Cortical Spreading Depression: A Model for Studying Brain Consequences of Malnutrition

Guedes, Rubem Carlos Araújo

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_148

Rubem Carlos Araújo Guedes⁴

236 Accesses
20 Citations

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the worldwide problem of the neurological impact of nutritional deficiency and how to electrophysiologically study it by analyzing the changes in brain electrical activity. The electrophysiological phenomenon known as spreading depression of the cortical electrical activity or simply “cortical spreading depression” is briefly presented. This phenomenon is an interesting and remarkable reaction produced by the brain gray-matter in response to electrical, mechanical, or chemical stimulation of one point of the tissue. Experimental data on cortical spreading depression obtained under conditions of severe and moderate malnutrition, as well as under favorable nutritional conditions early in life (“overnutrition”) are described and possible underlying mechanisms are discussed. Changes in the propagation features of this phenomenon under normal and altered nutritional conditions are reviewed and confronted with changes studied under the effect of non-nutritional (environmental, hormonal, and pharmacological) factors in studies on developing and adult animals. Over the last two decades, data from several laboratories including ours, on an impressive number of experiments, have shown that the propagation velocity of cortical spreading depression constitutes a good indicator of alterations induced by malnutrition or by other conditions that influence brain developmental and physiological properties. The description of the experimental conditions studied is made in a simple manner and pertinent literature is presented concisely, enabling nonspecialists to understand the text easily. The experimental findings strongly support the conclusion that cortical spreading depression is a useful and interesting tool to electrophysiologically investigate the effects of nutritional changes on brain development and function, enabling also analyzing the interaction between the effects of nutritional and non-nutritional factors.

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Abbreviations

CNS:: Central nervous system
CSD:: Cortical spreading depression
EEG:: Electroencephalogram
DC:: Direct-current
GABA:: Gamma-amino butyric acid
REM-sleep:: Rapid-eye-movement sleep

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Acknowledgments

The author is Research Fellow from the Brazilian Research Council (CNPq – No. 302565/2007–8) and thanks the Brazilian agencies CAPES, FINEP/IBN-Net (No. 01.06.0842-00) and CT-CNPq/MS-SCTIE-DECIT (no. 17/2006) for their financial support.

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Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, BR-50670901, Recife, PE, Brazil
Rubem Carlos Araújo Guedes

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Rubem Carlos Araújo Guedes
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Correspondence to Rubem Carlos Araújo Guedes .

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Editors and Affiliations

Dept. Nutrition & Dietetics, King's College, Stamford St. 150, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
Victor R. Preedy
Arizona Health Science Center, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave. Room 4335, Tucson, 85724-5155, Arizona, USA
Ronald Ross Watson
University of the West of Scotland, Ayr Campus, Ayr, KA8 0SR, United Kingdom
Colin R. Martin

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Guedes, R.C.A. (2011). Cortical Spreading Depression: A Model for Studying Brain Consequences of Malnutrition. In: Preedy, V., Watson, R., Martin, C. (eds) Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_148

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_148
Published: 31 January 2011
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-92270-6
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-92271-3
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