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Hepatitis C Virus RNA Translation

  • Chapter
Book cover Hepatitis C Virus: From Molecular Virology to Antiviral Therapy

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 369))

Abstract

After infection of a cell, the positive-strand RNA genome of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) directly serves as the template for translation in the cytosol. By the use of an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element in the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) of the viral RNA, the HCV RNA bypasses the need for nuclear processing events like capping and directly recruits the translation apparatus to the viral RNA to start translation of the viral proteins. In this review, I discuss the structure and function of the HCV IRES, focusing on (1) the recruitment of the cellular translation machinery to the IRES, including canonical and noncanonical translation initiation factors, (2) noncanonical RNA-binding proteins that modulate IRES activity, and (3) microRNAs that have an influence on the efficiency of HCV RNA translation.

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Abbreviations

HCV:

Hepatitis C Virus

IRES:

Internal ribosome entry site

UTR:

Untranslated region

eIF:

Eukaryotic initiation factor

ITAF:

IRES trans-acting factor

NSAP1:

NS1-associated protein 1

hnRNP:

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein

LSm:

Like Sm

PTB:

Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein

miRNA:

microRNA

miR-122:

microRNA-122

Ago:

Argonaute

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Acknowledgments

I apologize to those investigators whose work has not been discussed due to space limitations. I would like to thank Eva Nogales and Christian Spahn for providing images, Sung Key Jang, Ivan Shatsky, and Niki Vassilaki for valuable discussions, and Carmen Fehr and Dominik Conrad for reading the manuscript. Work in the author’s lab is supported by grants of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG (IRTG 1384, Ni 604/2-2, SFB 1021).

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  1. Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392, Giessen, Germany

    Michael Niepmann

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  1. Michael Niepmann
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Correspondence to Michael Niepmann .

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  1. Department for Infectious Diseases Molecular Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Ralf Bartenschlager

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Niepmann, M. (2013). Hepatitis C Virus RNA Translation. In: Bartenschlager, R. (eds) Hepatitis C Virus: From Molecular Virology to Antiviral Therapy. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 369. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27340-7_6

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