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The Impact of Training Modalities on the Clinical Benefits of Exercise Intervention in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Risk or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Abstract

Exercise training intervention represents an effective means to reduce adipose tissue mass, improve glycaemic control and increase whole-body oxygen uptake capacity (V̇O2peak) in obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart disease patients. In this manuscript, we review the impact of different exercise training modalities on clinical benefits of prolonged exercise intervention in these patient (sub)populations. By changing training modalities, significantly greater clinical benefits can be obtained Greater training frequency and longer programme duration is associated with greater reduction in adipose tissue mass in obesity patients. A greater training frequency (up to 2 days/week) and a longer programme duration (up to 38 weeks) seems to be associated with greater improvements in V̇O2peak in heart disease patients. Longer programme duration and addition of resistancetype exercise further improve glycaemic control in T2DM patients. The first line of evidence seems to indicate that high-intensity interval exercise training has a greater impact on V̇O2peak in heart disease patients and insulin sensitivity in subjects with metabolic syndrome, but not on adipose tissue mass in obese subjects. However, it remains unclear whether addition of resistancetype exercise and continuous higher-intensity endurance-type exercise training are accompanied by greater improvements in V̇O2peak in heart disease patients. Furthermore, the impact of training session duration/volume on adipose tissue mass loss and glycaemic control in obesity and T2DM patients, respectively, is currently unknown. The impact of training frequency on glycaemic control remains to be investigated in T2DM patients.

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Acknowledgements

This review was supported by an unrestricted grant from the clinical research foundation Hartcentrum Hasselt. There has been no previous presentation and the authors have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the contents of this review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jessa Hospital/Heart Centre Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium

    Dominique Hansen & Paul Dendale

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium

    Dominique Hansen & Paul Dendale

  3. Rehabilitation & Healthcare Research Centre, Department of Healthcare, PHL-University College, Hasselt, Belgium

    Dominique Hansen

  4. Department of Human Movement Sciences, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands

    Luc J. C. van Loon

  5. Department of Human Physiology and Sports Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium

    Romain Meeusen

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  1. Dominique Hansen
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  3. Luc J. C. van Loon
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  4. Romain Meeusen
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Correspondence to Romain Meeusen.

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Hansen, D., Dendale, P., van Loon, L.J.C. et al. The Impact of Training Modalities on the Clinical Benefits of Exercise Intervention in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Risk or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Sports Med 40, 921–940 (2010). https://doi.org/10.2165/11535930-000000000-00000

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