Somaclonal Variation and Induced Mutations in Crop Improvement

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xiii

   PDF

2. Section 1

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

      PDF

   2. Introduction

      • P. J. Larkin

      Pages 3-13

   3. Somaclonal Variation: Mechanism and Applications in Crop Improvement

      • D. S. Brar, S. M. Jain

      Pages 15-37

   4. Clonal Variation in Cereals and Forage Grasses

      • M. C. Rush, Q. J. Xie, S. S. Croughan, S. D. Linscombe, J. Narvaez, S. R. Stetina

      Pages 39-64

   5. Genetic Fidelity of Plants Regenerated from Somatic Embryos of Cereals

      • Y. Henry, A. Nato, J. de Buyser

      Pages 65-80

   6. Somaclonal Variation in Improving Ornamental Plants

      • S. M. Jain, M. Buiatti, F. Gimelli, F. Saccardo

      Pages 81-104

   7. Somaclonal Genetics of Forest Trees

      • M. R. Ahuja

      Pages 105-121

   8. Gametoclonal Variation in Crop Plants

      • R. E. Veilleux

      Pages 123-133

   9. Protoclonal Variation in Crop Improvement

      • M. Kawata, K. Oono

      Pages 135-148

   10. Chromosomal Basis of Somaclonal Variation in Plants

       • P. K. Gupta

       Pages 149-168

   11. Somaclonal Variation and In-vitro Selection for Crop Improvement

       • P. C. Remotti

       Pages 169-201

   12. Somaclonal Variation in Crop Improvement

       • S. M. Jain, B. S. Ahloowalia, R. E. Veilleux

       Pages 203-218

   13. Field Performance of Banana Micropropagules and Somaclones

       • D. R. Vuylsteke

       Pages 219-231

   14. Somaclonal Variation in Solanaceous Medicinal Plants

       • K.-M. Oksman-Caldentey

       Pages 233-251

3. Section 2

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 253-253

      PDF

   2. Induced Mutation in Plant Breeding: Current Status and Future Outlook

      • P. Donini, A. Sonnino

      Pages 255-291

   3. In-vitro Techniques and Mutagenesis for the Improvement of Vegetatively Propagated Plants

      • B. S. Ahloowalia

      Pages 293-309

   4. Mutation Breeding in Cereals and Legumes

      • P. K. Gupta

      Pages 311-332

   5. Induced Mutations in Ornamental Plants

      • A. Schum, W. Preil

      Pages 333-366

Genetic variability is an important parameter for plant breeders in any con­ ventional crop improvement programme. Very often the desired variation is un­ available in the right combination, or simply does not exist at all. However, plant breeders have successfully recombined the desired genes from cultivated crop gerrnplasm and related wild species by sexual hybridization, and have been able to develop new cultivars with desirable agronomie traits, such as high yield, disease, pest, and drought resistance. So far, conventional breeding methods have managed to feed the world's ever-growing population. Continued population growth, no further scope of expanding arable land, soil degradation, environ­ mental pollution and global warrning are causes of concern to plant biologists and planners. Plant breeders are under continuous pressure to improve and develop new cultivars for sustainable food production. However, it takes several years to develop a new cultivar. Therefore, they have to look for new technologies, which could be combined with conventional methods to create more genetic variability, and reduce the time in developing new cultivars, with early-maturity, and improved yield. The first report on induced mutation of a gene by HJ. Muller in 1927 was a major mi1estone in enhancing variation, and also indicated the potential applica­ tions of mutagenesis in plant improvement. Radiation sources, such as X-rays, gamma rays and fast neutrons, and chemical mutagens (e. g. , ethyl methane sulphonate) have been widely used to induce mutations.

• Embryo
• Expression
• Fruit
• Mutant
• Mutation
• chromosome
• gene expression
• genes
• genetics
• molecular aspects
• molecular biology
• transgene expression

• Department of Plant Production, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

  S. M. Jain

• Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biochemistry Division, International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines

  D. S. Brar

• Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Vienna, Austria

  B. S. Ahloowalia

Policies and ethics