Abstract
Several enzymes, cell adhesion molecules, growth factors, proteinase inhibitors and extracellular matrix components possess heparin-binding domains, and are profoundly affected in their reactivities with third parties in the presence of this glycosaminoglycan. Heparin, e.g. markedly accelerates the reaction of antithrombin III with thrombin1, and allows bFGF to interact with its receptor at the cell surface2,3. This implies that a whole series of biological processes may be modulated by the availability of heparin or heparin-like polysaccharides. Heparin is, however, not likely to be physiologically involved in most of these situations. Heparin is mainly a product of mast cells, which is stored intracellularly and is released upon degranulation of these cells at sites of inflammation. In contrast, the surfaces of most cells and the extracellular matrix are decorated by heparan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan that shares several structural and functional features with heparin.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
U. Lindahl, L. Thunberg, G. Bäckstrom, J. Riesenfeld, K. Nordling, and I. Björk, Extension and structural variability of the antithrombin-binding sequence in heparin, J. Biol. Chem. 259:12368 (1984).
A. Yayon, M. Klagsbrun, J.D. Esko, P. Leder, and D.M. Ornitz, Cell surface, heparin-like molecules are required for binding of basic fibroblast growth factor to its high affinity receptor, Cell 64:841 (1991).
A. Rapraeger, A. Krufka, B.B. Olwin, Requirement of heparan sulfate for bFGF-mediated fibroblast growth and myoblast differentiation, Science 252:1705 (1991).
I. Thesleff, M. Jalkanen, S. Vainio, and M. Bernfield, Cell surface proteoglycan expression correlates with epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during tooth morphogenesis, Dev. Biol. 129:565 (1988).
S. Vainio, M. Jalkanen, and I. Thesleff, Syndecan and tenascin expression is induced by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in embryonic tooth mesenchyme, J. Cell Biol. 108:1945 (1989).
M. Bernfield, and R.D. Sanderson, Syndecan, a morphogenetically regulated cell surface proteoglycan that binds extracellular matrix and growth factors, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 327:171 (1990).
L. Kjellén, I. Pettersson, and M. Höök, Cell-surface heparan sulfate: an intercalated membrane proteoglycan, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 78:5371 (1981).
A.C. Rapraeger, and M. Bernfield, Heparan sulfate proteoglycans from mouse mammary epithelial cells, J. Biol. Chem. 258:3632 (1983).
V. Lories, G. David, J.J. Cassiman, and H. Van den Berghe, Heparan sulfate proteoglycans of human lung fibroblasts, Eur. J. Biochem. 158:351 (1986).
V. Lories, J.J. Cassiman, H. Van den Berghe, and G. David, Multiple distinct membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans in human lung fibroblasts, J. Biol. Chem. 264:7009 (1989).
M. Ishihara, N.S. Fedarko, and H.E. Conrad, Involvement of phosphatidylinositol and insulin in the coordinate regulation of proteoheparan sulfate metabolism and hepatocyte growth, J. Biol. Chem. 262:4708 (1987).
D.J. Carey, and R.C. Stahl, Identification of a lipid-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan in Schwann cells, J. Cell Biol. 111:2053 (1990).
P. Marynen, J. Zhang, J.J. Cassiman, H. Van den Berghe, and G. David, Partial primary structure of the 48-and 90-Kilodalton core proteins of cell surface-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans of lung fibroblasts, J. Biol. Chem. 264:7017 (1989).
A. Rapraeger, M. Jalkanen, E. Endo, J. Koda, and M. Bernfield, The cell surface proteoglycan from mouse mammary epithelial cells bears chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans, J. Biol. Chem. 260:11046 (1985).
G. David, and H. Van den Berghe, Heparan—sulfate chondroitin sulfate hybrid proteoglycan of the cell surface and basement membrane of mouse mammary epithelial cells, J. Biol. Chem. 260:11067 (1985).
S. Saunders, M. Jalkanen, S. O’Farrell, and M. Bernfield, Molecular cloning of syndecan, an integral membrane proteoglycan, J. Cell Biol. 108:1547 (1989).
M. Mali, P. Jaakkola, A.-M. Arvilommi, and M. Jalkanen, Sequence of human syndecan indicates a novel gene family of integral membrane proteoglycans, J. Biol. Chem. 265:6884 (1990).
K. Hayashi, M. Hayashi, M. Jalkanen, J.H. Firestone, R.L. Trelstad, and M. Bernfield, Immunocytochemistry of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan in mouse tissues, A light and electron microscopic study, J. Histochem. Cytochem. 35:1079 (1987).
G. David, V. Lories, B. Decock, P. Marynen, J.J. Cassiman, and H. Van den Berghe, Molecular cloning of a phosphatidylinositolanchored membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan from human lung fibroblasts, J. Cell Biol. 111:3165 (1990).
N.T. Ktistakis, D’Nette Thomas, and M.G. Roth, Characteristics of the tyrosine recognition signal for internalization of transmembrane surface glycoproteins, J. Cell Biol. 111:1393 (1990).
K.G. Rothberg, Y. Ying, J.F. Kolhouse, B.A. Kamen, and R.G.W. Anderson, The glycophospholipid-linked folate receptor internalizes folate without entering the clathrin-coated pit endocytic pathway, J. Cell Biol. 110:637 (1990).
K. Elenius, M. Salmivirta, P. Inki, M. Mali, and M. Jalkanen, Binding of human syndecan to extracellular matrix proteins, J. Biol. Chem. 265:17837 (1990).
M.C. Kiefer, J.C. Stephans, K. Crawford, K. Okino, and P.J. Barr, Ligand-affinity cloning and structure of a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan that binds basic fibroblast growth factor, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:6985 (1990).
R.D. Sanderson, and M. Bernfield, Molecular polymorphism of a cell surface proteoglycan: distinct structures on simple and stratified epithelia, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:9562 (1988).
M. Salmivirta, K. Elenius, S. Vainio, U. Hofer, R. Chiquet-Ehrismann, I. Thesleff, and M. Jalkanen, Syndecan from embryonic tooth mesenchyme binds tenascin, J. Biol. Chem. 266:7733 (1991).
A. Heremans, J.J. Cassiman, H. Van den Berghe, and G. David, Heparan sulfate proteoglycan from the extracellular matrix of human lung fibroblasts, J. Biol. Chem. 263:4731 (1988).
J.R. Hassell, W.C. Leyshon, S.R. Ledbetter, B. Tyree, S. Suzuki, M. Kato, K. Kimata, and H.K. Kleinman, Isolation of two forms of basement membrane proteoglycans, J. Biol. Chem. 260:8098 (1985).
M. Paulsson, P.D. Yurchenco, G.C. Ruben, J. Engel, and R. Timpl, Structure of low density heparan sulfate proteoglycan isolated from a mouse tumor basement membrane, J. Mol. Biol. 197:297 (1987).
D.M. Noonan, E.A. Horigan, S.R. Ledbetter, G. Vogeli, M. Sasaki, Y. Yamada, and J.R. Hassell, Identification of cDNA clones encoding different domains of the basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, J. Biol. Chem. 263:16379 (1988).
A. Heremans, B. Van der Schueren, B. De Cock, M. Paulsson, J.J. Cassiman, H. Van den Berghe, and G. David, Matrix—associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan: core protein—specific monoclonal antibodies decorate the pericellular matrix of connective tissue cells and the stromal side of basement membranes, J. Cell Biol. 109:3199 (1989).
A. Heremans, B. De Cock, J.J. Cassiman, H. Van den Berghe, and G. David, The core protein of the matrix associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan binds to fibronectin, J. Biol. Chem. 265:8716 (1990).
G. Pejler, G. Backstrom, and U. Lindahl, Structure and affinity for antithrombin of heparan sulfate chains derived from basement membrane proteoglycans, J. Biol. Chem. 262:5036 (1987).
A.-M. Gonzalez, M. Buscaglia, M. Ong, and A. Baird, Distribution of basic fibroblast growth factor in the 18-day rat fetus: localization in the basement membranes of diverse tissues, J. Cell Biol. 110:753 (1990).
A.I. de Agostini, S.C. Watkins, H.S. Slayter, H. Youssoufian, and R.D. Rosenberg, Localization of anticogulantly active heparan sulfate proteoglycans in vascular endothelium: antithrombin binding on cultured endothelial cells and perfused rat aorta, J. Cell Biol. 111:1293 (1990).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
David, G. (1992). Structural and Functional Diversity of the Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans. In: Lane, D.A., Björk, I., Lindahl, U. (eds) Heparin and Related Polysaccharides. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 313. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2444-5_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2444-5_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-2446-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-2444-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive