Skip to main content

Nausea and Vomiting in the Cancer Patient

  • Chapter
Oncology

Abstract

Nausea and vomiting are two of the most feared cancer treatment-related side effects for cancer patients and their families. In 1983, Coates et al. found that patients receiving chemotherapy ranked nausea and vomiting as the first and second most severe side effects, respectively. Up to 20% of patients receiving highly emetogenic agents in this era postponed, or even refused, potentially curable treatments. Despite the availability of more than 20 different antiemetics, nausea and vomiting in cancer patients remain problematic and continue to pose tremendous challenges to practicing oncologists.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Coates A, Dillenbeck CF, McNeil DR, et al. On the receiving end. II. Linear analogue self-assessment (LASA) in evaluation of aspects of the quality of life of cancer patients receiving therapy. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1983;19:1633–1637.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Wilcox PM, Fetting JH, Nettesheim KM, et al. Anticipatory vomiting in women receiving cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-FU (CMF) adjuvant chemotherapy for breast carcinoma. Cancer Treat Rep 1982;66:1601–1604.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Herrstedt J. Nausea and emesis: still an unsolved problem in cancer patients? Support Care Cancer 2002;10:85–87.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Berger AEA. Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Roila F, Boschetti E, Tonato M, et al. Predictive factors of delayed emesis in cisplatin-treated patients and antiemetic activity and tolerability of metoclopramide or dexamethasone. A randomized single-blind study. Am J Clin Oncol 1991;14:238–242.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hesketh PJ, Kris MG, Grunberg SM, et al. Proposal for classifying the acute emetogenicity of cancer chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:103–109.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Antiemetic Subcommittee of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC). Prevention of chemotherapy-and radiotherapy-induced emesis: results of Perugia Consensus Conference. Ann Oncol 1998;9:811–819.

    Google Scholar 

  8. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. ASHP Therapeutic Guidelines on the Pharmacologic Management of Nausea and Vomiting in Adult and Pediatric Patients Receiving Chemotherapy or Radiation Therapy or Undergoing Surgery. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999;56:729–764.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Loprinzi CL, Alberts SR, Christensen BJ, et al. History of the development of antiemetic guidelines at Mayo Clinic Rochester. Mayo Clin Proc 2000;75:303–309.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. de Wit R, Schmitz PI, Verweij J, et al. Analysis of cumulative probabilities shows that the efficacy of 5-HT3 antagonist prophylaxis is not maintained. J Clin Oncol 1996;14:644–651.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Gralla RJ, Osoba D, Kris MG, et al. Recommendations for the use of antiemetics: evidence-based, clinical practice guidelines. American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:2971–2994.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Osoba D, Zee B, Pater J, et al. Determinants of postchemotherapy nausea and vomiting in patients with cancer. Quality of Life and Symptom Control Committees of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:116–123.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Perez EA, Hesketh P, Sandbach J, et al. Comparison of single-dose oral granisetron versus intravenous ondansetron in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized parallel study. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:754–760.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Dodd MJ, Onishi K, Dibble SL, et al. Differences in nausea, vomiting, and retching between younger and older outpatients receiving cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Nurs 1996;19:155–161.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Tavorath R, Hesketh PJ. Drug treatment of chemotherapy-induced delayed emesis. Drugs 1996;52:639–648.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Saria A. The tachykinin NK1 receptor in the brain: pharmacology and putative functions. Eur J Pharmacol 375:51–60, 1999.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kaizer L, Warr D, Hoskins P, et al. Effect of schedule and maintenance on the antiemetic efficacy of ondansetron combined with dexamethasone in acute and delayed nausea and emesis in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy: a phase III trial by the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. J Clin Oncol 1994;12:1050–1057.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Andrykowski MA, Jacobsen PB, Marks E, et al. Prevalence, predictors, and course of anticipatory nausea in women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Cancer (Phila) 1988;62:2607–2613.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Morrow GR, Lindke J, Black PM. Anticipatory nausea development in cancer patients: replication and extension of a learning model. Br J Psychol 1991;82 (pt 1):61–72.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Morrow GR. Susceptibility to motion sickness and chemotherapy-induced side-effects. Lancet 1984;1:390–391.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Perez EA. A risk-benefit assessment of serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in antineoplastic therapy-induced emesis. Drug Saf 1998;18:43–56.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Miner WD, Sanger GJ. Inhibition of cisplatin-induced vomiting by selective 5-hydroxytryptamine M-receptor antagonism. Br J Pharmacol 1986;88:497–499.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Miner WD, Sanger GJ, Turner DH. Evidence that 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptors mediate cytotoxic drug and radiation-evoked emesis. Br J Cancer 1987;56:159–162.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Gralla RJ, Navari RM, Hesketh PJ, et al. Single-dose oral granisetron has equivalent antiemetic efficacy to intravenous ondansetron for highly emetogenic cisplatin-based chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:1568–7315.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Navari R, Gandara D, Hesketh P, et al. Comparative clinical trial of granisetron and ondansetron in the prophylaxis of cisplatin-induced emesis. The Granisetron Study Group. J Clin Oncol 1996;13:1242–1248.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Hesketh P, Navari R, Grote T, et al. Double-blind, randomized comparison of the antiemetic efficacy of intravenous dolasetron mesylate and intravenous ondansetron in the prevention of acute cisplatin-induced emesis in patients with cancer. Dolasetron Comparative Chemotherapy-induced Emesis Prevention Group. J Clin Oncol 1996;14:2242–2249.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Italian Group for Antiemetic Research. Ondansetron versus metoclopramide, both combined with dexamethasone, in the prevention of cisplatin-induced delayed emesis. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:124–130.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Italian Group for Antiemetic Research. Ondansetron + dexamethasone vs. metoclopramide + dexamethasone + diphenhydramine in prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis. Lancet 1992;340:96–99.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Italian Group of Antiemetic Research. Ondansetron versus granisetron, both combined with dexamethasone, in the prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis. Ann Oncol 1995;6:805–810.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Chevallier B, Cappelaere P, Splinter T, et al. A double-blind, multicentre comparison of intravenous dolasetron mesilate and metoclopramide in the prevention of nausea and vomiting in cancer patients receiving high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 1997;5:22–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Jantunen IT, Kataja VV, Muhonen TT. An overview of randomised studies comparing 5-HT3 receptor antagonists to conventional anti-emetics in the prophylaxis of acute chemotherapy-induced vomiting. Eur J Cancer 1997;33:66–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Perez EA. 5-HT3 antiemetic therapy for patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1999;57:207–214.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hesketh PJ. Comparative review of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in the treatment of acute chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Cancer Invest 2000;18:163–173.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Seynaeve C, Schuller J, Buser K, et al. Comparison of the antiemetic efficacy of different doses of ondansetron, given as either a continuous infusion or a single intravenous dose, in acute cisplatin-induced emesis. A multicentre, double-blind, randomised, parallel group study. Ondansetron Study Group. Br J Cancer 1992;66:192–197.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Beck TM, Hesketh PJ, Madajewicz S, et al. Stratified, randomized, double-blind comparison of intravenous ondansetron administered as a multiple-dose regimen versus two single-dose regimens in the prevention of cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting. J Clin Oncol 1992;10:1969–1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Grunberg SM. Phase I and other dose-ranging studies of ondansetron. Semin Oncol 1992;19:16–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Grunberg SM, Lane M, Lester EP, et al. Randomized double-blind comparison of three dose levels of intravenous ondansetron in the prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1993;32:268–272.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Ettinger DS, Eisenberg PD, Fitts D, et al. A double-blind comparison of the efficacy of two dose regimens of oral granisetron in preventing acute emesis in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Cancer (Phila) 1996;78:144–151.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Harman GS, Omura GA, Ryan K, et al. A randomized, double-blind comparison of single-dose and divided multiple-dose dolasetron for cisplatin-induced emesis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1996;38:323–328.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Practice Guidelines in Oncology, lst ed, 03-30-04.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Eisenberg P, Figueroa-Vadillo J, Zamora R, et al. Improved prevention of moderately emetogenic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting with palonosetron, a pharmacologically novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist: results of a phase III, single-dose trial versus dolasetron. Cancer (Phila) 2003;98:2473–2482.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Aapro M, Bertoli L, Lyer P. Palonosetron is as effective as ondansetron in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy: results of a phase III trial. Support Care Cancer 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Ioannidis JP, Hesketh PJ, Lau J. Contribution of dexamethasone to control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a meta-analysis of randomized evidence. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:3409–3422.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Italian Group for Antiemetic Research. Double-blind, dose-finding study of four intravenous doses of dexamethasone in the prevention of cisplatin-induced acute emesis. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:2937–2942.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Poli-Bigelli S, Rodrigues-Pereira J, Carides AD, et al. Addition of the neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist aprepitant to standard antiemetic therapy improves control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Latin America. Cancer (Phila) 2003;97:3090–3098.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Campos D, Pereira JR, Reinhardt RR, et al. Prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis by the oral neurokinin-1 antagonist, MK-869, in combination with granisetron and dexamethasone or with dexamethasone alone. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:1759–1767.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Darmani NA, Johnson JC. Central and peripheral mechanisms contribute to the antiemetic actions of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol against 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced emesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2004;488:201–212.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Walsh D, Nelson KA, Mahmoud FA. Established and potential therapeutic applications of cannabinoids in oncology. Support Care Cancer 2003;11:137–143.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. D’Olimpio JT, Camacho F, Chandra P, et al. Antiemetic efficacy of high-dose dexamethasone versus placebo in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy: a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 1985;3:1133–1135.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Koo WH, Ang PT. Role of maintenance oral dexamethasone in prophylaxis of delayed emesis caused by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 1996;7:71–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Lofters WS, Pater JL, Zee B, et al. Phase III double-blind comparison of dolasetron mesylate and ondansetron and an evaluation of the additive role of dexamethasone in the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting due to moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:2966–2973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Stephens SH, Silvey VL, Wheeler RH. A randomized, double-blind comparison of the antiemetic effect of metoclopramide and lorazepam with or without dexamethasone in patients receiving high-dose cisplatin. Cancer (Phila) 1990;66:443–446.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Strum SB, McDermed JE, Liponi DF. High-dose intravenous metoclopramide versus combination high-dose metoclopramide and intravenous dexamethasone in preventing cisplatin-induced nausea and emesis: a single-blind crossover comparison of antiemetic efficacy. J Clin Oncol 1985;3:245–251.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Roila F, Donati D, Tamberi S, et al. Delayed emesis: incidence, pattern, prognostic factors and optimal treatment. Support Care Cancer 2002;10:88–95.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Italian Group for Antiemetic Research. Delayed emesis induced by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy: do we need to treat all patients? Ann Oncol 1997;8:561–567.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Gralla R, Lichinitser M, Van Der Vegt S, et al. Palonosetron improves prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting following moderately emetogenic chemotherapy: results of a double-blind randomized phase III trial comparing single doses of palonosetron with ondansetron. Ann Oncol 2003;14:1570–1577.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Navari RM, Reinhardt RR, Gralla RJ, et al. Reduction of cisplatin-induced emesis by a selective neurokinin-1-receptor antagonist. L-754,030 Antiemetic Trials Group. N Engl J Med 1999;340:190–195.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Roila F, Ballatori E, Del Favero A. Prevention of cisplatininduced emesis by a neurokinin-1-receptor antagonist. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1926–1928.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Razavi D, Delvaux N, Farvacques C, et al. Prevention of adjustment disorders and anticipatory nausea secondary to adjuvant chemotherapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessing the usefulness of alprazolam. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:1384–1390.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Dubois A, Fiala N, Boward CA, et al. Prevention and treatment of the gastric symptoms of radiation sickness. Radiat Res 1988;115:595–604.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Chaillet MP, Cosset JM, Socie G, et al. Prospective study of the clinical symptoms of therapeutic whole body irradiation. Health Phys 1993;64:370–374.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Priestman TJ, Priestman SG. An initial evaluation of Nabilone in the control of radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Clin Radiol 1984;35:265–266.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Priestman TJ, Roberts JT, Lucraft H, et al. Results of a randomized, double-blind comparative study of ondansetron and metoclopramide in the prevention of nausea and vomiting following high-dose upper abdominal irradiation. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 1990;2:71–75.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Lanciano R, Sherman DM, Michalski J, et al. The efficacy and safety of once-daily Kytril (granisetron hydrochloride) tablets in the prophylaxis of nausea and emesis following fractionated upper abdominal radiotherapy. Cancer Invest 2001;19:763–772.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Spitzer TR, Friedman CJ, Bushnell W, et al. Double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study on the efficacy and safety of oral granisetron and oral ondansetron in the prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving hyperfractionated total body irradiation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000;26:203–210.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Maranzano E. Radiation-induced emesis: a problem with many open questions. Tumori 2001;87:213–218.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Kirkbride P, Bezjak A, Pater J, et al. Dexamethasone for the prophylaxis of radiation-induced emesis: a National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group phase III study. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:1960–1966.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Matsuoka S, Okamoto S, Watanabe R, et al. Granisetron plus dexamethasone versus granisetron alone in the prevention of vomiting induced by conditioning for stem cell transplantation: a prospective randomized study. Int J Hematol 2003;77:86–90.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Loprinzi CL, Kugler JW, Sloan JA, et al. Randomized comparison of megestrol acetate versus dexamethasone versus fluoxymesterone for the treatment of cancer anorexia/cachexia. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:3299–3306.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Tchekmedyian NS, Hickman M, Siau J, et al. Megestrol acetate in cancer anorexia and weight loss. Cancer (Phila) 1992;69:1268–1274.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Pereira J, Bruera E. Chronic nausea. In: Bruera EHI (ed) Cachexia-Anorexia in Cancer Patients. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996:23–37.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Rowland KM Jr, Loprinzi CL, Shaw EG, et al. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of cisplatin and etoposide plus megestrol acetate/placebo in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group study. J Clin Oncol 1996;14:135–141.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Porcel JM, Salud A, Porta J, et al. Antiemetic efficacy of subcutaneous 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in terminal cancer patients. J Pain Symptom Manag 1998;15:265–266.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Philpot CR. Ondansetron by subcutaneous infusion. Med J Aust 1993;159:213.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Mulvenna PM, Regnard CF. Subcutaneous ondansetron. Lancet 1992;339:1059.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Currow DC, Coughlan M, Fardell B, et al. Use of ondansetron in palliative medicine. J Pain Symptom Manag 1997;13:302–307.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Wilde MI, Markham A. Ondansetron. A review of its pharmacology and preliminary clinical findings in novel applications. Drugs 1996;52:773–794.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Macario A, Ronquillo RB, Brose WG, et al. Improved outcome with chronic subcutaneous infusion of odansetron for intractable nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg 1996;83:194–195.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Bruera E, Seifert L, Watanabe S, et al. Chronic nausea in advanced cancer patients: a retrospective assessment of a metoclopramide-based antiemetic regimen. J Pain Symptom Manag 1996;11:147–153.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Nelson KA, Walsh TD, Sheehan FG, et al. Assessment of upper gastrointestinal motility in the cancer-associated dyspepsia syndrome. J Palliat Care 1993;9:27–31.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Bruera E, Belzile M, Neumann C, et al. A double-blind, crossover study of controlled-release metoclopramide and placebo for the chronic nausea and dyspepsia of advanced cancer. J Pain Symptom Manag 2000;19:427–435.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Khoo D, Hall E, Motson R, et al. Palliation of malignant intestinal obstruction using octreotide. Eur J Cancer 1994;30A:28–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Vickers AJ, Cassileth BR. Unconventional therapies for cancer and cancer-related symptoms. Lancet Oncol 2001;2:226–232.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Morrow GR, Roscoe JA, Hickok JT, et al. Nausea and emesis: evidence for a biobehavioral perspective. Support Care Cancer 2002;10:96–105.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Redd WH, Andresen GV, Minagawa RY. Hypnotic control of anticipatory emesis in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. J Consult Clin Psychol 1982;50:14–19.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Vasterling J, Jenkins RA, Tope DM, et al. Cognitive distraction and relaxation training for the control of side effects due to cancer chemotherapy. J Behav Med 1993;16:65–80.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Morrow GR. Clinical characteristics associated with the development of anticipatory nausea and vomiting in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment. J Clin Oncol 1984;2:1170–1176.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Vickers AJ. Can acupuncture have specific effects on health? A systematic review of acupuncture antiemesis trials. J R Soc Med 1996;89:303–311.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Shen J, Wenger N, Glaspy J, et al. Electroacupuncture for control of myeloablative chemotherapy-induced emesis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2000;284:2755–2761.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. De Mulder PH, Seynaeve C, Vermorken JB, et al. Ondansetron compared with high-dose metoclopramide in prophylaxis of acute and delayed cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:834–840.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Hainsworth J, Harvey W, Pendergrass K, et al. A single-blind comparison of intravenous ondansetron, a selective serotonin antagonist, with intravenous metoclopramide in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1991;9:721–728.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Sledge GW Jr, Einhorn L, Nagy C, et al. Phase III double-blind comparison of intravenous ondansetron and metoclopramide as antiemetic therapy for patients receiving multiple-day cisplatinbased chemotherapy. Cancer (Phila) 1992;70:2524–2528.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Italian Group for Antiemetic Research. Difference in persistence of efficacy of two antiemetic regimens on acute emesis during cisplatin chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:2396–2404.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Italian Group for Antiemetic Research. Ondansetron plus dexamethasone versus metoclopramide plus dexamethasone plus diphenhydramine in cisplatin-treated patients with ovarian cancer. Support Care Cancer 1994;2:167–170.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Heron JF, Goedhals L, Jordaan JP, et al. Oral granisetron alone and in combination with dexamethasone: a double-blind randomized comparison against high-dose metoclopramide plus dexamethasone in prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis. The Granisetron Study Group. Ann Oncol 1994;5:579–574.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Warr D, Wilan A, Venner P, et al. A randomised, double-blind comparison of granisetron with high-dose metoclopramide, dexamethasone and diphenhydramine for cisplatin-induced emesis. An NCI Canada Clinical Trials Group Phase III Trial. Eur J Cancer 1992;29A:33–36.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Ohmatsu H, Eguchi K, Shinkai T, et al. A randomized cross-over study of high-dose metoclopramide plus dexamethasone versus granisetron plus dexamethasone in patients receiving chemotherapy with high-dose cisplatin. Jpn J Cancer Res 1994;85:1151–1158.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Joss RA, Bacchi M, Buser K, et al. Ondansetron plus dexamethasone is superior to ondansetron alone in the prevention of emesis in chemotherapy-naive and previously treated patients. Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK). Ann Oncol 1994;5:253–258.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Roila F, Tonato M, Cognetti F, et al. Prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis: a double-blind multicenter randomized crossover study comparing ondansetron and ondansetron plus dexamethasone. J Clin Oncol 1991;9:675–678.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Kaasa S, Kvaloy S, Dicato MA, et al. A comparison of ondansetron with metoclopramide in the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a randomized, double-blind study. International Emesis Study Group. Eur J Cancer 1990;26:311–314.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Bonneterre J, Chevallier B, Metz R, et al. A randomized double-blind comparison of ondansetron and metoclopramide in the prophylaxis of emesis induced by cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil, and doxorubicin or epirubicin chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1990;8:1063–1069.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Marschner NW, Adler M, Nagel GA, et al. Double-blind randomised trial of the antiemetic efficacy and safety of ondansetron and metoclopramide in advanced breast cancer patients treated with epirubicin and cyclophosphamide. Eur J Cancer 1991;27:1137–1140.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Levitt M, Warr D, Yelle L, et al. Ondansetron compared with dexamethasone and metoclopramide as antiemetics in the chemotherapy of breast cancer with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1081–1084.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Numbenjapon T, Sriswasdi C, Mongkonsritragoon W, et al. Comparative study of low-dose oral granisetron plus dexamethasone and high-dose metoclopramide plus dexamethasone in prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by CHOP-therapy in young patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Med Assoc Thai 2002;85:1156–1163.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. del Giglio A, Soares HP, Caparroz C, et al. Granisetron is equivalent to ondansetron for prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: results of a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cancer (Phila) 89:2301–2308.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Stewart A, McQuade B, Cronje JD, et al. Ondansetron compared with granisetron in the prophylaxis of cyclophosphamide-induced emesis in out-patients: a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised, parallel-group study. Emesis Study Group for Ondansetron and Granisetron in Breast Cancer Patients. Oncology 1995;52:202–210.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Chevallier B, Marty M, Paillarse JM. Methylprednisolone enhances the efficacy of ondansetron in acute and delayed cisplatin-induced emesis over at least three cycles. Ondansetron Study Group. Br J Cancer 1994;70:1171–1175.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Olver I, Paska W, Depierre A, et al. A multicentre, double-blind study comparing placebo, ondansetron and ondansetron plus dexamethasone for the control of cisplatin-induced delayed emesis. Ondansetron Delayed Emesis Study Group. Ann Oncol 1996;7:945–952.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Aapro MS, Thuerlimann B, Sessa C, et al. A randomized double-blind trial to compare the clinical efficacy of granisetron with metoclopramide, both combined with dexamethasone in the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced delayed emesis. Ann Oncol 2003;14:291–297.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Campora E, Giudici S, Merlini L, et al. Ondansetron and dexamethasone versus standard combination antiemetic therapy. A randomized trial for the prevention of acute and delayed emesis induced by cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin chemotherapy and maintenance of antiemetic effect at subsequent courses. Am J Clin Oncol 1994;17:522–526.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Van Belle S, Lichinitser MR, Navari RM, et al. Prevention of cisplatin-induced acute and delayed emesis by the selective neurokinin-1 antagonists, L-758,298 and MK-869. Cancer (Phila) 2002;94:3032–3041.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gill, P., Grothey, A., Loprinzi, C. (2006). Nausea and Vomiting in the Cancer Patient. In: Chang, A.E., et al. Oncology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-31056-8_83

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-31056-8_83

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-24291-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-31056-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics