The American Monetary System

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-xxii

   PDF

2. Historical Perspectives on Money, Financial Institutions and Markets

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 1-1

      PDF

   2. What Gives Money Its Value? From Gold to Paper

      • William H. Wallace

      Pages 3-18

   3. What Is Driving the Financial World Today?

      • William H. Wallace

      Pages 19-28

3. Banking: Asset and Liability Management; Banking Supervision and Regulation

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 29-29

      PDF

   2. How Are Banks Funded?

      • William H. Wallace

      Pages 31-57

   3. How Do Banks Use Their Funds? The Asset Side of the Balance Sheet

      • William H. Wallace

      Pages 59-78

   4. Who Owns the Banks? Bank Capital and the Basel Accord

      • William H. Wallace

      Pages 79-85

   5. How Safe Are Our Banks? Supervision and Regulation of the Financial System

      • William H. Wallace

      Pages 87-96

4. Financial Markets and the Management of Financial Risk

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 97-97

      PDF

   2. What Makes the System Work? The Discipline of the Markets

      • William H. Wallace

      Pages 99-114

   3. Who Finances American Industry? The Relative Roles of Commercial and Investment Banking

      • William H. Wallace

      Pages 115-138

   4. What Went Wrong, and What Are We Doing to Fix It? A Chronology of Financial Crises

      • William H. Wallace

      Pages 139-151

   5. Why Have Financial Risks Skyrocketed, and How Is the Industry Dealing with It?

      • William H. Wallace

      Pages 153-165

5. Central Banking and Monetary Policy

   1. Front Matter

      Pages 167-167

      PDF

   2. What Are the Purposes and Functions of the Federal Reserve System?

      • William H. Wallace

      Pages 169-181

   3. How Is American Monetary Policy Made, and How Does It Affect the Domestic and Global Economies?

      • William H. Wallace

      Pages 183-208

   4. A Career with the Federal Reserve: Some Personal Reminiscences

      • William H. Wallace

      Pages 209-219

6. Back Matter

   Pages 221-228

   PDF

Today’s financial system is considerably more complex than in years past, as new financial instruments have been introduced that are not well understood even by the people and institutions that invest in them. Numerous high-risk opportunities are available, and the number of people who unwittingly wander into such ventures seems to grow daily. There is also the realization that people’s lives are affected by the financial system without their overt participation in it. Despite no active participation, pensions can be emasculated by a sudden decline in interest rates, or a rise in rates can increase the monthly payments on a mortgage, credit cards or other debt. This book looks at the history of the American banking system, including the passage of the Federal Reserve Act in 1913, the implementation of deposit insurance, along with certain other provisions of the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933, the Bretton-Woods agreements, the forces of technological innovation and the Dodd-Frank Act, passed by Congress in 2010 for regulatory reform. This book will be of interest to undergraduate and graduate level students that want to gain a broad understanding of how the financial system works, why it is important to the economy as a whole, and what its strengths and weaknesses are. Also, readers should gain an understanding of what the Federal Reserve, other regulators and other central banks are doing, and will be in a position to critique their actions and say with some depth of understanding why they agree or disagree with them.

• Central Banking
• Financial Risk
• Global Economies
• Monetary Policy
• Monetary Policy
• US Financial Institutions

This book is a true tour de force – a readable, comprehensive description of the evolution of The American Monetary System since the founding of the nation. Very few would have the intellectual capacity, the talent, the training and the experience to put it all in perspective. But somehow Bill Wallace has done the job.

I worked with Bill closely when I was the Chairman of the Federal Reserve Board. Consequently, I was a principal beneficiary of his long experience, his well-balanced judgment, and his dedication to the Federal Reserve and its leadership.

His varied responsibilities over the decades at “the Fed” provided a superb vantage point from which he could observe and participate in rapid financial change, the associated turbulence, and the official response to all-too-frequent crises. What I was slow to recognize was his ability to write so clearly and simply, making this book not only a point of reference about the world of finance but a well-informed readable analysis of one important element of American economic and political life.

Bill Wallace was a model public servant, bringing his analytical skills together with a clear sense of the practical problems of monetary policy and financial regulation. He also loved to teach. It is the combination of those ingerests that make this book, with its subtitle of ‘An Insider’s View of Financial Institutions, Markets and Monetary Policy’ so relevant today.

The book is not a blow-by-blow description of the latest and largest crisis. It does something more important. It puts today’s problems in the context of inevitable change – change that has recurrent market characteristics even as it has features unique to a world of computers and the internet, of instantaneous communication, and of “synthetic” securities and “derivatives” instruments.

Quite simply, it is a volume that deserves space on your book shelf.

Paul Volcker

12/9/2013

• Dallas, USA

  William H. Wallace

Policies and ethics