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Recurrence-Free Survival After Resection of Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Classified According to a Strict Definition of Tumor Rupture: A Population-Based Study

  • Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas
  • Published:
Annals of Surgical Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

In gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), rupture is a high-risk feature and an indication for adjuvant treatment; however, the independent impact of rupture on prognosis is uncertain and the term is inconsistently defined. In the present study, a previously proposed definition of ‘tumor rupture’ was applied on a population-based cohort of gastric GISTs.

Methods

Patients undergoing surgery for non-metastatic gastric GISTs from 2000 to 2015 were identified in the regional sarcoma database of Oslo University Hospital. Tumor rupture included spillage or fracture, piecemeal resection, incisional biopsy, blood-tinged ascites, gastric perforation, and microscopic adjacent infiltration. Minor defects of tumor integrity were not considered rupture, i.e. core needle biopsy, peritoneal tumor penetration, superficial peritoneal rupture, and R1 resection. Risk was assessed according to the modified National Institutes of Health consensus criteria.

Results

Among 242 patients, tumor rupture occurred in 22 patients and minor defects of tumor integrity occurred in 81 patients. Five-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) for patients with tumor rupture, minor defects of tumor integrity, and no defect was 37, 91, and 96%, respectively (p < 0.001). In the high-risk group, 5 year RFS for patients with rupture was 37%, versus 77% without rupture (hazard ratio 3.56, 95% confidence interval 1.57–8.08, p = 0.001). On multivariable analysis, tumor rupture and mitotic index were independently associated with recurrence. Of 13 patients who received adjuvant imatinib after tumor rupture, 11 relapsed.

Conclusions

Tumor rupture according to the present definition was independently associated with recurrence. With tumor rupture, patients relapsed despite adjuvant treatment. Without rupture, prognosis was good, even in the high-risk group.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are indebted to Ms. Trine Thoresen, administrator of the Sarcoma Database at OUH, for secretarial assistance, and Ms. Jeanne-Marie Berner, PhD, head of the Section for Molecular Pathology, for providing mutational data. In the present study, information from the Cancer Registry of Norway has been used. The interpretation and reporting of these data are the responsibility of the authors and no endorsement by the Cancer Registry of Norway should be inferred.

Funding

This work was supported by the Norwegian Cancer Society (Grant Number 5790283 to KB).

Disclosures

Toto Hølmebakk, Ivar Hompland, Bodil Bjerkehagen, Stephan Stoldt, Øyvind Sverre Bruland, Kirsten Sundby Hall, and Kjetil Boye declare no conflict of interests.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Abdominal and Pediatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway

    Toto Hølmebakk MD & Stephan Stoldt MD

  2. Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway

    Ivar Hompland MD, Øyvind Sverre Bruland MD, PhD, Kirsten Sundby Hall MD, PhD & Kjetil Boye MD, PhD

  3. Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Ivar Hompland MD & Øyvind Sverre Bruland MD, PhD

  4. Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway

    Bodil Bjerkehagen MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Toto Hølmebakk MD
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  2. Ivar Hompland MD
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  3. Bodil Bjerkehagen MD, PhD
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  4. Stephan Stoldt MD
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  5. Øyvind Sverre Bruland MD, PhD
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  6. Kirsten Sundby Hall MD, PhD
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  7. Kjetil Boye MD, PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Toto Hølmebakk MD.

Electronic supplementary material

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10434_2018_6353_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Recurrence-free survival after complete resection of gastric GISTs. Kaplan–Meier survival curves of recurrence-free survival. a For the complete cohort; and b by the modified NIH criteria. GISTs gastrointestinal stromal tumors, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, NIH National Institutes of Health. aCalculated between intermediate- and high-risk tumors. Supplementary material 1 (TIFF 1746 kb)

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Hølmebakk, T., Hompland, I., Bjerkehagen, B. et al. Recurrence-Free Survival After Resection of Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Classified According to a Strict Definition of Tumor Rupture: A Population-Based Study. Ann Surg Oncol 25, 1133–1139 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-018-6353-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-018-6353-5

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