E (1998) Somatic embryogenesis and shoot regeneration from transgenic roots of the cherry root stock colt (Prunus avium, P. pseudocerasus) mediated by pRi 1855 T-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Plant Cell Rep 17:574–580
Guyon P, Chilton M-D, Petit A, Tempe J (1980) Agropine in “null-type” crown gall tumors: evidence for generality of the opine concept. Proc Natl Acad Sci 77:2693–2697
Guyon P, Petit A, Tempe J, Dessau Y (1993) Transformed plants producing opines specifically promote growth of opine-degrading agrobacteria. Mol Plant Microb Interact 6:92–98
Hamill JD, Robins RJ, Parr AJ, Evans PM, Furze JD, Rhodes MJC (1990) Over expressing a yeast ornithine decarboxylase gene in transgenic roots of Nicotiana rustica can lead to enhanced nicotine accumulation. Plant Mol Biol 15:27–38
Han KH, Keathley DE, Davis JM, Gordon MP (1993) Regeneration of a transgenic woody legume Robinia pseudoacacia L, (Black locust) and morphological alterations induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation. Plant Sci 88:149–57
Handa T (1992) Regneration and charaterization of prairie gentian (Eustoma grandiflorum) plants transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Plant Tiss Cult Lett 9:10–14.
Hansen G, Larribe M, Vaubert D, Tempe J, Biermann BJ, Montoya AL, Chilton MD, Brevet J (1991) Agrobacterium rhizogenes pRi8196 T-DNA: mapping and DNA sequence of functions involved in mannopine synthesis and hairy root differentiation (Ri plasmid). Proc Natl Acad Sci 88:7763–7767
Hansen G, Vaubert D, Heron JN, Clerot D, Tempe J, Brevet J (1993) Phenotypic effects of overexpression of Agrobacterium rhizogenes T-DNA ORF13 in transgenic tobacco plants are mediated by diffusible factor(s). Plant J 4:581–585
Hansen G, Das A, Chilton MD (1994a) Constitutive expression of the virulence genes improves the efficiency of plant transformation by Agrobacterium. Proc Nat Acad Sci 91:7603–7607
Hansen G, Vaubert D, Clerot D, Tempe J, Brevet J (1994b) A new open reading frame, encoding a putative regulatory protein, in Agrobacterium rhizogenes T-DNA. C R Acad Sci III 317:49–53
Hansen G, Vaubert D, Clerot D, Brevet J (1997) Wound-inducible and organ-specific expression of ORF13 from Agrobacterium rhizogenes 8196 T-DNA in transgenic tobacco plants. Mol Gen Genet 254(3):337–343.
Hasancebi S, Turgut Kara N, Cakir O, Ari S (2011) Micropropagation and root culture of Turkish endemic Astragalus chrysochlorus (Leguminosae). Turk J Bot 35:203–210
Hatamoto H, Boulter ME, Shirsat AH, Croy EJ, Ellis JR (1990) Recovery of morphologically normal transgenic tobacco from hairy roots co-transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes and a binary vector plasmid. Plant Cell Rep 9:88–92
Hatta M, Beyl CA, Garton S, Diner AM (1996) Induction of roots on jujube softwood cuttings using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. J Hortic Sci 71(6):881–886
Hauptmann RM, Ozias-Akins P, Vasil V, Tabaeizadeh Z, Rogers SG, Horsch RB, Vasil IK, Fraley RT (1987) Transient expression of electroporated DNA in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species. Plant Cell Rep 6(4):265–270
Henzi MX, Christey MC, McNeil DL, Davies KM (1999) Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of broccoli (Brasica oleracea L. var italica) with an antisense 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase gene. Plant Sci 143:55–62
Hernalsteens JP, Bytebier B, Van Montagu M (1993) Transgenic asparagus. In: Kung SD, Wu R (eds) Transgenic plants, present status and social and economic impacts, vol 2. San Diego, Academic Press pp 35–46
Hiei Y, Ohta S, Komari T, Kumashiro T (1994) Efficient transformation of rice (Oryza sativa L) mediated by Agrobacterium and sequence analysis of the boundaries of the T-DNA. Plant J 6:271–282
Hildebrand E (1934) Life history of the hairy-root organism in relation to its pathogenesis on nursery apple trees. J Agric Res 48:857–885
Hirotaka K, Hiroshi K (2003) Gene silencing by expression of hairpin RNA in Lotus japonicus roots and root nodules. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 16:663–668
Hodges LD, Cuperus J, Ream W (2004) Agrobacterium rhizogenes GALLS protein substitutes for Agrobacterium tumefaciens single- stranded DNA-binding protein VirE2. J Bacteriol 186:3065–3007
Hodges LD, Vergunst AC, Neal-McKinney J, den Dulk-Ras A, Moyer DM, Hooykaas PJ, Ream W (2006) Agrobacterium rhizogenes GALLS protein contains domains for ATP binding, nuclear localization, and type IV secretion. J Bacteriol 188:8222–8230
Holefors A, Xue ZT, Welander M (1998) Transformation of the apple rootstock M26 with the rolA gene and its influence on growth. Plant Sci 136:69–78
Hong S-B, Hwang I, Dessaux Y, Guyon P, Kim K-S, Farrand SK (1997) A T-DNA gene required for agropine biosynthesis by transformed plants is functionally and evolutionarily related to a Ti plasmid gene required for catabolism of agropine by Agrobacterium strains. J Bacteriol 179:4831–4840
Hong SB, Peebles CA, Shanks JV, San KY, Gibson SI (2006) Terpenoid indole alkaloid production by Catharanthus roseus hairy roots induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring rolABC genes. Biotechnol Bioeng 93:386–390
Hoshino Y, Mii M (1998) Bialaphos stimulates shoot regeneration from hairy roots of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.) transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Plant Cell Rep 17:256–261
Hosokawa K, Matsuki R, Oikawa Y, Yamamura S (1997) Genetic transformation of gentian using wild-type Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 51:137–140
Hosoki T, Shiraishi K, Kigo T, Ando M (1989) Transformation and regeneration of ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala DC) mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Sci Hort 40:259–266
Hu ZB, Du M (2006) Hairy root and its application in plant genetic engineering. J Int Plant Biol 48:121–127
Huffman GA, White FF, Gordon MP, Nester EW (1984) Hairy-root-inducing plasmid: physical map and homology to tumor-inducing plasmids. J Bacteriol 157:269–276
Hwang CF, Bhakta AV, Truesdell GM, Pudlo WM, Williamson VM (2000) Evidence for a role of the N terminus and leucine-rich repeat region of the Mi gene product in regulation of localized cell death. Plant Cell 12:1319–1329
Inze D, Follin A, Van Lijsebettens M, Simoens C, Genetello C, Van Montagu M, Schell J (1984) Genetic analysis of the individual T-DNA genes of Agrobacterium tumefaciens; further evidence that two genes are involved in indole-3-acetic acid synthesis. Mol Gen Genet 194:265–274
Ishizaki T, Hoshino Y, Masuda K, Oosawa K (2002) Explants of Ri-transformed hairy roots of spinach can develop embryogenic calli in the absence of gibberellic acid, an essential growth regulator for induction of embryogenesis from nontransformed roots. Plant Sci 163:223–231
Isogai A, Fukuchi N, Hayashi M, Kamada H, Harada H, Suzuki A (1988) Structure of a new opine, mikimopine, in hairy root induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Agric Bio and Chem 52:3235–3237
Jacobs M, Rubery PH (1988) Naturally occurring auxin transport regulators. Science 241:346–349
James C (2006) Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2006. ISAAA Briefs No. 35. ISAAA (International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications). Ithaca, New York
Jouanin L (1984) Restriction map of an agropine-type Ri plasmid and its homologies to Ti plasmids. Plasmid 12:91–102
Jouanin L, Guerche P, Pamboukdjian N, Tourneur C, Casse Delbart F, Tourneur J (1987a) Structure of T-DNA in plants regenerated from roots transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4. Mol Gen Genet 206(3):387–392
Jouanin L, Vilaine F, Tourneur J, Tourneur C, Pautot V, Muller JF, Caboche M (1987b) Transfer of a 4.3-kb fragment of the TL-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4 confers the pRi-transformed phenotype to regenerated tobacco plants. Plant Sci 53:53–63
Kärkönen A, Koutaniemi S, Mustonen M, Syrjänen K, Brunow G, Kilpeläinen I, Teeri TH, Simola LK (2002) Lignification related enzymes in Picea abies suspension cultures. Physiol Plant 114:343–353
Keil M (2002) Fine chemicals from plants. In: Marja K, Caldentey KM, Barz W (eds) Plant biotechnology and transgenic plants. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, pp 1–20
Keller CP, Van Volkenburgh E (1998) Evidence that auxin-induced growth of tobacco leaf tissues does not involve cell wall acidification. Plant Physiol 118:557–564
Kersters K, De Ley J (1984) Genus III Agrobacterium Conn 1942 In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol 1. In: Krieg NR, Holt JG (eds) Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, pp 244–254
Kifle S, Shao M, Jung C, Cai D (1999) An improved transformation protocol for studying gene expression in hairy roots of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L). Plant Cell Rep 18:514–519
Kim YJ, Weathers PJ, Wyslouzil BE (2002) The growth of Artemisia annua hairy roots in liquid and gas phase reactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 80:454–464
Kim YK, Hui X, Park WT, Park NI, Young LS, Park SU (2010) Genetic transformation of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.) with Agrobacterium rhizogenes and production of rutin in transformed root cultures. Aust J Crop Sci 4(7):485–490
Kiselev KV, Dubrovina AS, Veselova MV, Bulgakov VP, Fedoreyev SA, Zhuravlev YN (2007) The rolB gene-induced overproduction of resveratrol in Vitis amurensis transformed cells. J Biotechnol 128:681–692
Kiyokawa S, Kobayashi K, Kikuchi Y, Kamada H, Harada H (1994) Root-inducing of mikimopine type Ri plasmid pRi1724. Plant Physiol 104:801–802
Kiyokawa S, Kikuchi Y, Kamada H, Harada H (1996) Genetic transformation of Begonia tuberhybrida by Ri rol genes. Plant Cell Rep 15:606–609
Klee HJ, Horsch RB, Hinchee MA, Hein MB, Hoffmann NL (1987) The effect of over production of two Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA auxin biosynthetic gene products in transgenic Petunia plants. Genes Dev 1:86–89
Koltunow AM, Johnson SD, Lynch M, Yoshihara T, Costantino P (2001) Expression of rolB in apomictic Hieracium piloselloides Vill. causes ectopic meristems in planta and changes in ovule formation, where apomixis initiates at higher frequency. Planta 214:196–205
Krolicka A, Staniszewska II, Bielawski K, Malinski E, Szafranek J, Lojkowska E (2001) Establishment of hairy root cultures of Ammi majus. Plant Sci 160:259–264
Kuiper HA, Kleter GA, Noteborn HPJM, Kok EJ (2001) Assessment of the food safety issues related to genetically modified foods. The Plant J 27(6):503–528
Kumar V, Sharma A, Prasad BCN, Gururaj HB, Ravishankar GA (2006) Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated genetic transformation resulting in hairy root formation is enhanced by ultrasonication and acetosyringone treatment. Electron J Biotech 9(4):349–357
Lahners K, Byrne MC, Chilton MD (1984) T-DNA fragments of hairy root plasmid pRi8196 are distantly related to octopine and nopaline Ti plasmid T-DNA. Plasmid 11:130–140
Lambert C, Tepfer D (1992) Use of Agrobacterium rhizogenes to create transgenic apple trees having an altered organogenic response to hormones. Theor Appl Genet 85:105–109
Lan XZ, Quan H (2010) Hairy root culture of Przewalskia tangutica for enhanced production of pharmaceutical tropane alkaloids. J Med Plants Res 4:1477–1481
Leach F, Aoyagi K (1991) Promoter analysis of the highly expressed rolC and rolD root-inducing genes of Agrobacterium rhizogenes: enhancer and tissue-specific DNA determinants are dissociated. Plant Sci 79:69–76
Lee NG, Stein B, Suzuki H, Verma DPS (1993) Expression of antisense nodulin-35 RNA in Vigna aconitifolia transgenic root nodules retards peroxisome development and affects nitrogen availability to the plant. Plant J 3:599–606
Lee S, Blackhall NW, Power JB, Cocking EC, Tepfer D, Davey MR (2001) Genetic and morphological transformation of rice with the rolA gene from the Ri TL-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Plant Sci 161:917–925
Lemcke K, Schmulling T (1998) Gain of function assays identify non-rol genes from Agrobacterium rhizogenes TL-DNA that alter plant morphogenesis or hormone sensitivity. Plant J 15(3):423–433
Lemcke K, Prinsen E, Van Onckelen H, Schmülling T (2000) The ORF8 gene product of Agrobacterium rhizogenes TL-DNA has tryptophan 2-monooxygenase activity. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 13:787–790
Lessard PA, Kulaveerasingam H, York GM, Strong A, Sinskey AJ (2002) Manipulating gene expression for the metabolic engineering of plants. Metab Eng 4:67–79
Levesque H, Delepelaire P, Rouze P, Slightom J, Tepfer D (1988) Common evolutionary origin of the central portions of the Ri TL-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and the Ti TL-DNAs of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Plant Mol Biol 11:731–744
Li N, Huxtable S, Yang SF, Kung SD (1996) Effects of N-terminal deletions on 1-minocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase activity. FEBS Lett 378:286–290
Li D, Zhang Y, Hu X, Shen X, Ma L, Su Z, Wang T, Dong J (2011) Transcriptional profiling of Medicago truncatula under salt stress identified a novel CBF transcription factor MtCBF4 that plays an important role in abiotic stress responses. BMC Plant Biology 11:109–138
Limami A, Sun LY, Douat C, Helgeson J, Tepfer D (1998) Natural genetic transformation by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Plant Physiol 118:543–550
Lin HW, Kwok KH, Doran PM (2003) Production of podophyllotoxin using cross-species coculture of Linum flavum hairy roots and Podophyllum hexandrum cell suspensions. Biotechnol Bioeng 19:1417–1426
Lorence A, Medina-Bolivar F, Nessler CL (2004) Camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin from Camptotheca acuminata hairy roots. Plant Cell Rep 22:437–441
Luczkiewicz M, Kokotkiewicz A (2005) Genista tinctoria hairy root cultures for selective production of isoliquiritigenin. Z Naturforsch 60c:867–875
MacRae S, Van Staden J (1993) Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation to improve rooting ability of eucalypts. Tree Physiol 12:411–418
Manners JM, Way H (1989) Efficient transformation with regeneration of the tropical pasture legume Stylosanthes humilis using Agrobacterium rhizogenes and a Ti plasmid-binary vector system. Plant Cell Rep 8:341–345
Martin-Tanguy J (2001) Metabolism and function of polyamines in plants: recent development (new approaches). Plant Growth Regul 34:135–148
Martin-Tanguy J, Sun LY, Burtin D, Vernoy R, Rossin N, Tepfer D (1996) Attenuation of the phenotype caused by the root-inducing, left-hand, transferred DNA and its rolA gene. Plant Physiol 111:259–267
Matsumoto K, Cabral GB, Teixeira JB, Monte DC (2009) Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression system in banana immature fruits. Afr J Biotechnol 8(17):4039–4042
Maurel C, Barbier-Brygoo H, Spena A, Tempe J, Guern J (1991) Single rol genes from the Agrobacterium rhizogenes TL-DNA alter some of the cellular responses to auxin in Nicotiana tabacum. Plant Physiol 97(1):212–216
Maurel C, Leblanc N, Barbier-Brygoo H, Perrot-Rechenmann C, Bouvier-Durand M, Guern J (1994) Alterations of auxin perception in rolB-transformed tobacco protoplasts (time course of rolB mRNA expression and increase in auxin sensitivity reveal multiple control by auxin). Plant Physiol 105:1209–1215
Mauro ML, Trovato M, Paolis AD, Gallelli A, Costantino P, Altamura MM (1996) The plant oncogene rolD stimulates flowering in transgenic tobacco plants. Dev Biol 180:693–700
Mayo O (1987) The theory of plant breeding, 2nd edn. Clarendon Press, Oxford
McCullen CA, Binns AN (2006) Agrobacterium tumefaciens and plant cell interactions and activities required for interkingdom macromolecular transfer. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 22:101–127
McInnes E, Morgan AJ, Mulligan BJ, Davey MR (1991) Phenotypic effects of isolated pRiA4 TL-DNA rol genes in the presence of intact TR-DNA in transgenic plants of Solanum dulcamara L. J Exp Bot 42(10):1279–1286
Medford J, Horgan R, El-Sawi Z, Klee HJ (1989) Alterations of endogenous cytokinins in transgenic plants using a chimeric isopentenyl transferase gene. Plant Cell 1:403–413
Medina-Bolivar F, Condori J, Rimando AM, Hubstenberger J, Shelton K, O’Keefe SF, Bennett S, Dolan MC (2007) Production and secretion of resveratrol in hairy root cultures of peanut. Phytochemistry 68:1992–2003
Mehrotra S, Kukreja AK, Kumar A, Khanuja SPS, Mishra BN (2008) Genetic transformation studies and scale up of hairy root culture of Glycyrrhiza glabra in bioreactor. Electron J Biotech 11(2):15
Messner B, Boll M (1993) Elicitor-mediated induction of enzymes of ligninbiosynthesis and formation of lignin-like material in a cell suspension culture of spruce (Picea abies). Plant Cell Tiss Org 34:261–269
Meyer A, Tempe J, Costantino P (2000) Hairy root: a molecular overview functional analysis of Agrobacterium rhizogenes T-DNA genes. In: Stacey G, Keen N (eds) Plant-microbe interactions, vol 5. APS Press, Minnesota, pp 93–139
Miflin B (2000) Crop improvement in the 21st century. J Exp Biol 51(342):1–8
Mihaljevic S, Stipkovic S, Jelaska S (1996) Increase of root induction in Pinus nigra explants using Agrobacteria. Plant Cell Rep 15:610–614
Milly PCD, Dunne KA, Vecchia AV (2005) Global patterns of trends in streamflow and water availability in a changing climate. Nature 438:347–350
Mishra BN, Ranjan R (2008) Growth of hairy-root cultures in various bioreactors for the production of secondary metabolites. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 49:1–10
Momčilović I, Grubišić D, Kojić M, Nešković M (1997) Agrobacterium rhizogenes -mediated transformation and plant regeneration of four Gentiana species. Plant Cell Tiss Org Organ Cult 50(1):1–6
Morgan AJ, Cox PN, Turner DA, Peel E, Davey MR, Gartland KMA, Mulligan BJ (1987) Transformation of tomato using an Ri plasmid vector. Plant Sci 49:37–49
Moriguchi K, Maeda Y, Satou M, Hardayani NS, Kataoka M, Tanaka N, Yoshida K (2001) The complete nucleotide sequence of a plant root-inducing (Ri) plasmid indicates its chimeric structure and evolutionary relationship between tumor-inducing (Ti) and symbiotic (Sym) plasmids in Rhizobiaceae. J Mol Biol 307:771–784
Moritz T, Schmülling T (1998) The gibberellin content of rolA transgenic tobacco plants is specifically altered. J Plant Physiol 153:774–776
Moyano E, Fornalé S, Palazón J, Cusidó RM, Bonfill M, Morales C, Piñol MT (1999) Effect of Agrobacterium rhizogenes T-DNA on alkaloid production in Solanaceae plants. Phytochemistry 52(7):1287–1292
Mugnier AJ (1988) Establishment of new axenic hairy root lines by inoculation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Plant Cell Rep 7:9–12
Mugnier J (1997) Mycorrhizal interactions and the effects of fungicides, nematicides and herbicides on hairy root cultures. In: Doran PM (ed) Hairy roots: culture and applications. Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, pp 123–132
Murugesan S, Manoharan C, Vijayakumar R, Panneerselvam A (2010) Isolation and characterization of Agrobacterium rhizogenes from the root nodules of some leguminous. Intl J Microbiol Res 1(3):92–96
Nader BL, Taketa AT, Pereda-Miranda R, Villarreal ML (2006) Production of triterpenoids in liquid-cultivated hairy roots of Galphimia glauca. Planta Med 72:842–844
Nakamura T, Handa T, Oono Y, Kanaya K, Michikawa M, Uchimiya H (1988) Organ-specific mRNA in transgenic tobacco plants possessing T-DNA of Ri plasmids. Plant Sci 56:213–218
Nakano M, Hoshino Y, Mii M (1994) Regeneration of transgenic plants of grape vine (Vitis vinifera L.) via Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation of embryogenic calli. J Exp Bot 45(274):649–656
Nandakumar R, Suzanne LC, Rogers MD (2005) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the wetland monocot Typha latifolia L (Broadleaf cattail). Plant Cell Rep 23:744–750
Navarrete GE, Affantranger XAl, Olivares JE, Camino CD, Santana O, Murillo E, Guillen G, Guevara NS, Acosta J, Quinto C, Li D, Gresshoff PM, Sanchez F (2006) Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation of the phaseolus spp.: a tool for functional genomics. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 19(12):1385–1393
Nemoto K, Hara M, Suzuki M, Seki H, Oka A, Muranaka T, Mano Y (2009) Function of the aux and rol genes of the Ri plasmid in plant cell division in vitro. Plant Signal Behav 4(12):1145–1147
Nenz E, Pupilli F, Paolocci F, Damiani F, Cenci CA, Arcioni S (1996) Plant regeneration and genetic transformation of Lotus angustissimus. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 45:145–152
Nilsson O, Crozier A, Schmülling T, Sandberg G, Olsson O (1993a) Indole-3-acetic acid homeostasis in transgenic tobacco plants expressing the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB gene. Plant J 3:681–689
Nilsson O, Moritz T, Imbault N, Sandberg G, Olsson O (1993b) Hormonal characterization of transgenic tobacco plants expressing the rolC gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes TL-DNA. Plant Physiol 102:363–371
Nilsson O, Little CH, Sandberg G, Olsson O (1996a) Expression of two heterologous promoters, Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolC and cauliflower mosaic virus 35S, in the stem of transgenic hybrid aspen plants during the annual cycle of growth and dormancy. Plant Mol Biol 31:887–895
Nilsson O, Moritz T, Sundberg B, Sandberg G, Olsson O (1996b) Expression of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolC gene in a deciduous forest tree alters growth and development and leads to stem fasciation. Plant Physiol 112:493–502
Nilsson O, Olsson O (1997) Getting to the root: the role of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes in the formation of hairy roots. Physiol Plant 100:463–473
Noda T, Tanaka N, Mano Y, Nabeshima S, Ohkawa H, Matsui C (1987) Regeneration of horseradish hairy roots incited by Agrobacterium rhizogenes infection. Plant Cell Rep 6:283–286
Ohara A, Akasaka Y, Daimon H, Mii M (2000) Plant regeneration from hairy roots induced by infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes in Crotalaria juncea L. Plant Cell Rep 19:563–568
Oksman-Caldentey KM, KivelaÈ O, Hiltunen R (1991) Spontaneous shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration from hairy root cultures of Hyoscyamus muticus. Plant Sci 78:129–136
Olempska-Beer ZWS, Merker RI, Ditto MD, DiNovi MJ (2006) Food-processing enzymes from recombinant microorganisms-a review. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 45:144–158
Olhoft PM, Bernal LM, Grist LB, Hill DS, Mankin SL, Shen Y, Kalogerakis M, Wiley H, Toren E, Song H-S, Hillebrand H, Jones T (2007) A novel Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation method of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] using primary-node explants from seedlings. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 43:536–549
Ondrej M, Biskova R (1986) Differentiation of Petunia hybrida tissues transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Biol Plant 28:152–155
Ooms G, Twell D, Bossen ME, Hoge JHC, Burrell MM (1986) Developmental regulation of RI TL-DNA gene expression in roots, shoots and tubers of transformed potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Desiree). Plant Mol Biol 6:321–330
Oono Y, Kanaya K, Uchimiya H (1990) Early flowering in transgenic tobacco plants possessing the rolC gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes Ri plasmid. Jpn J Genet 68:7–16
Oono Y, Handa T, Kanaya K, Uchimiya H (1987) The TL-DNA gene of Ri plasmids responsible for dwarfness of tobacco plants. Jpn J Genet 62:501–505
Otani M, Mu M, Handa T, Kamada H, Shimada T (1993) Transformation of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatus (L.) Lam.) plants by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Plant Sci 94:151–159
Otten L, Helfer A (2001) Biological activity of the rolB-like 5ʹ end of the A4-ORF8 gene from the Agrobacterium rhizogenes TL -DNA. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 14:405–411
Ouartsi A, Clerot D, Meyer A, Dessaux Y, Brevet J, Bonfill M (2004) The T-DNA ORF8 of the cucumopine-type Agrobacterium rhizogenes Ri plasmid is involved in auxin response in transgenic tobacco. Plant Sci 166:557–567
Ozyigit II (2012) Agrobacterium tumefaciens and its use in plant biotechnology. In: Ashraf M, Ozturk M, Ahmad MSA, Aksoy A (eds) Crop production for agricultural improvement. Springer, The Netherlands, pp 317–361
Özcan S, Uranbey S, Sancak C, Parmaksiz İ, Gürel E, Babaoğlu M (2004) Agrobacterium aracılığıyla gen aktarımı. In: Özcan S, Gürel E, Babaoğlu M (eds) Bitki Biyoteknolojisi II (Plant biotechnology, II), Genetik Mühendisliği ve Uygulamaları (Genetic engineering and its applications), Cilt II, 2nd edn. SÜ Vakfi Yayınlari, Turkey, pp 112–159
Pal A., Swain SS, Mukherjee AK, Chand PK (2012) Agrobacterium pRi TL-DNA rolB and TR-DNA opine genes transferred to the spiny Amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus L.)—A nutraceutical crop. Food Technol Biotech (In press)
Palazon J, Cusido RM, Roig C, Pinol MT (1998) Expression of the rol gene and nicotine production in transgenic hairy roots and their regenerated plants. Plant Cell Rep 17:384–90
Park Nl, JK Kim, WT Park, JW Cho, YP Lim, SU Park (2011) An efficient protocol for genetic transformation of watercress (Nasturtium officinale) using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Mol Biol Rep 38:4947–4953
Pavingerova D, Ondrej M (1986) Comparison of hairy root and crown gall tumors of Arabidopsis thaliana. Biol Plant 28:149–151
Pellegrineschi A, Davolio-Mariani O (1996) Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of scented geranium. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 47:79–86
Pellegrineschi A, Damon JP, Valtorta N, Paillard N, Tepfer D (1994) Improvement of ornamental characters and fragrance production in lemon-scented geranium through genetic transformation by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Nat Biotechnol 12:64–68
Pérez-Molphe-Balch E, Ochoa-Alejo N (1998) Regeneration of transgenic plants of Mexican lime from Agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed tissues. Plant Cell Rep 17:591–596
Petersen SG, Stummann BM, Olesen P, Henningsen KW (1989) Structure and function of root-inducing (Ri) plasmids and their relation to tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmids. Physiol Plantarum 77:427–435
Petit A, David C, Dahl G, Ellis JG, Guyon P, Casse-Delbart FC, Tempe J (1983) Further extension of the opine concept: plasmids in Agrobacterium rhizogenes cooperate for opine degradation. Mol Gen Genet 19:204–214
Phelep M, Petit A, Martin L, Duhoux E, Tempe J (1991) Transformation and regeneration of a nitrogen-fixing tree, Allocasuarina verticillata Lam. Biotechnol 9:461–466
Popa G, Cornea C P, Brezeanu A (2006) Influence of different Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains on hairy roots induction in Eustoma grandiflorum. Roum Biotechnol Lett 11(1):2587–2592
Porter J (1991) Host range and implications of plant infection by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Crc Cr Rev Plant Sci 10:387–421
Pradel H, Dumke-Lehmann U, Dietrich B, Luckner M (1997) Hairy root cultures of Digitalis lanata. Secondary metabolism and plant regeneration. J Plant Physiol 151:209–215
Prinsen E, Bytebier B, Hernalsteens JP, De Greef J, Van Onckelen H (1990) Functional expression of Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA onc-genes in Asparagus crown gall tissues. Plant Cell Physiol 31:69–75
Prinsen E, Chriqui D, Vilaine F, Tepfer M, Van Onckelen H (1994) Endogenous phytohormones in tobacco plants transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes pRi TL-DNA genes. Plant Physiol 144:80–85
Putalun W, Udomsin O, Yusakul G, Juengwatanatrakul T, Sakamoto S, Tanaka H (2010) Enhanced plumbagin production from in vitro cultures of Drosera burmanii using elicitation. Biotechnol Lett 32:721–724
Quandt HJ, Pühler A, Broer I (1993) Transgenic root nodules of Vicia hirsuta a fast and efficient system for the study of gene expression in indeterminate-type nodules. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 6:699–706
Ramsay G, Kumar A (1990) Transformation of Vicia faba cotyledon and stem tissues Agrobacterium rhizogenes: infectivity and cytological studies. J Exp Bot 41:841–847
Rao AQ, Bakhsh A, Kiani S, Shahzad K, Shahid AA, Husnain T, Riazuddin S (2009) The myth of plant transformation. Biotechnol Adv 27:753–763
Rao SR, Ravishankar G (2002) Plant cell cultures: chemical factories of secondary metabolites. Biotechnol Adv 20:101–153
Ream W (2002) Agrobacterium genetics. In: Streips UN, Yasbin RE (eds) Modern Microbial Genetics, 2nd edn. Wille-Liss Inc., New York, pp 323–348
Rech EL, Golds TJ, Husnain T, Vainstein MH, Jones B, Hammat N, Mulligan BJ, Davey MR (1989) Expression of a chimaeric kanamycin resistance gene introduced into the wild soybean Glycine canescens using a cointegrate Ri plasmid vector. Plant Cell Rep 8:33–36
Remeeus PM, van Bezooijen J, Wijbrandi J, van Bezooijen J (1998) In vitro testing is a reliable way to screen the temperature sensitivity of resistant tomatoes against Meloidogyne incognita. In: Proceedings of 5th international symposium on crop protection, Universiteit Gent Belgium, vol 63, pp 635–640
Riker AJ, Banfield WM, Wright WH, Keitt GW (1930) Studies on infectious hairy root of nursery apple trees. J Agric Res 41:507–540
Rinallo C, Mittempergher L, Frugis G, Mariotti D (1999) Clonal propagation in the genus Ulmus: improvement of rooting ability by Agrobacterium rhizogenes T-DNA genes. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 74:502–506
Rossi L, Hohn B, Tinland B (1996) Integration of complete transferred DNA units is dependent on the activity of virulence E2 protein of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:126–130
Rugh CL (2001) Mercury detoxification with transgenic plants and other biotechnological breakthroughs for phytoremediation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 37:321–325
Rugini E, Mariotti D (1991) Agrobacterium rhizogenes T-DNA genes and rooting in woody species. Acta Hort 300:301–307
Rugini E, Pellegrineschi A, Mencuccini M, Mariotti D (1991) Increase of rooting ability in the woody species kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa A. Chev.) by transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes. Plant Cell Rep 10:291–295
Rugini E, Muganu M, Gutiérrez-Pesce P E, Lolletti D (1996) Comportamento vegeto-produttivo di alcune specie fruttifere transgeniche per il T-DNA e geni rol di Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Convegno SIGA, Workshop Organismi geneticamente modificati e resistenze genetiche, Bologna, pp 55–57
Ryder MH, Tate ME, Kerr A (1985) Virulence properties of strains of Agrobacterium on the apical and basal surfaces of carrot root discs. Plant Physiol 77:215–221
Saha P, Chakraborti D, Sarkar A, Dutta I, Basu D, Das S (2007) Characterization of vascularspecific RSs1 and rolC promoters for their utilization in engineering plants to develop resistance against hemipteran insect pests. Planta 226:429–442
Saito K, Yamazaki M, Anzai H, Yoneyama K, Murakoshi I (1992) Transgenic herbicide-resistant Atropa belladonna using an Ri plasmid vector and inheritance of the transgenic trait. Plant Cell Rep 11:219–224
Satheeshkumar K, Jose B, Sonia EV, Seeni S (2009) Isolation of morphovariants through plant regeneration in A. rhizogenes induced hairy root cultures of Plumbago rosea L. Indian J Biotechnol 8:435–441
Savka MA, Ravillion B, Noel GR, Farrand SK (1990) Induction of hairy roots on cultivated soybean genotypes and their use to propagate the soybean cyst nematode. Phytopathology 80(5):503–508.
Schmulling T, Schell J, Spena A (1988) Single genes from Agrobacterium rhizogenes influence plant development. EMBO J 7:2621–2629
Schmülling T, Fladung M, Grossmann K, Schell J (1993) Hormonal content and sensitivity of transgenic tobacco and potato plants expressing single rol genes of Agrobacterium rhizogenes T-DNA. Plant J 3:371–382
Schröder G, Waffenschmidt S, Weiler E, Schröder J (1984) The region of Ti plasmid codes for an enzyme synthesizing indole-3-acetic acid. Eur J Biochem 138:387–391
Scorza R, Zimmerman TW, Cordts JM, Footen KJ (1994) Horticultural characteristics of transgenic tobacco expressing the rolC gene from Agrobacterium. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 119(5):1091–1098
Sentoku N, Sato Y, Matsuoka M (2000) Overexpression of rice OSH genes induces ectopic shoots on leaf sheaths of transgenic rice plants. Dev Biol 220:358–364
Sevon N, Oksman-Caldentey KM (2002) Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation: root cultures as a source of alkaloids. Planta Med 68:859–868
Shahin EA, Sukhapinda K, Simpson RB, Spivey R (1986) Transformation of cultivated tomato by a binary vector in Agrobacterium rhizogenesis: transgenic plants with normal phenotypes harbor binary vector T-DNA but no Ri-plasmid T-DNA. Theor Appl Genet 72:770–777
Shen WH, Petit A, Guern J, Tempe J (1988) Hairy roots are more sensitive to auxin than normal roots. Proc Natl Acad Sci 85:3417–3421
Shen WH, Davioud E, David C, Barbier-Brygoo H, Tempe J, Guern J (1990) High sensitivity to auxin is a common feature of hairy root. Plant Physiol 94:554–560
Shin DI, Podila GK, Huang Y, Karnosky DF (1994) Transgenic larch expressing genes for herbicide and insect resistance. Can J For Res 4:2059–2067
Shinde AN, Malpathak N, Fulzele PD (2009) Enhanced production of phytoestrogenic isoflavones from hairy root cultures of Psoralea corylifolia L. using elicitation and precursor feding. Biotechnol Bioprocess E 14:288–294
Shkryl YN, Veremeichik GN, Bulgakov VP, Tchernoded GK, Mischenko NP, Fedoreyev SA, Zhuravlev YN (2008) Individual and combined effects of the rolA, B and C genes on anthraquinone production in Rubia cordifolia transformed calli. Biotechnol Bioeng 100(1):118–125
Shoja HM (2010) Contribution to the study of the Agrobacterium rhizogenes plast genes, rolB and rolC, and their homologs in Nicotiana tabacum. Universite de Strasbourg, France
Sinha N, Williams R, Hake S (1993) Overexpression of the maize homeobox gene, KNOTTED-1, causes a switch from determinate to indeterminate cell fates. Genes Dev 7:787–795
Sinkar V, Pythoud F, White F, Nester E, Gordon M (1988) rolA locus of the Ri plasmid directs developmental abnormalities in transgenic plants. Genes Dev 2:688–697
Slightom JL, Durand-Tardif M, Jouanin L, Tepfer D (1986) Nucleotide sequence analysis of TL-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes agropine type plasmid. J Biol Chem 261:108–121
Smigocki AC, Hammerschlag FA (1991) Regeneration of plants from peach embryo cells infected with a shooty mutant strain of Agrobacterium. J Amer Soc Hort Sci 116:1092–1097
Smulders M JM, Croes AF, Kemp A, Hese KM, Harren F, Wullems GJ (1991) Inhibition by ethylene of auxin promotion of flower bud formation in tobacco explants is absent in plants transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Plant Physiol 96:1131–1135
Spano L, Costantino P (1982) Regeneration of plants from callus cultures of roots induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes on tobacco. Z Pflanzenphysiol 106:87–92
Spano L, Mariotti D, Cardarelli M, Branca C, Costantino P (1988) Morphogenesis and auxin sensitivity of transgenic tobacco with different complements of Ri T-DNA. Plant Physiol 87(2):479–483
Specq A, Hansen G, Vaubert D, Clerot D, Heron JN, Tempe J, Brevet J (1994) Studies on hairy root T-DNA: regulation and properties of ORF13 from Agrobacterium rhizogenes 8196. In Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, Versailles, pp 465–468
Spena A, Schmulling T, Konct C, Schell JS (1987) Independent and synergistic activity of rolA, B and C loci in stimulating abnormal growth in plants. EMBO J 206(13):3891–3899
Spiral J, Thierry C, Paillard M, Petiard V. (1993) Obtention de plantules de Coffea canephora Pierre (Robusta) transformées par Agrobacterium rhizogenes. C R Acad Sci Hebd Seances Acad Sci 316:1–6
Sretenovic-Rajicic T, Ninkovi S, Miljus-Dukic J, Vinterhalter B, Vinterhalter D (2006) Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of Brassica oleracea var. sabauda and B. oleracea var. capitata. Biol Plant 50:525–530
Stieger PA, Meyer AD, Kathmann P, Fründt C, Niederhauser I, Barone M, Kuhlemeier C (2004) The orf13 T-DNA Gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes confers meristematic competence to differentiated cells. Plant Physiol 135(3):1798–1808
Stiller J, Nasinec V, Svoboda S, Nemcova B, Machackova T (1992) Effects of agrobacterial oncogenes in kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria L.). Plant Cell Rep 11:363–367
Stiller J, Martirani L, Tuppale S, Chian RJ, Chiurazzi M, Gresshoff PM (1997) High frequency transformation and regeneration of transgenic plants in the model legume Lotus japonicus. J Exp Bot 48:1357–1365
Stummer BE, Smith SE, Langridge P (1995) Genetic transformation of Verticordia grandis (Myrtaceae) using wild-type Agrobacterium rhizogenes and binary Agrobacterium vectors. Plant Sci 111:51–62
Sudha CG, Obul Reddy B, Ravishankar GA, Seeni S (2003) Production of ajmalicine and ajmaline in hairy root cultures of Rauvolfia micrantha Hookf, a rare and endemic medicinal plant. Biotechnol Lett 25:631–636
Suginuma C, Akihama T (1995) Transformation of gentian with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Acta Hort 392:153–160
Sun, L-Y, Monneuse M-O, Martin-Tanguy J, Tepfer D (1991) Changes in flowering and accumulation of polyamines and hydroxycinnamic acid-polyamine conjugates in tobacco plants transformed by the A locus from the Ri TL-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Plant Sci 80:145–146
Suzuki M (1989) SPXX, a frequent sequence motif in gene regulatory proteins. J Mol Biol 207:61–84
Suzuki H, Fowler T, Tierney M (1993) Deletion analysis and localization of SbPRP1, a soybean cell wall protein gene, in roots of transgenic tobacco and cowpea. Plant Mol Biol 21:109–119
Suzuki K, Tanaka N, Kamada H, Yamashita I (2001) Mikimopine synthase (mis) gene on pRi1724. Gene 263:49–58
Swain SS, Rout KK, Chand PK (2012) Production of Triterpenoid Anti-cancer Compound Taraxerol in Agrobacterium-Transformed Root Cultures of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L.). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 168(3):487–503
Talano MA, Agostini E, Medina MI, Reinoso H, Tordable Mdel C, Tigier HA, de Forchetti SM (2006) Changes in lignosuberization of cell walls of tomato hairy roots produced by salt treatment with the release of a basic peroxidase. J Plant Physiol 163:740–749
Tanaka N, Takao M, Matsumoto T (1994) Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated transformation and regeneration of Vinca minor L. Plant Tiss Cult Lett 11:191–198
Tanaka N, Fujikawa Y, Aly MAM, Saneoka H, Fujita K, Yamashita I (2001) Proliferation and rol gene expression in hairy root lines of Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.). Plant Cell Tiss Org 66:175–182
Tao R, Handa T, Tamura M, Sugiura A (1994) Genetic transformation of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) by Agrobacterium rhizogenes wild type strain A4. J Jap Soc Hort Sci 63:283–289
Taylor BH, Amasino RM, White EW, Gordon MP (1985) T-DNA analysis of plants regenerated from hairy root tumors. Mol Gen Genet 201: 554–557
Taylor NJ, Fauquet CM (2002) Microparticle bombardment as a tool in plant science and agricultural biotechnology. DNA and Cell Biol 21(12):963–977
Tempe J, Petit A, Farrand SK (1984) Induction of cell proliferation by Agrobacterium tumafaciens and A. rhizogenes: a parasite’s point of view D.P.S Verma and T. Hohn. Genes involved in microbe-plant interactions. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 271–286
Tepfer D (1983) The potential uses of Agrobacterium rhizogenes in the genetic engineering of higher plants: nature got there first. In: Lurquin P, Kleinhofs A (eds) Genetic engineering in eukaryotes. Plenum, New York, pp 153–164
Tepfer D (1984) Transformation of several species of higher plants by Agrobacterium rhizogenes: sexual transmission of the transformed genotype and phenotype. Cell 37:959–967
Tepfer D (1990) Genetic transformation using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Physiol Plant 79:140–146
Thimmaraju R, Venkatachalam L, Bhagyalakshmi N (2008) Morphometric and biochemical characterization of red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) hairy roots obtained after single and double transformations. Plant Cell Rep 27:1039–1052
Thomas MR, Rose RJ, Nolan KE (1992) Genetic transformation of Medicago truncatula using Agrobacterium with genetically modified Ri and disarmed Ti plasmids. Plant Cell Rep 11:113–117
Thomashow LS, Reeves S, Thomashow MF (1984) Crown gall oncogenesis: evidence that a T-DNA gene from the Agrobacterium Ti plasmid pTiA6 encodes an enzyme that catalyzes synthesis of indoleacetic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci 81:5071–5075
Tomilov A, Tomilova N, Yoder JI (2007) Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformed roots of the parasitic plant Triphysaria versicolor retain parasitic competence. Planta 225(5):1059–1071
Trovato M, Mauro ML, Costantino P, Altamura MM (1997) The rolD gene from Agrobacterium rhizogenes is developmentally regulated in transgenic tobacco. Protoplasma 197:111–120
Trovato M, Maras B, Linhares F, Constantino P (2001) The plant oncogene rolD encodes a functional ornithine cyclodeaminase. Proc Natl Acad Sci 98:13449–13453
Trulson AJ, Simpson RB, Shahin EA (1986) Transformation of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Theor Appl Gene 73:11–15
Turgut Kara N, Ari S (2008) In vitro plant regeneration from embryogenic cell suspension culture of Astragalus chrysochlorus (Leguminoseae). Afr J Biotechnol 7(9):1250–1255
Turgut Kara N, Ari S (2010) The optimization of voltage parameter for tissue electroporation in somatic embryos of Astragalus chrysochlorus (Leguminosae). Afr J Biotechnol 9(29):4584–4588
Tzfira T, Citovsky V (2000) From host recognition to T-DNA integration: the function of bacterial and plant genes in the Agrobacterium-plant cell interaction. Mol Plant Pathol 11(4):201–212
Tzfira T, Yarnitzky O, Vainstein A, Altman A (1996). Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated DNA transfer in Pinus halepensis Mill. Plant Cell Rep 16:26–31
Umber M, Clement B, Otten L (2005) The T-DNA oncogene A4- orf8 from Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4 induces abnormal growth in tobacco. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 18:205–211
Uozumi N, Kobayashi T (1997) Artificial seed production through hairy root regeneration. In: Doran PM (ed) Hairy roots: culture and applications. Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, pp 113–122
Uozumi N, Ohtake Y, Nakashimada Y, Morikawa Y, Tanaka N, Kobayashi T (1996) Efficient regeneration from GUS-transformed Ajuga hairy root. J Ferm Bioeng 81:374–378
Vain P (2007) Thirty years of plant transformation technology development. Plant Biotechnol J 5:221–229
van Altvorst AC, Bino RJ, van Dijk AJ, Lamers AMJ, Lindhout WH, Van Der Mark F, Dons JJM (1992) Effects of the introduction of Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes on tomato plant and flower development. Plant Sci 83:77–85
van de Velde W, Mergeay J, Holsters M, Goormachtig S (2003) Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of Sesbania rostrata. Plant Sci 165:1281–1288
van der Salm TPM, Van Der Toorn CJG, Bouwer R, Haenisch ten Cate CH, Dons HJM (1997) Production of rol gene transformed plants of Rosa hybrida L. and characterization of their rooting ability. Mol Breed 3:39–47
van Onckelen H, Prinsen E, Inze D, Rudelsheim P, van Lijsebettens M, Follin A, Schell J, van Montagu M, De Greef J (1986) Agrobacterium T-DNA gene codes for tryptophan 2-monooxygenase activity in tobacco crown gall cells. FEBS Lett 198:357–360
Vansuyt G, Vilaine F, Tepfer M, Rossingnol M (1992) rolA modulates the sensitivity to auxin of the protontranslocationcatalyzed by the plasmamembrane H+-ATPase in transformed tobacco. FEBS Lett 298:89–92
Veena V, Taylor CG (2007) Agrobacterium rhizogenes: recent developments and promising applications. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 43:383–403
Vilaine F, Casse-Delbart F (1987) A new vector derived from Agrobacterium rhizogenes plasmids: a micro-Ri plasmid and its use to construct a mini-Ri plasmid. Gene 55(1):105–14
Vilaine F, Charbonnier C, Casse-Delbart F (1987) Further insight concerning the TL-region of the Ri plasmid of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4: transfer of a 1.9 kb fragment is sufficient to induce transformed roots on tobacco leaf fragments. Mol Gen Genet 210:111–115
Vinterhalter B, Orbović V, Vinterhalter D (1999) Transgenic root cultures of Gentiana punctata L. Acta Soc Bot Pol 4:275–280
Visser RGF, Hesseling-Meinders A, Jacobsen E, Nijdam H, Witholt B, Feenstra WJ (1989) Expression and inheritance of inserted markers in binary vectors carrying Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Theor Appl Genet 78:705–14
Walton NJ, Belshaw NJ (1988) The effect of cadaverine on the formation of anabasine from lysine in hairy root cultures of Nicotiana hesperis. Plant Cell Rep 7:115–118
Wang CY, Chiao MT, Yen PJ, Huang WC, Hou CC, Chien SC, Yeh KC, Yang WC, Shyur LF, Yang NS (2006) Modulatory effects of Echinacea purpurea extracts on human dendritic cells: a cell- and gene-based study. Genomics 88:801–808
Ward DV, Zambryski P (2001) The six functions of Agrobacterium VirE2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:385–386
Weising K, Kahl G (1996) Natural genetic engineering of plant cells: the molecular biology of crown gall and hairy root disease. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2:327–351
Weller SA, Stead DE (2002) Detection of root mat associated Agrobacterium strains from plant material and other sample types by post-enrichment TaqMan PCR. J Appl Microbiol 92:118–126
Weller SA, Stead DE, Young JPW (2005) Induction of root-mat symptoms on cucumber plants by Rhizobium, but not by Ochrobactrum or Sinorhizobium, harbouring a cucumopine Ri plasmid. Plant Pathol 54:799–805
White LO (1972) The taxonomy of the crown gall organism Agrobacterium tumefaciens and its relationship to Rhizobia and to other Agrobacterium. J Gen Microbiol 72:565–574
White FF, Ghidossi G, Gordon MP, Nester EW (1982) Tumor induction by Agrobacterium rhizogenes involves the transfer of plasmid DNA to the plant genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:3193–3197
White FF, Taylo BH, Huffman GA, Gordon MP, Nesterr EW (1985) Molecular and genetic analysis of the transferred DNA regions of the root-inducing plasmid of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. J Bacteriol 164(1):33–44
Willems A, Collins MD (1993) Phylogenetic analysis of Rhizobia and Agrobacteria based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Intl J Syst Bacteriol 43:305–313
Willmitzer L, Sanchez-Serrano J, Buschfeld E, Schell J (1982) DNA from Agrobacterium rhizogenes is transferred to and expressed in axenic hairy root plant tissues. Mol Gen Genet 186:16–22
Willmitzer L, Dhaese P, Schreier PH, Schmalenbach W, Van Montagu M, Schell J (1983) Size, location and polarity of T-DNA-encoded transcripts in nopaline crown gall tumors, common transcripts in octopine and nopaline tumors. Cell 32(4):1045–1056
Woese CR, Gupta R, Hahn CM, Zillig W, Tu J (1984) The phylogenetic relationships of three sulfur-dependent archaebacteria. Syst Appl Microbiol 5:97–105
Yadav NS, Van Der Leyden J, Bennett DR, Barnes WM, Chilton M-D (1982) Short direct repeats flank the T-DNA on a nopaline Ti plasmid. Proc Natl Acad Sci 79:6322–6326
Yamada T, Palm CJ, Brooks B, Kosuge T (1985) Nucleotide sequences of the Pseudomonas savastanoi indole acetic acid gene show homology with Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci 82:6522–6526
Yamazaki M, Son L, Hayashi T, Morita N, Asamizu T, Mourakoshi I, Saito K (1996) Transgenic fertile Scoparia dulcis L., a folk medicinal plant, conferred with a herbicide-resistant trait using an Ri binary vector. Plant Cell Rep 15:317–321
Yang DC, Choi YE (2000) Production of transgenic plants via Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of Panax ginseng. Plant Cell Rep 19(5):491–496
Yasuda H, Tada Y, Hayashi Y, Jomori T, Takaiwa F (2005) Expression of the small peptide GLP-1 in transgenic plants. Transgenic Res 14(5):677–684
Yibrah HS, Grönroos R, Lindroth A, Franzén H, Clapham D, von Arnold S (1996) Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated induction of adventitious rooting from Pinus contorta hypocotyls and the effect of 5-azacytidine on transgene activity. Transgenic Res 5:75–85
Yokoyama R, Hirose T, Fujii N, Aspuria ET, Kato A, Uchimiya H (1994) The rolC promoter of Agrobacterium rhizogenes Ri plasmid is activated by sucrose in transgenic tobacco plants. Mol Gen Genet 244:15–22
Yoshimatsu K, Shimomura K (1992) Transformation of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) with Agrobacterium rhizogenes MAFF 03-01724. Plant Cell Rep 11:132–136
Yusibov VM, Steck TR, Gupta V, Gelvin SB (1994) Association of single-stranded transferred DNA from Agrobacterium tumefaciens with tobacco cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:2994–2998
Zambryski P, Joos H, Genetello C, Leemans J, Van Montagu M, Schell J (1983) Ti-plasmid vector for the introduction of DNA into plant cells without alteration of their normal regeneration capacity. EMBO J 2:2143–2150
Zdravkovic-Korac S, Muhovski Y, Druart PH, Calic D, Radojevic LJ (2004) Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated DNA transfer to Aesculus hippocastanum L. and the regeneration of transformed plants. Plant Cell Rep 22:698–704
Zhan XC, Jones DA, Kerr A (1988) Regeneration of flax plants transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Plant Mol Biol 11:551–559
Zhu JP, Oger M, Schrammeijer B, Hooykaas PJJ, Farrand SK, Winans SC (2000) The bases of crown gall tumorigenesis. J Bacteriol 182:3885–3895
Ziemienowicz A, Merkle T, Schoumacher F, Hohn B, Rossi L (2001) Import of Agrobacterium T-DNA into plant nuclei: two distinct functions of VirD2 and VirE2 proteins. Plant Cell 13:369–383
Zuker A, Tzfira T, Scovel G, Ovadis M, Shklarman E, Itzhaki H (2001) rolC-transgenic carnation with improved agronomic traits: quantitative and qualitative analyses of greenhouse-grown plants. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 126:13–18
Zupan JR, Zambryski P, Citovsky V (1996) Agrobacterium VirE2 protein mediates nuclear uptake of single-stranded DNA in plant cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci 93:2392–2397
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ozyigit, I., Dogan, I., Artam Tarhan, E. (2013). Agrobacterium rhizogenes-Mediated Transformation and Its Biotechnological Applications in Crops. In: Hakeem, K., Ahmad, P., Ozturk, M. (eds) Crop Improvement. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7028-1_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7028-1_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-7027-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-7028-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)