Objectification and (De)Humanization

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-ix

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2. Toward a Unified Theory of Objectification and Dehumanization

   • Sarah J. Gervais, Philippe Bernard, Olivier Klein, Jill Allen

   Pages 1-23

3. The Psychology of Humanness

   • Nick Haslam, Steve Loughnan, Elise Holland

   Pages 25-51

4. Varieties of (De) Humanization: Divided by Competition and Status

   • Susan T. Fiske

   Pages 53-71

5. Immortal Objects: The Objectification of Women as Terror Management

   • Jamie L. Goldenberg

   Pages 73-95

6. On Objects and Actions: Situating Self-Objectification in a System Justification Context

   • Rachel M. Calogero

   Pages 97-126

7. Motivated Mind Perception: Treating Pets as People and People as Animals

   • Nicholas Epley, Juliana Schroeder, Adam Waytz

   Pages 127-152

8. Discrimination, Objectification, and Dehumanization: Toward a Pantheoretical Framework

   • Bonnie Moradi

   Pages 153-181

9. Back Matter

   Pages 183-188

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​​People often see nonhuman agents as human-like. Through the processes of anthropomorphism and humanization, people attribute human characteristics, including personalities, free will, and agency to pets, cars, gods, nature, and the like. Similarly, there are some people who often see human agents as less than human, or more object-like. In this manner, objectification describes the treatment of a human being as a thing, disregarding the person's personality and/or sentience. For example, women, medical patients, racial minorities, and people with disabilities, are often seen as animal-like or less than human through dehumanization and objectification. These two opposing forces may be a considered a continuum with anthropomorphism and humanization on one end and dehumanization and objectification on the other end. Although researchers have identified some of the antecedents and consequences of these processes, a systematic investigation of the motivations that underlie this continuum is lacking. Considerations of this continuum may have considerable implications for such areas as everyday human functioning, interactions with people, animals, and objects, violence, discrimination, relationship development, mental health, or psychopathology. The edited volume will integrate multiple theoretical and empirical approaches on this issue.​

• anthropomorphism
• instrumentalization
• motivation behind objectification
• objectification and Minority Stress Theories
• objectification and violence
• objectification of women
• sexualization

• , Dept of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA

  Sarah J. Gervais

Dr. Gervais has a dual Ph.D. in Psychology and Women's Studies from the Pennsylvania State University. Dr. Gervais' research examines power and subtle prejudice. Examining behaviors like the objectifying gaze, patronization, and interpersonal confrontation, Dr. Gervais has found that the discriminatory acts of powerful people are often more subtle and nuanced than previously thought, but they still have negative consequences for recipients. Dr. Gervais also examines the relationship between subtle prejudice, public policy, and law.

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