Skip to main content
Log in

A multi-property fluorescent probe for the investigation of polymer dynamics near the glass transition

  • RICCCE 18
  • Published:
Central European Journal of Chemistry

Abstract

In addition to the commonly observed single molecule fluorescence intensity fluctuations due to molecular reorientation dynamics, a perylene bisimide-calixarene compound (1) shows additional on-off fluctuations due to its ability to undergo intramolecular excited state electron transfer (PET). This quenching process is turned on rather sharply when a film of poly(vinylacetate) containing 1 is heated above its glass transition temperature (T g), which indicates that the electron transfer process depends on the availability of sufficient free volume. Spatial heterogeneities cause different individual molecules to reach the electron transfer regime at different temperatures, but these heterogeneities also fluctuate in time: in the matrix above T g molecules that are mostly nonfluorescent due to PET can become fluorescent again on timescales of seconds to minutes.

The two different mechanisms for intensity fluctuation, rotation and PET, thus far only observed in compound 1, make it a unique probe for the dynamics of supercooled liquids.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M.L. Williams, R.F. Landel, J.D. Ferry, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 77, 3701 (1955)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. R.M. Kimmel, D.R. Uhlmann, J. Appl. Phys. 40, 4254 (1969)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. M.T. Cicerone, F.R. Blackburn, M.D. Ediger, J. Chem. Phys. 102, 471 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. H. Sillescu, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 243, 81 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. B.C. Barja, C. Chesta, T.D.Z. Atvars, P.F. Aramendia, J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 16180 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. R. Svoboda, P. Pustková, J. Málek, Polymer 49, 3176 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. P.G. Santangelo, K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, Macromolecules 26, 2682 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. C.M. Roland, L.A. Archer, P.H. Mott, J. Rheol. 48, 395 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. K.L. Ngai, D.J. Plazek, A.K. Rizos, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 35, 599 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. M.T. Cicerone, M.D. Ediger, J. Chem. Phys. 105, 5684 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. T. Xia, L. Xiao, M. Orrit, J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 15724 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. R. Zondervan, F. Kulzer, G.C.G. Berkhout, M. Orrit, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 12628 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. A. Schob, F. Cichos, J. Schuster, C. von Borczykowski, Eur. Polym. J. 40, 1019 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. E. Vidal Russell, N.E. Israeloff, Nature Chem. 408, 695 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. T. Ha, T.A. Laurence, D.S. Chemla, S. Weiss, J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 6839 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. F.R. Blackburn, M.T. Cicerone, M.D. Ediger, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed. 32, 2595 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. C.Y. Wang, M.D. Ediger, J. Chem. Phys. 112, 6933 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. N. Tomczak, R.A.L. Valleé, E.M.H.P. van Dijk, M. García-Parajó, L. Kuipers, N.F. van Hulst, G.J. Vancso, Eur. Polym. J. 40, 1001 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. M. Tyagi, A. Alegría, J. Colmenero, Phys. Rev. E 75, 061805 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. K.L. Ngai, C.M. Roland, Polymer 43, 567 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. M. Tyagi, A. Alegría, J. Colmenero, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 244909 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. C.M. Roland, R. Casalini, Macromolecules 36, 1361 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. U. Tracht, M. Wilhelm, A. Heuer, H. Feng, K. Schmidt-Rohr, H.W. Spiess, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 2727 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. X. Wu, Z. Zhu, J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 11147 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. E. Braeken, G. De Cremer, P. Marsal, G. Pepe, K. Müllen, R.A.L. Valleé, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 12201 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. C.Y.J. Wei, D.A. VandenBout, J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 2253 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. S. Nie, D.T. Chiu, R. N. Zare, Science 266, 1018 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. W.E. Moerner, J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 910 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. F. Kulzer, T. Xia, M. Orrit, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 49, 854 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. L.J. Kaufman, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 64, 177 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. H. Uji-i, S.M. Melnikov, A. Deres, G. Bergamini, F. De Schryver, A. Herrmann, K. Müllen, J. Enderlein, J. Hofkens, Polymer 47, 2511 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. R.A.L. Valleé, M. Baruah, J. Hofkens, F.C. De Schryver, N. Boens, M. Van der Auweraer, D. Beljonne, J. Chem. Phys. 126, 184902 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. R.A.L. Vallée, M. Cotlet, M. Van Der Auweraer, J. Hofkens, K. Müllen, F.C. De Schryver, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 2296 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. R.A.L. Valleé, N. Tomczak, G.J. Vancso, L. Kuipers, N.F. van Hulst, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 114704 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. J.N. Clifford, T.D.M. Bell, P. Tinnefeld, M. Heilemann, S.M. Melnikov, J. Hotta, M. Sliwa, P. Dedecker, M. Sauer, J. Hofkens, E.K.L. Yeow, J. Phys. Chem. B 111, 6987 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Y.W. Hou, A.M. Bardo, C. Martinez, D.A. Higgins, J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 212 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. D.A. Higgins, M.M. Collinson, G. Saroja, A.M. Bardo, Chem. Mater. 14, 3734 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. C. Hippius, I.H.M. van Stokkum, E. Zangrando, R.M. Williams, F. Würthner, J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 13988 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. J.R. Siekierzycka, C. Hippius, F. Würthner, R.M. Williams, A.M. Brouwer, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 1240 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. A.N. Adhikari, N.A. Capurso, D. Bingemann, J. Chem. Phys. 127, 114508 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. C. Hippius, F. Schlosser, M.O. Vysotsky, V. Böhmer, F. Würthner, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 3870 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. B. Valeur, Molecular Fluorescence. Principles and Applications (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002)

    Google Scholar 

  43. V. Veissier, J.L. Viovy, L. Monnerie, J. Phys. Chem. 93, 1709 (1989)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. L.B.-Å. Johansson, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 86, 2103 (1990)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. D. Axelrod, Biophys. J. 26, 557 (1979)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. D. Axelrod, Methods in Cell Biology 30, 333 (1989)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. H. Nyquist, Proc. IEEE 90, 280 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. S. Adhikari, M. Selmke, F. Cichos, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13, 1849 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. A.P. Bartko, R.M. Dickson, J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 3053 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. J. Bernard, L. Fleury, H. Talon, M. Orrit, J. Chem. Phys. 98, 850 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. T. Plakhotnik, E.A. Donley, U.P. Wild, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 48, 181 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. T. Irngartinger, A. Renn, U.P. Wild, J. Lumin. 66-67, 232 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. R. Zondervan, F. Kulzer, S.B. Orlinskii, M. Orrit, J. Phys. Chem. A 107, 6770 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. R. Zondervan, F. Kulzer, M.A. Kol’chenko, M. Orrit, J. Phys. Chem. A 108, 1657 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. F. Köhn, J. Hofkens, R. Gronheid, M. Van Der Auweraer, F.C. De Schryver, J. Phys. Chem. A 106, 4808 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. A. Deres, G.A. Floudas, K. Müllen, M. Van Der Auweraer, F. De Schryver, J. Enderlein, H. Uji-i, J. Hofkens, Macromolecules 44, 9703 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. M. Orrit, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52, 163 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. L.E. Walther, N.E. Israeloff, E. Vidal Russell, H. Alvarez Gomariz, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 57, R15112 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. S.A. Mackowiak, T.K. Herman, L.J. Kaufman, J. Chem. Phys. 131, 244513 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. S.A. Mackowiak, L.J. Kaufman, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2, 438 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. L.-M. Wang, R. Richert, J. Chem. Phys. 120, 11082 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. L.M. Leone, L.J. Kaufman, J. Chem. Phys. 138, 12A524 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. D. Thomsson, H.Z. Lin, I.G. Scheblykin, ChemPhysChem 11, 897 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. J. Hofkens, M. Maus, T. Gensch, T. Vosch, M. Cotlet, F. Köhn, A. Herrmann, K. Müllen, F. De Schryver, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 9278 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. M. Haase, C.G. Hübner, F. Nolde, K. Müllen, T. Basché, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13, 1776 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. B. Araoz, D. Täuber, C. von Borczyskowski, P.F. Aramendia, J. Phys. Chem. C 116, 7573 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. M.J. Rust, M. Bates, X. Zhuang, Nat. Meth. 3, 793 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. G. Patterson, M. Davidson, S. Manley, J. Lippincott-Schwartz, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 61, 345 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. S.W. Hell, Nat. Meth. 6, 24 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. S. van de Linde, U. Endesfelder, A. Mukherjee, M. Schüttpelz, G. Wiebusch, S. Wolter, M. Heilemann, M. Sauer, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 8, 465 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. P. Dedecker, G.C. Mo, T. Dertinger, J. Zhang, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109, 10909 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Albert M. Brouwer.

About this article

Cite this article

Siekierzycka, J.R., Hippius, C., Würthner, F. et al. A multi-property fluorescent probe for the investigation of polymer dynamics near the glass transition. cent.eur.j.chem. 12, 937–952 (2014). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11532-014-0544-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11532-014-0544-0

Keywords

Navigation