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Biosynthesis and Biotechnology of High-Value p-Menthane Monoterpenes, Including Menthol, Carvone, and Limonene

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Biotechnology of Isoprenoids

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology ((ABE,volume 148))

Abstract

Monoterpenes of the p-menthane group are volatile secondary (or specialized) metabolites found across the plant kingdom. They are dominant constituents of commercially important essential oils obtained from members of the genera Mentha (Lamiaceae), Carum (Apiaceae), Citrus (Rutaceae), and Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae). p-Menthane monoterpenes have also attracted interest as chiral specialty chemicals, and the harvest from natural sources is therefore supplemented by chemical synthesis. More recently, microbial and plant-based platforms for the high-level accumulation of specific target monoterpenes have been developed. In this review chapter, I discuss the properties of the genes and enzymes involved in p-menthane biosynthesis and provide a critical assessment of biotechnological production approaches.

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Abbreviations

DXR:

1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

FPPS:

(E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate synthase

ISPD:

(−)-trans-isopiperitenol dehydrogenase

ISPR:

(−)-trans-isopiperitenone reductase

MDR:

Medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase

MEP:

2C-methyl-D-eryhritol 4-phosphate

MFS:

(+)-menthofuran synthase

MMR:

(−)-menthone:(−)-menthol reductase

MNR:

(−)-menthone:(+)-neomenthol reductase

MVA:

Mevalonic acid

ORF:

Open reading frame

PMD:

p-menthane-3,8-diol

PR:

(+)-pulegone reductase

SDR:

Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase

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  1. Institute of Biological Chemistry and M.J. Murdock Metabolomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, USA

    Bernd Markus Lange

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    Jens Schrader

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Lange, B.M. (2015). Biosynthesis and Biotechnology of High-Value p-Menthane Monoterpenes, Including Menthol, Carvone, and Limonene. In: Schrader, J., Bohlmann, J. (eds) Biotechnology of Isoprenoids. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol 148. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2014_289

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