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In situ surface protection for enhancing stability and performance of conversion-type cathodes

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Abstract

The use of in situ formed protective layer on conversion cathodes was introduced as a cheap and simple strategy to shield these materials from undesirable interactions with liquid electrolytes.

Conversion-type cathodes have been viewed as promising candidates to replace Ni- and Co-based intercalation-type cathodes for next-generation lithium (Li) and Li-ion batteries with higher specific energy, lower cost, and potentially longer cycle life. Typically, in conversion reactions two or three Li ions may be stored per just one atom of chalcogen (e.g., S or Se) or transition metal (e.g., Fe or Cu used in halides). Unfortunately, in conversion chemistries the active materials or intermediate charge/discharge products suffer from various unfavorable interactions and dissolution in organic electrolytes. In this mini-review article, we discuss the current interfacial challenges and focus on the protective layers in situ formed on the cathode surface to effectively shield conversion materials from undesirable interactions with liquid electrolytes. We further explore the mechanisms and current progress of forming such protective layers by using various salts, solvents, and additives together with the insight from molecular modeling. Finally, we discuss future opportunities and perspectives of in situ surface protection.

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Acknowledgments

Different aspects of this work were supported by the Army Research Office (ARO Grant No. W911NF-17-1-0053), Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR Grant No. FA9550-13-1-0054) and NASA Minority University Research and Education Project (MUREP) project (NASA Grant Nos. NNX15AP44A and IAA NND16AA29I).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA

    Feixiang Wu

  2. Electrochemistry Branch, Sensors and Electron Devices Directorate, Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland, 20783, USA

    Oleg Borodin

  3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA

    Gleb Yushin

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  2. Oleg Borodin
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  3. Gleb Yushin
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Correspondence to Gleb Yushin.

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Wu, F., Borodin, O. & Yushin, G. In situ surface protection for enhancing stability and performance of conversion-type cathodes. MRS Energy & Sustainability 4, 9 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1557/mre.2017.11

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