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Influenza Pathogenesis and Control - Volume II pp 399–421Cite as

Memory CD4 T Cells in Influenza

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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 386))

Abstract

Influenza A virus is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among young children and the elderly. Current vaccines induce neutralizing antibody responses directed toward highly variable viral surface proteins, resulting in limited heterosubtypic protection to new viral serotypes. By contrast, memory CD4 T cells recognize conserved viral proteins and are cross-reactive to multiple influenza strains. In humans, virus-specific memory CD4 T cells were found to be the protective correlate in human influenza challenge studies, suggesting their key role in protective immunity. In mouse models, memory CD4 T cells can mediate protective responses to secondary influenza infection independent of B cells or CD8 T cells, and can influence innate immune responses. Importantly, a newly defined, tissue-resident CD4 memory population has been demonstrated to be retained in lung tissue and promote optimal protective responses to an influenza infection. Here, we review the current state of results regarding the generation of memory CD4 T cells following primary influenza infection, mechanisms for their enhanced efficacy in protection from secondary challenge including their phenotype, localization, and function in the context of both mouse models and human infection. We also discuss the generation of memory CD4 T cells in response to influenza vaccines and its future implications for vaccinology.

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Acknowledgments

Donna L. Farber is supported by NIH grants AI106697, AI100119, and AI083022.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 West 168th Street, BB15, New York, NY, 10032, USA

    Kyra D. Zens & Donna L. Farber

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 West 168th Street, BB15, New York, NY, 10032, USA

    Kyra D. Zens & Donna L. Farber

  3. Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 West 168th Street, BB15, New York, NY, 10032, USA

    Donna L. Farber

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  1. Kyra D. Zens
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Correspondence to Donna L. Farber .

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  1. Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA

    Michael B. A. Oldstone

  2. IDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Richard W. Compans

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Zens, K.D., Farber, D.L. (2014). Memory CD4 T Cells in Influenza. In: Oldstone, M., Compans, R. (eds) Influenza Pathogenesis and Control - Volume II. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 386. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2014_401

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