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Form pressure generated by fresh concrete: a review about practice in formwork design

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Abstract

In this paper, several current industrial practices in formwork design are presented focusing on the normative calculation of the form pressure. Most of the current Standards are devoting for the design of the formwork for the normal vibrated concrete. Currently, the Standards are being updated to include provisions for the newly adapted concrete, such as the flowable concrete and self-consolidating concrete. However, the experience with these methods is still limited. The available methods for calculating the formwork pressure for the flowable concrete and SCC are based on measuring the shear strength of concrete using different concepts, such as the setting time of concrete or the structural build-up at rest. More field work is necessary to validate and provide the confidence to the available methods for the formwork pressure calculation. With this information the regulations could be improved to ensure a more economic formwork design. The paper was discussed within the RILEM TC 233-FPC “Form pressure generated by fresh concrete”.

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Notes

  1. The load information in the following is intended for use with working stress design standards. When limit states design procedures are used, these loads must be taken as specified live loads and factored in accordance with the requirements of the applicable Standards.

Abbreviations

a :

Spread in the flow-table test (mm)

b, d :

Formwork dimensions (m)

g :

Gravity constant (m/s2)

h :

Distance from the concrete level to a certain location (m)

h E :

Distance from the concrete level to the location where the concrete has achieved the final setting (m)

h S :

Hydrostatic height corresponding to the maximum pressure (m)

H (h):

Height of the casting section (m)

s :

Slump (mm)

T :

Concrete temperature (°C)

t E :

Final setting time of the concrete (h)

v (R):

Mean placing rate (m/h)

V :

Variation coefficient (–)

γ c (w):

Specific concrete weight (γc = ρc × g = density of the fresh concrete × gravity) (kN/m3)

γ F :

Partial safety factor on the load (–)

γ g :

Global safety factor (–)

ρc :

Concrete density (g/cm3)

σ h :

Horizontal (lateral) pressure of fresh concrete (kN/m2)

σ hk,max (P max):

Maximum characteristic lateral pressure of fresh concrete (kN/m2)

References

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Technische Universität Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany

    Tilo Proske

  2. Missouri University of Science and Technology, 224 Engineering Research Lab, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA

    Kamal H. Khayat

  3. Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada

    Ahmed Omran

  4. MEVA Schalungssysteme GmbH, Industriestraße 5, 72221, Haiterbach, Germany

    Olaf Leitzbach

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  1. Tilo Proske
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  2. Kamal H. Khayat
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  3. Ahmed Omran
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  4. Olaf Leitzbach
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Correspondence to Tilo Proske.

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Proske, T., Khayat, K.H., Omran, A. et al. Form pressure generated by fresh concrete: a review about practice in formwork design. Mater Struct 47, 1099–1113 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-014-0274-y

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