Skip to main content

Walter Landauer — The Man and his Work

  • Chapter
Issues and Reviews in Teratology

Abstract

In a span of almost 60 years, Walter Landauer made notable contributions to the fields of genetics, developmental physiology and teratology. In the pages which follow we shall attempt to document the substance and merit of these contributions and to provide an understanding of the person who made them. Walter Landauer was opportunistic, orthodox and bold in his science, committed to truth, often obscured by complexities of genetic data and poorly understood biochemistry. From his early days as a student, he was concerned about economic inequities and social injustice and about a social system that failed to elicit the full potential of all its members.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Argraves, W. S., McKeown-Longo, P. J., and Goetinck, P. F. 1981. Absence of proteoglycan core protein in the cartilage mutant nanomelia. FEBS Letters 131: 265–268.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ariens, E. J. 1954. Affinity and intrinsic activity in the theory of competitive inhibition. Problems and theory. Arch, Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 99: 32–49.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ariens, E. J. 1964. Molecular Pharmacology. Academic Press, New York and London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benedict, F. G., Landauer, W., and Fox, E. L. 1932. The physiology of normal and Frizzle fowl, with special reference to the basal metabolism. Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 177: 13–101.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boas, E. P., and Landauer, W. 1933. The effect of elevated metabolism on the hearts of Frizzle fowl. Am. J. Med. Sci. 185: 654–664.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boas, E. P., and Landauer, W. 1934. The effect of elevated metabolism on the heart of Frizzle fowl. II. Increased ratio of heart to body weight. Am. J. Med. Sci. 188: 359–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, T. K. 1949. Skeletal growth in Ancon sheep. Growth. 13: 221–267.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crew, F. A. E. 1925. Animal Genetics. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutler, I. E. 1925. Reptilian fowls. J. Hered. 16: 352–356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Danforth, C. H. 1932. Artificial and hereditary suppression of sacral vertebrae in the fowl. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 30: 143–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davenport, C. B. 1906. Inheritance in Poultry. Publications of the Carnegie Institution of Washington No. 52.

    Google Scholar 

  • David, P. R. 1936. Studies on the Creeper fowl. X. A study of the mode of action of a lethal factor by explantation methods. Roux Arch. Entwichmech. 135: 521–551.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeFranciscis, P., and Landauer, W. 1959. Effect of amniotic fluid on inhibition of growth by cortisone in chicken embryos. Nature 183: 617–618.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, L. C. 1925. The inheritance of rumplessness in the domestic fowl. J. Hered. 16: 127–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, L. C. 1927. The occurrence of chondrodystrophy in chick embryos. II. The genetic evidence. Roux Arch. Entwickmech. 110: 341–365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, L. C., and Landauer, W. 1934. The genetics of the rumpless fowl with evidence of a case of changing dominance. J. Genet. 29: 217–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, L. C., and Landauer, W. 1936. Further data on genetic modification of rumplessness in the fowl. J. Genet. 33: 401–405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elmer, W. A. and Pierro, L. J. 1964. The Creeper trait in chickens and growth of tibiotarsi in vitro. Am. Zool. 4: 1404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elmer, W. A. 1968a. Experimental analysis of the Creeper condition in chickens. Effect of embryo extract on elongation, protein content, and incorporation of amino acids by cartilaginous tibiotarsi. Dev. Biol. 18: 76–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elmer, W. A. 1968b. In vitro and in situ analyses of the inhibitory effect of Creeper tissues. J. Exp. Zool. 169: 381–390.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fell, H. B., and Landauer, W. 1935. Experiments on skeletal growth and development in vitro in relation to the problem of avian phokomelia. Proc. Roy. Soc. London B 118: 133–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goetinck, P. F., Lever-Fisher, P. L., McKeown-Longo, P. J., Quinter, M. I., Sawyer, L. M., Sparks, K. J., and Argraves, W. S. 1981. Chondrogenesis in Normal and Mutant Avian Embryos. Chapter in: Proc. 39th Symp. Soc. Devel. Biol. Alan R. Liss, Inc. N. Y.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldschmidt, R. B. 1935. Gen und Ausseneigenschaft. (Untersuchungen an Drosophila) I. II. Z. indukt. Abst. u. Vererb. 69: 38–131 (cited by Landauer, 1957a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldschmidt, R. B. 1957. Problematics of the phenomenon of phenocopy. Jour. Madras Univ. B 27: 17–24 (cited by Landauer, 1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldschmidt, R. B., and Piternick, L. K. 1957a. The genetic background of chemically induced phenocopies in Drosophila. J. Exp. Zool. 135: 127–202.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldschmidt, R. B., and Piternick, L. K. 1957b. The genetic background of chemically induced phenocopies in Drosophila. II. J. Exp. Zool. 136: 201–228.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gumbel, E. J., and Landauer, W. 1924. Statistische Untersuchungen über Korrelation and Symmetrie bei Echinodermenpluteis. Roux Archiv Entwickmech 101: 62–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamburger, V., and Waugh, M. 1940. The primary development of the skeleton in nerveless and poorly innervated limb transplants of chick embryos. Physiol. Zool. 13: 367–380.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harland, S. C. 1939. The Genetics of Cotton. London (Jonathan Cape) (cited by Landauer, 1948c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieny, M. 1962. Action de diverses fractions de l’extract d’embryon Creeper sur la croissance de tibiotarses normaux en culture in vitro. Arch. d’Anal Microscop. et de Morph. Exp. 51: 577–586.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krim, S. 1960. Structure of Frizzle mutant feather keratin. J. Mol Biol. 2: 247–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamoreux, W. F. 1942. Hereditary chondrodystrophy in the fowl. J. Hered. 33: 275–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1922. Untersuchungen uber die Verschiebung der Vererbungsrichtung bei Echinodermen-Bastardlarven unter dem Einfluss von Ammoniak. Roux Archiv Entwicklungsmech. 52: 1–94.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1924. Laceration, Knospung und Heteromorphose bei Actinia equina L. Z Morph. Okol. Tiere. 3: 177–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1925a. On the hair direction in mammals. J. Mamm. 6: 217–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1925b. Bemerkungen zu Ludwigs Hypothese der Morphogenese des Haarstrichs. Zool Am. 64: 235–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1925c. Der spezifische Erreger der Zellteilung. Biol Gen. 1: 674–694.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1925d. Ergebnisse in der Erbanalyse der Behornung von Rind, Schaf und Ziege. Z indukt. Abs. u Vererb. 39: 294–322.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1925e. Bemerkungen über Variation, Symmetrie und Korrelation bei Echinoideenpluteis. Z indukt. Abs. u Vererb. 38: 62–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1926a. Zur Regeneration der Aktiniarien. Z Morph. Okol. 6: 586–587.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1926b. Die Vererbung von Haar-und Hautmerkmalen, ausschliesslich Farbung und Zeichnung, mit Berucksichtigung von Rassedifferenzierung und Deszendenz. Z indukt. Abs. u Vererb. 42: 113–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1927. Untersuchungen über Chondrodystrophie. I. Allgemeine Erscheinungen und Skelett chondrodystrophischer Hühnerembryonen. Roux Arch Entwicklungsmech. 110: 195–278.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1930. Linkage Tests in Poultry. I. Biol. Gen. 8: 219–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1931. Untersuchungen uber das Krüperhuhn. II. Morphologie und Histologie des Skelets, insbesondere des Skelets der langen Extremitätenknochen. Z. mikro anat. Forschung 25: 115–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1932a. Studies on the Creeper fowl. III. The early development and lethal expression of homozygous Creeper embryos. J. Genet. 25: 367–394.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1932b. Studies on the Creeper fowl. V. The linkage of the genes for Creeper and single-comb. J. Genet. 26: 285–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1933. A gene modifying frizzling in the fowl. J. Hered. 24: 153–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1934. Studies on the Creeper fowl. VI. Skeletal growth of Creeper chickens, with special reference to growth of the long bones. Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 193: 1–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1937. Loss of body heat and disease. Am. J. Med. Sci. 194: 667–674.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1941. A semi-lethal mutation in fowl, affecting length of the upper beak and of the long bones. Genetics 26: 426–439.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1942. Form and function in Frizzle fowl: The interaction of hereditary potentialities and environmental temperature. Biological Symposia 6: 127–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1945a. Recessive rumplessness of fowl with kypho-scoliosis and supernumerary ribs. Genetics 30: 403–428.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1945b. Rumplessness of chicken embryos produced by the injection of insulin and other chemicals. J. Exp. Zool. 98: 65–77.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1945c. Shall we lose or keep our plant and animal stocks. Science. 101: 497–499.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1946. The results of selection against expression of the “short upper beak” mutation in fowl. Amer. Nat. 80: 490–494.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1947a. Insulin-induced abnormalities of beak, extremities and eyes in chickens. J. Exp. Zool. 105: 145–172.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1947b. Potentiating effects of adrenal cortical extract on insulin-induced abnormalities of chick development. Endocrinology 41: 489–493.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1948a. The phenotypic modification of hereditary polydactylism of fowl by selection and by insulin. Genetics 33: 133–157.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1948b. The effect of nicotinamide and α-ketoglutaric acid on the teratogenic action of insulin. J. Exp. Zool. 109: 283–290.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1948c. Hereditary abnormalities and their chemically-induced phenocopies. Growth Symposium 12: 171–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1949. Le problème de l’électivité dans les expériences de tératogenèse biochimique. Arch. d’Anal microsc. et Morph exp. 38: 184–189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1952a. The genetic control of normal development in the chicken embryo. Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci. 55: 172–176.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1952b. Malformations of chick embryos produced by boric acid and the probable role of riboflavin in their origin. J. Exp. Zool 120: 469–508.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1953a. On teratogenic effects of pilocarpine in chick development. J. Exp. Zool. 122: 469–483.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1953b. Complex formation and chemical specificity of boric acid in production of chicken embryo malformations. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 82: 633–636.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1954. On the chemical production of developmental abnormalities and of phenocopies in chicken embryos. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 43: 261–305 (Supp).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1956a. Cyclopia and related defects as a lethal mutation of fowl. J. Genet. 54: 219–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1956b. Hereditary and induced cross-beak of fowl. Experiments with ethyl carbamate. J. Exp. Zool. 132: 25–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1956c. The teratogenic activity of pilocarpine, pilocarpidine and their isomers, with special reference to the importance of steric configuration. J. Exp. Zool. 132: 39–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1957a. Phenocopies and genotype, with special reference to sporadically-occurring developmental variants. Amer. Nat. 91: 79–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1957b. Niacin antagonists and chick development. J. Exp. Zool. 136: 509–530.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1958. On phenocopies, their developmental physiology and genetic meaning. Amer. Nat. 92: 201–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1959. The phenocopy concept: illusion or reality? Experientia 15: 409–412.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1960a. Nicotine-induced malformations of chicken embryos and their bearing on the phenocopy problem. J. Exp. Zool. 143: 107–122.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1960b. Experiments concerning the teratogenic nature of thallium: polyhydroxy compounds, histidine and imidazole as supplements. J. Exp. ZooL 143: 101–105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1965a. Nanomelia, a lethal mutation of the fowl. J. Hered. 56: 131–138.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1965b. Observations on penetrance and expressivity of Lamoreux’s chondrodystrophy of fowl. J. Hered. 56: 209–214.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1965c. Gene and phenocopy: selection experiments and tests with 6-aminonicotinamide. J. Exp. Zool. 160: 345–354.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1967. The Hatchability of Chicken Eggs as Influenced by Environment and Heredity. Monograph 1 (Revised) Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station. 315 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1969a. Chapter, in The Fertility and Hatchability of The Hen’s Egg. T. C. Carter and R. M. Freeman, eds. Oliver and Boyd. Londo

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1969b. A bibliography of micromelia. Chapter, in Limb Development and Deformity: Problems of Evaluation and rehabilitation. Charles C. Thomas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1972. Is insulin a teratogen?. Teratology 5: 129–135.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1975a. Cholinomimetic teratogens: studies with chicken embryos. Teratology 12: 125–145.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1975b. Cholinomimetic teratogens. II. Interaction with inorganic ions. Teratology 12: 271–276.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1976. Cholinomimetic teratogens III. Interaction with amino acids known as neurotransmitters. Teratology 13: 41–46.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W. 1977. Cholinomimetic teratogens V. The effect of oximes and related cholinesterase reactivators. Teratology 15: 33–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and Aberle, S. D. 1935. Studies on the endocrine glands of Frizzle fowl. Am. J. Anat. 57: 99–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and Bliss, C. I. 1946. Insulin-induced rumplessness of chickens. III. The relationship of dosage and of developmental stage at time of injection to response. J. Exp. Zool. 102: 1–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and Clark, E. M. 1962a. Teratogenic interaction of insulin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose in chick development. J. Exp. Zool. 151: 245–252.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and Clark, E. M. 1962b. The interaction in teratogenic activity of the two niacin analogs 3-acetylpyridine and 6-aminonicotinamide. J. Exp. Zool. 151: 253–258.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and Clark, E. M. 1963. Interaction of insulin and chlorpromazine in teratogenesis. Nature. 198: 215–21

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and Clark, E. M. 1964a. On the role of riboflavin in the teratogenic activity of boric acid. J. Exp. Zool. 156: 307–312.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and Clark, E. M. 1964b. On the teratogenic interaction of sulfanilamide and 3-acetylpyridine in chick development. J. Exp. Zool. 156: 313–322.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and Clark, E. M. 1964c. Teratogenic risks of drug synergism. Nature. 203: 527–528.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and Clark, E. M. 1964d. Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation and teratogenic activity of insulin. Nature. 204: 285–286.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and David, L. T. 1933. Elevated metabolism, blood cells, and hemoglobin content of the blood in the Frizzle fowl. Folia Haematol. 50: 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and Dunn, L. C. 1925. Two types of rumplessness in domestic fowls. J. Hered. 16: 153–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and Dunn, L. C. 1926. Chondrodystrophia in chicken embryos. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 23: 562–566.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and Dunn, L. C. 1930a. Studies on the Creeper fowl. I. Genetics. J. Genet. 23: 397–412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and Dunn, L. C. 1930b. The “Frizzle” character of fowls; its expression and inheritance. J. Hered. 21: 291–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and Rhodes, M. B. 1952. Further observations on the teratogenic nature of insulin and its modification by supplementary treatment. J. Exp. Zool. 119: 221–261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and Salam, N. 1972. Aspects of dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent for teratogens. Devel. Biol. 28: 35–46.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and Salam, N. 1973. Quantitative and qualitative distinctions in developmental interference produced by various substituted pyridines, molecular shape and teratogenicity as studied in chicken embryos. Acta Embryol. exp. 179–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and Salam, N. 1974. The experimental production in chicken embryos of muscular hypoplasia and associated defects of beak and cervical vertebrae. Acta Embryol exp. 1: 51–66.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and Sopher, D. 1970. Succinate, glycerophosphate and ascorbate as sources of cellular energy and as antiteratogens. J. Embryol. exp. Morph. 24: 187–202.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and Upham, E. 1936. Weight and size of organs in Frizzle fowl. Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 210: 1–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and Wakasugi, N. 1967. Problems of acetazolamide and N-ethylnicotinamide as teratogens. J. Exp. Zool 164: 499–515.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landauer, W., and Wakasugi, N. 1968. Teratological studies with sulphonamides and their implications. J. Embryol. exp. Morph. 20: 261–284.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lowenthal, L. 1957. Histological and histochemical studies on the homozygous Creeper embryo. Anat. Rec. 128: 201–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayr, E. 1963. Animal Species and Evolution. Harvard Univ. Press. Cambridge, Mass, (cited by Landauer, 1965a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meiniel, R. 1974a. Action protectrice de la pralidoxime vis-a-vis des effets tératogènes du parathion sur le squelette axial de l’embryon de caille. C. R Acad. Sci., D 279: 603–606 (cited by Landauer, 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meiniel, R. 1974b. Etude de l’action protectrice de la pralidoxime vis-avis des anomalies squelettiques provoquees par le parathione chez l’embryon de caille japonaise. C. R. Soc. Biol. 68: 1315–1318 (cited by Landauer, 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meiniel, R. 1975. Prevention par la pralidoxime de certains effets tératogènes induits par le bidrin chez l’embryon de caille. C. R. Acad. Sci., D 280: 1019–1022 (cited by Landauer, 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, H. and Lipps, L. S. 1978. Heat shock and phenocopy induction in Drosophila. Cell 15: 907–918.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plunkett, R. C. 1933. A contribution to the theory of dominance. Amer. Nat. 67: 84–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roger, J.-C., Upshall, D. G. and Casida, J. E. 1969. Structure-activity and metabolism studies on organophosphate teratogens and their alleviating agents in developing hen eggs with special emphasis on Bidrin. Biochem. Pharmacol. 18: 373–392 (cited by Landauer, 1977).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudnick, D. 1945. Differentiation of prospective limb material from Creeper chick embryos in coelomic grafts. J. Exp. Zool. 100: 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spofford, J. B. 1956. The relation between expressivity and selection against eyeless in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 41: 938–959 (cited by Landauer 1965a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stirpe, N. S., Argraves, W. S., and Goetinck, P. F. 1987. Chondrocytes from the cartilage proteoglycan deficient mutant, nanomelia, synthesize greatly reduced levels of the proteoglycan core protein transcript. Dev. Biol. 124: 77–81.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Upham, E., and Landauer, W. 1935. The relation of thickness of cutis and subcutis to hair slope in human skin. Anal Rec. 61: 359–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Upshall, D. G., Roger, J.-C., and Casida, J. E. 1968. Biochemical studies on the teratogenic action of Bidrin and other neuroactive agents in developing hen eggs. Biochem. Pharmacol. 17: 1529–1542 (cited by Landauer, 1977).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Veldstra, H. 1956. Synergism and potentiation with special reference to the combination of structural analogues. Physiol. Rev. 8: 339–387 (cited by Landauer, 1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Veldstra, H. 1963. Synergism of drugs. Chapter, pp. 42–51, in Proc. Third Internat. Congress Chemotherap. Stuttgart 1962,(cited by Landauer and Salam, 1974).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, H., Clyman, R. I., and Pierro, L. J. 1969. Nucleic acid deficiency in the prothanic homozygous mutant of Creeper fowl. J. Exp. Zool. 172: 245–252.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, J. A. 1935. Revolt on Campus. Covici-Friede, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, Et. and Kieny, M. 1963. Recherches sur la nature d’un facteur inhibiteur de la croissance des os longs dans la race de poule Creeper. Develop. Biol. 7: 324–341.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Clark, H., Pierro, L.J. (1994). Walter Landauer — The Man and his Work. In: Kalter, H. (eds) Issues and Reviews in Teratology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2512-7_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2512-7_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6069-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-2512-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics