Abstract
Applied linguistics and poststructuralism offer varied perspectives on language, culture, and identity. The purpose of this chapter is to establish key theoretical and pedagogical contrasts, as well as to sketch out future areas of complementarity. Applied linguists tend to view language as a site in which social and cultural differences are displayed, whereas poststructuralists tend to view language as a vehicle through which differences between and within identity categories (e.g., gender, race, ethnicity) are created and realized. By extension, applied linguists often provide rigorous descriptions of particular features (e.g., pragmatic norms, literacy practices) that define minority identities and place students at potential risk. Such mappings, for poststructuralists, are illusory. Language is fundamentally unstable (cf. Derrida’s notion of différance), and identities are multiple, contradictory, and subject to change across settings and through interaction. Representation becomes acrucial area of debate here. Many applied linguists rightfully claim that academic achievement and social justice are advanced when non-dominant varieties of language are systematically described and valorized in schools. Poststructuralists correctly warn, however, that power relations are always implicated when we formalize particular language/identity correlations. Such representations are always shaped by discourses, and are hence “dangerous,” in that they potentially reify the marginal positions and practices that they name.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alexander, B. K., Anderson, G. L., & Gallegos, B. P. (Eds.). (2005). Performance theories in education: Power, pedagogy, and the politics of identity. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Alfred, G., Byram, M., & Fleming, M. (Eds.). (2003). Intercultural experience and education. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Amin, N. (1999). Minority women teachers of ESL: Negotiating White English. In G. Braine (Ed.), Nonnative educators in English language teaching (pp. 93–104). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Appadurai, A. (1996). Modernity at large: Cultural dimensions of globalization. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Atkinson, D. (1999). TESOL and culture. TESOL Quarterly, 33, 625–654.
Atkinson, D. (2004). Contrasting rhetorics/contrasting cultures: Why contrastive rhetoric needs a better conceptualization of culture. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 3, 277–289.
Auerbach, E. (2000). Creating participatory learning communities: Paradoxes and possibilities. In J. Hall & W. Eggington (Eds.), The sociopolitics of English language teaching (pp. 143–164). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Austin, J. (1975). How to do things with words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bakhtin, M. (1981). The dialogic imagination. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
Barthes, R. (1988). The death of the author. In D. Lodge (Ed.), Modern criticism and theory (pp. 166–172). New York: Longman.
Bazerman, C. (2004). Intertextuality: How texts rely on other texts. In C. Bazerman & P. Prior (Eds.), What writing does and how it does it: An introduction to analyzing texts and textual practices (pp. 83–96). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Belsey, C. (1980). Critical practice. London: Methuen.
Belz, J. (2002). Second language play as a representation of the multicompetent self in foreign language study. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 1, 13–39.
Benesch, S. (1999). Thinking critically, thinking dialogically. TESOL Quarterly, 33, 573–580.
Benesch, S. (2001) Critical English for academic purposes. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Bhabha, H. (1994). The location of culture. London: Routledge.
Bissoondath, N. (1994). Selling illusions: The cult of multiculturalism in Canada. Toronto: Penguin.
Blackledge, A. (2002). The discursive construction of national identity in multilingual Britain. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 1, 67–87.
Blackledge, A., & Pavlenko, A. (2001). Negotiation of identities in multilingual contexts. International Journal of Bilingualism, 5, 243–257.
Block, D. (2002). ‘McCommunication’: A problem in the frame for SLA. In D. Block & D. Cameron (Eds.), Globalization and language teaching (pp. 117–133). New York: Routledge.
Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and symbolic power (G. Raymond & M. Adamson, Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Braine, G. (Ed.). (1999). Non-native educators in English language teaching. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Brown, H. (1986). Learning a second culture. In J. Valdes (Ed.), Culture bound: Bridging the culture gap in language teaching (pp. 33–48). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Brutt-Griffler, J. (2002). World English: A study of its development. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. New York: Routledge.
Butler, J. (1992). Contingent foundations: Feminism and the question of “postmodernism.” In J. Butler & J. Scott (Eds.), Feminists theorize the political (pp. 3–21). New York: Routledge.
Byram, M., & Fleming, M. (Eds.). (1998). Language learning in intercultural perspective: Approaches through drama and ethnography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Byram, M., & Risager, K. (1999). Language teachers, politics and cultures. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Cameron, D. (1997). Performing gender identity: Young men’s talk and the construction of heterosexual masculinity. In S. Johnson & U. Meinhof (Eds.), Language and masculinity (pp. 47–64). Cambridge: Blackwell.
Cameron, D. (2002). Globalization and the teaching of ‘communication skills’. In D. Block & D. Cameron (Eds.), Globalization and language teaching (pp. 67–82). New York: Routledge.
Canagarajah, A. S. (1999). Resisting English imperialism in English language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Canagarajah, A. S. (2002). Reconstructing local knowledge. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 1, 243–259.
Canagarajah, A. S. (Ed.). (2005). Reclaiming the local in language policy and practice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Candlin, C. (2000). [General editor’s preface]. In B. Norton (Ed.), Identity and language learning (pp. xiii–xxi). London: Longman.
Chaika, E. (1994). Language: The social mirror (3rd ed.). Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
Carr, J. (2003). Culture through the looking glass: An intercultural experiment in sociolinguistics. In A. J. Liddicoat, S. Eisenchlas, & S. Trevaskes (Eds.), Australian perspectives on internationalizing education (pp. 75–86). Melbourne: Language Australia.
Casanave, C. P. (2004). Controversies in second language writing: Dilemmas and decisions in research and instruction. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Cherryholmes, C. (1988). Power and criticism: Poststructuralist investigations in education. New York: Teachers College Press.
Cherryholmes, C. (1993). Reading research. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 25, 1–32.
Connor, U. (1996). Contrastive rhetoric: Cross-cultural aspects of second-language writing. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Constas, M. (1998). The changing nature of educational research and a critique of postmodernism. Educational Researcher, 27(2), 26–33.
Cook, V. (1994). Universal grammar and the learning and teaching of second languages. In T. Odlin (Ed.), Perspectives on pedagogical grammar (pp. 25–47). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cooke, D. (1999). Contending discourses and ideologies: English and agency. Language & Communication, 19, 415–424.
Corbett, J. (2003). An intercultural approach to English Language Teaching. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Corson, D. (1997). Critical realism: An emancipatory philosophy for applied linguistics? Applied Linguistics, 18, 166–188.
Corson, D. (2001). Language diversity and education. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Corson, D. (2002). Teaching and learning for market-place utility. International Journal of Leadership in Education. 1, 1–13.
Courchêne, R. (1996). Teaching Canadian culture: Teacher preparation. TESL Canada Journal, 13(2), 1–16.
Culler, J. (1997). Literary theory: A very short introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.
Cummins, J. (2000). Language, power and pedagogy: Bilingual children in the crossfire. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Cummins, J. (2001). Negotiating identities: Education for empowerment in a diverse Society (2nd ed.). Ontario, CA: California Association of Bilingual Education.
Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1986). Nomadology: The war machine (B. Massumi, Trans.). New York: Semiotext(e).
Derrida, J. (1982). Margins of philosophy (A. Bass, Trans.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Dicker, S. (2000). Official English and bilingual education: The controversy over language pluralism in U.S. society. In J. Hall & W. Eggington (Eds.), The sociopolitics of English language teaching (pp. 45–66). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Ehrlich, S. (1997). Gender as social practice: Implications for second language acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19, 421–446.
Fleming, D. (2003). Building personal and nation-state identities: Research and practice. TESL Canada Journal, 20(2), 65–79.
Foucault, M. (1980). Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings, 1972–1977. New York: Pantheon.
Foucault, M. (1982). The subject and power. In H. Dreyfus & P. Rabinow (Eds.), Beyond structuralism (pp. 208–226). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Foucault, M. (1997). Various works. In P. Rabinow (Ed.), Michel Foucault: Ethics, subjectivity and truth. New York: The New Press.
Freire, P. (1997). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Continuum.
Gee, J. (1996). Social linguistics and literacies: Ideologies in discourse. London: Taylor & Francis.
Giltrow, J., & Colhoun, E. R. (1992). The culture of power: ESL traditions, Mayan resistance. In B. Burnaby & A. Cumming (Eds.), The socio-political aspects of ESL (pp. 50–66). Toronto, Ontario: OISE Press.
Giroux, H. (1994). Doing cultural studies: Youth and the challenge of pedagogy. Harvard Educational Review, 64, 278–308.
Goldstein, T. (2003). Teaching and learning in a multilingual school. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Grabe, W., Stoller, F., & Tardy, C. (2000). Disciplinary knowledge as a foundation for teacher preparation. In J. Hall & W. Eggington (Eds.), The sociopolitics of English language teaching (pp. 178–194). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Granger, C. A. (2004). Silence in second language learning: A psychoanalytic reading. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Gumperz, J. (1986). Interactional sociolinguistics in the study of schooling. In J. Cook-Gumperz (Ed.), The social construction of literacy (pp. 45–68). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Hall, J. K. (2002). Teaching and researching language and culture. London: Pearson.
Hall, J. K, Vitanova, G., & Marchenkova, L. (Eds.). (2005). Dialogue with Bakhtin on second and foreign language learning. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Hall, K. (2002). Asserting ‘needs’ and claiming ‘rights’: The cultural politics of community language education in England. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 1, 97–119.
Harklau, L. (2000). From the ‘good’ kids’ to the ‘worst’: Representations of English language learners across educational settings. TESOL Quarterly, 34, 35–66.
Harklau, L. (2003). Representational practices and multi-modal communication in US high schools: Implications for adolescent immigrants. In R. Bayley & S. R. Schecter (Eds.), Language socialization in bilingual and multilingual societies (pp. 83–97). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Harris, R., Leung, C., & Rampton, B. (2002). Globalization, diaspora and language education in England. In D. Block & D. Cameron (Eds.), Globalization and language teaching (pp. 29–46). London: Routledge.
Heller, M. (2003). Globalization, the new economy, and the commodification of language and identity. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 7, 473–492.
Hinkel, E. (Ed.). (1999). Culture in second language teaching and learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Holliday, A. (1994). Appropriate methodology in social context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hornberger, N. (Ed.). (2003). Continua of biliteracy: An ecological framework for educational policy, research, and practice in multilingual settings. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Ibrahim, A. (1999). Becoming black: Rap and hip hop, race, gender, identity and the politics of ESL learning. TESOL Quarterly, 33, 349–370.
Ilieva, R. (2000). Exploring culture in texts designed for use in adult ESL classrooms. TESL Canada Journal, 17(2), 50–63.
Ivanič, R. (1998). Writing and identity: The discoursal construction of identity in academic writing. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Janks, H. (1997). Critical discourse analysis as a research tool. Discourse, 18, 329–342.
Johnston, B. (1999). The expatriate teacher as postmodern paladin. Research in the Teaching of English, 34, 255–280.
Johnston, B. (2003). Values in English language teaching. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Kincheloe, J., & Steinberg, S. (1997). Changing multiculturalism. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
Knapp, K., & Meierkord, C. (Eds.). (2002). Lingua franca communication. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
Kramsch, C. (1993). Context and culture in language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kramsch, C. (1998). Language and culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kramsch, C. (2000). Global and local identities in the contact zone. In C. Gnutzmann (Ed.), Teaching and learning English as a global language (pp. 131–143). Tubingen, Germany: Stauffenberg Verlag.
Kress, G. (2003). Literacy in the new media age. London: Routledge.
Kubota, R. (1999). Japanese culture constructed by discourses: Implications for applied linguistics research and ELT. TESOL Quarterly, 33, 9–35.
Kubota, R. (2001). Discursive construction of the images of U.S. classrooms. TESOL Quarterly, 35, 9–38.
Kubota, R. (2004). Critical multiculturalism and second language education. In B. Norton & K. Toohey (Eds.), Critical pedagogies in language learning (pp. 30–52). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kumaravadivelu, B. (1999). Critical classroom discourse analysis. TESOL Quarterly, 33, 453–484.
Kumaravadivelu, B. (2003a). Beyond methods: Macrostrategies for language teaching. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Kumaravadivelu, B. (2003b). Critical language pedagogy: A postmethod perspective on English language teaching. World Englishes, 22, 539–550.
Ladson-Billings, G. (1999). Just what is critical race theory, and what’s it doing in a nice field like education? In L. Parker, D. Deyle, & S. Villenas (Eds.), Race is-race isn’t: Critical race theory and qualitative studies in education (pp. 7–30). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Lantolf, J. (Ed.). (2000). Sociocultural theory and second language learning. New York: Oxford University Press.
Lather, P., & Ellsworth, E. (Eds.). (1996). Situated pedagogies—classroom practices in postmodern times. Theory into Practice [Special issue], 35(2).
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Lin, A., & Luk, J. (2002). Beyond progressive liberalism and cultural relativism: Towards critical postmodernist, sociohistorically situated perspectives in ethnographic classroom studies. Canadian Modern Language Review, 59, 97–124.
Lin, A., Wang, W., Akamatsu, N., & Riazi, A. (2002). Appropriating English, expanding identities, and re-visioning the field: From TESOL to teaching English for glocalized communication (TEGCOM). Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 1, 295–316.
Lynch, B. (1996). Language program evaluation: Theory and practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lynch, B. (2001). Rethinking assessment from a critical perspective. Language Testing, 18, 351–372.
Mair, C. (Ed.). (2003). The politics of English as a world language: New horizons in postcolonial cultural studies. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
MacPherson, S., Turner, D., Khan, R., Hingley, W., Tigchelaar, A., & Lafond, L. D. (2004). ESL and Canadian multiculturalism: Multilingual, intercultural practices for the 21st Century. TESL Canada Journal, Special Issue 4, 1–22.
May, S. (Ed.). (1999). Critical multiculturalism: Rethinking multicultural and anti-racist education. London: Falmer Press.
McKay, S. L. (2000). Teaching English as an international language: Implications for cultural materials in the classroom. TESOL Journal, 9(4), 7–11.
McNamara, T. (1997). What do we mean by social identity? Competing frameworks, competing discourses. TESOL Quarterly, 33, 561–567.
Moran, P. (2001). Teaching culture: Perspectives in practice. Scarborough, Ontario: Nelson/Thomson Learning.
Morgan, B. (1998). The ESL classroom: Teaching, critical practice, and community development. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Morgan, B. (2002). Critical practice in community-based ESL programs: A Canadian perspective. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 1, 141–162.
Morgan, B. (2004a). Teacher identity as pedagogy: Towards a field-internal conceptualization in bilingual and second language education. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 7, 172–188.
Morgan, B. (2004b). Modals and memories: A grammar lesson on the Quebec referendum on sovereignty. In B. Norton & K. Toohey (Eds.), Critical pedagogies and language learning (pp. 158–178). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Morgan, C., & Cain, A. (2000). Foreign language and culture learning from a dialogic perspective. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Nelson, C. (1999). Sexual identities in ESL: Queer theory and classroom inquiry. TESOL Quarterly, 33, 371–391.
Nelson, C. (2002). Why queer theory is useful in teaching: A perspective from English as a second language teaching. In K. H. Robinson, J. Irwin, & T. Ferfolja (Eds.), From here to diversity: The social impact of lesbian and gay issues in education in Australia and New Zealand (pp. 43–53). Binghamton, NY: Harrington Park Press.
Nieto, S. (2002). Language, culture, and teaching: Critical perspectives for a new century. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Norris, C. (1982). Deconstruction: Theory and practice. New York: Methuen.
Norton Peirce, B. (1995). Social identity, investment, and language learning. TESOL Quarterly, 29, 9–30.
Norton, B. (1997). Language, identity, and the ownership of English. TESOL Quarterly, 31, 409–429.
Norton, B. (2000). Identity and language learning: Gender, ethnicity and educational change. London: Longman.
Norton, B., & Toohey, K. (2001). Changing perspectives on good language learners. TESOL Quarterly, 35, 307–322.
Norton, B., & Toohey, K. (Eds.). (2004). Critical pedagogies and language learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pakir, A. (2000). The developments of English as a ‘glocal’ language: New concerns in the old saga of language teaching. In H.W. Kam & C. Ward (Eds.), Language in the global context: Implications for the language classroom (pp. 14–31). Singapore: SEAMO Regional Language Centre.
Pavlenko, A. (2002). Poststructuralist approaches to the study of social factors in second language learning and use. In V. Cook (Ed.), Portraits of the L2 user (pp. 277–302). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Pavlenko, A., & Blackledge, A. (Eds.). (2004). Negotiation of identities in multilingual contexts. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Pavlenko, A., & Piller, I. (2001). New directions in the study of multilingualism, second language learning and gender. In A. Pavlenko, A. Blackledge, I. Piller, & M. Teutsch-Dwyer (Eds.), Multilingualism, second language learning, and gender (pp. 17–52). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Pennycook, A. (1997). Cultural alternatives and autonomy. In P. Benson & P. Voller (Eds.), Autonomy and independence in language learning (pp. 35–53). London: Longman.
Pennycook, A. (1998). English and the discourses of colonialism. New York: Routledge.
Pennycook, A. (2001). Critical applied linguistics: A critical introduction. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Pennycook, A. (2004). Performativity and language studies. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 1, 1–20.
Perry, T., & Delpit, L. (Eds.). (1998). The real Ebonics debate: Power, language and the education of African-American children. Boston: Beacon Press.
Poynton, C. (1993). Grammar, language and the social: Poststructuralism and systemic-functional linguistics. Social Semiotics, 3, 1–21.
Price, S. (1999). Critical discourse analysis: Discourse acquisition and discourse practices. TESOL Quarterly, 33, 581–595.
Ramanathan, V. (2002). The politics of TESOL education: Writing, knowledge, critical pedagogy. New York: Routledge Falmer.
Ramanathan, V. (2005). The English-vernacular divide: Postcolonial language politics and practice. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Rampton, B. (1995). Crossing: Language and ethnicity among adolescents. London: Longman.
Reagan, T. G., & Osborn, T. A. (2002). The foreign language educator in society: Toward a critical pedagogy. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Roberts, C., Byram, M., Barro, A., Jordan, S., & Street, B. (2001). Language learners as ethnographers. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Ronowicz, E., & Yallop, C. (Eds.). (1999). English: One language, different cultures. New York: Cassell.
Rosenau, P. (1992). Postmodernism and the social sciences: Insights, inroads, and intrusions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Rouse, J. (1994). Power/Knowledge. In G. Gutting (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to Foucault (pp. 92–114). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Said, E. (1978). Orientalism. New York: Random House.
Sarap, M. (1993). An introductory guide to post-structuralism and postmodernism (2nd ed.). Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
Sauvé, V. (2000). Issues, challenges and alternatives in teaching adult ESL. Don Mills, Ontario: Oxford University Press.
Schecter, R. S., & Bailey, R. (2002). Language as cultural practice: Mexicanos en el norte. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Scholes, R. (1985). Textual power. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Scollon, R., & Wong Scollon, S. (1995). Intercultural communication: A discourse approach. Maiden, MA: Blackwell.
Shea, C. (1998). Critical and constructive postmodernism: The transformative power of holistic education. In H. Shapiro & D. Purpel (Eds.), Critical social issues in American education: Transformation in a postmodern world (2nd ed.) (pp. 337–354). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Simon, R. (1992). Teaching against the grain. Toronto: OISE Press.
Sower, C. (1999). Postmodern applied linguistics: Problems and contradictions. TESOL Quarterly, 33, 736–745.
Starfield, S. (2002). ‘I’m a second-language English speaker’: Negotiating writer identity and authority in Sociology One. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 1, 121–140.
Street, B. (1993). Culture is a verb: Anthropological aspects of language and cultural process. In D. Graddol, L. Thompson, & M. Byram (Eds.), Language and culture (pp. 23–43). Clevedon, UK: BAAL and Multilingual Matters.
Stein, P. (2004). Representation, rights, and resources: Multimodal pedagogies in language and literacy. In B. Norton & K. Toohey (Eds.), Critical pedagogies and language learning (pp. 95–115). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tajfel, H. (1974). Social identity and intergroup behavior. Social Science Information, 13, 65–93.
Terdiman, R. (1985). Discourse/counter-discourse. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Toohey, K. (2000). Learning English at school: Identity, social relations and classroom practice. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Valdes, J. (Ed.). (1986). Culture bound: Bridging the culture gap in language teaching. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Vandrick, S. (1999). ESL and the colonial legacy: A teacher faces her ‘missionary kid’ past. In G. Haroian-Guerin (Ed.), The personal narrative: Writing ourselves as teachers and scholars (pp. 63–74). Portland, ME: Calendar Islands Publishers.
Varghese, M. (2004). Professional development for bilingual teachers in the United States: A site for articulating and contesting professional roles. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 7, 222–237.
Varghese, M., Morgan, B., Johnston, B., & Johnson, K. (2005). Theorizing language teacher identity: Three perspectives and beyond. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 4, 21–44.
Walkerdine, V. (1997). Redefining the subject in situated cognition theory. In D. Kirshner & J. Whitson (Eds.), Situated cognition: Social, semiotic, and psychological perspectives (pp. 57–70). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Widdowson, H. (1980). Models and fictions. Applied Linguistics, 1, 165–170.
Williams, C. H. (1998). Introduction: Representing the citizens—reflections on language policy in Canada and the United States. In T. Ricento & B. Burnaby (Eds.), Language and politics in the United States and Canada (pp. 1–32). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Weedon, C. (1987). Feminist practice & poststructuralist theory. New York: Basil Blackwell.
Wells, G. (1999). Dialogic inquiry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wong, S. (2000). Transforming the politics of schooling in the U.S.: A model for successful academic achievement for language minority students. In J. Hall & W. Eggington (Eds.), The sociopolitics of English language teaching (pp. 117–139). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Young, R. (1996). Intercultural communication: Pragmatics, genealogy, deconstruction. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Zamel, V. (1997). Towards a model of transculturation. TESOL Quarterly, 31, 341–352.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Morgan, B. (2007). Poststructuralism and Applied Linguistics. In: Cummins, J., Davison, C. (eds) International Handbook of English Language Teaching. Springer International Handbooks of Education, vol 15. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-46301-8_69
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-46301-8_69
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-46300-1
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-46301-8
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)