Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

CD4 Help and Tumor Immunity: Beyond the Activation of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

  • Editorial
  • Published:
Annals of Surgical Oncology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

REFERENCES

  1. Mosmann TR, Sad S. The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more. Immunol Today 1996; 17: 138–46.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Murray JS. How the MHC selects Th1/Th2 immunity. Immunol Today 1998; 19: 157–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Constant SL, Bottomly K. Induction of Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cell responses: the alternative approaches. Annu Rev Immunol 1997; 15: 297–322.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Lowes MA, Bishop GA, Crotty K, et al. T helper 1 cytokine mRNA is increased in spontaneously regressing primary melanomas. J Invest Dermatol 1997; 108: 914–19.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Wagner SN, Schultewolter T, Wagner C, et al. Immune response against human primary malignant melanoma: a distinct cytokine mRNA profile associated with spontaneous regression. Lab Invest 1998; 78: 541–50.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Goedegebuure PS, Lee KY, Matory YL, et al. Classification of CD4+ T helper cell clones in human melanoma. Cell Immunol 1994; 156: 170–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Lee KY, Goedegebuure PS, Linehan DC, Eberlein TJ. Immunoregulatory effects of CD4+ T helper subsets in human melanoma. Surgery 1995; 117: 365–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hu HM, Urba WJ, Fox BA. Gene-modified tumor vaccine with therapeutic potential shifts tumor-specific T cell response from a type 2 to a type 1 cytokine profile. J Immunol 1998; 161: 3033–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Kobayashi M, Kobayashi H, Pollard RB, Suzuki F. A pathogenic role of Th2 cells and their cytokine products on the pulmonary metastasis of murine B16 melanoma. J Immunol 1998; 160: 5869–73.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hung K, Hayashi R, Lafond-Walker A, et al. The central role of CD4(+) T cells in the antitumor immune response. J Exp Med 1998; 188: 2357–68.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Hsueh EC, Famatiga E, Shu S, Ye X, Morton DL. Peripheral Blood CD4+ T-Cell Response Before Postoperative Active Immunotherapy Correlates with Clinical Outcome in Metastatic Melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2004; 11: 892–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Hsueh EC, Essner R, Foshag LJ, et al. Prolonged survival after complete resection of disseminated melanoma and active immunotherapy with a therapeutic cancer vaccine. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20: 4549–54.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Chung MH, Gupta RK, Hsueh E, et al. Humoral immune response to a therapeutic polyvalent cancer vaccine after complete resection of thick primary melanoma and sentinel lymphadenectomy. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 313–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Perales MA, Blachere NE, Engelhorn ME, et al. Strategies to overcome immune ignorance and tolerance. Semin Cancer Biol 2002; 12: 63–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Jaeger E, Bernhard H, Romero P, et al. Generation of cytotoxic T-cell responses with synthetic melanoma-associated peptides in vivo: implications for tumor vaccines with melanoma-associated antigens. Int J Cancer 1996; 66: 162–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Rosenberg SA, Zhai Y, Yang JC, et al. Immunizing patients with metastatic melanoma using recombinant adenoviruses encoding MART-1 or gp100 melanoma antigens. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90: 1894–900.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Immunology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

    Miguel-Angel Perales MD & Jedd D. Wolchok MD, PhD

  2. Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10021

    Jedd D. Wolchok MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Miguel-Angel Perales MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jedd D. Wolchok MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jedd D. Wolchok MD, PhD.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Perales, MA., Wolchok, J.D. CD4 Help and Tumor Immunity: Beyond the Activation of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes. Ann Surg Oncol 11, 881–882 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1245/ASO.2004.08.911

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1245/ASO.2004.08.911

Search

Navigation