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Lipidic Systems for In Vivo siRNA Delivery

  • Review Article
  • Theme: siRNA and microRNA: From Target Validation to Therapy
  • Published:
The AAPS Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The ability of small-interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence specific target genes not only offers a tool to study gene function but also represents a novel approach for the treatment of various human diseases. Its clinical use, however, has been severely hampered by the lack of delivery of these molecules to target cell populations in vivo due to their instability, inefficient cell entry, and poor pharmacokinetic profile. Various delivery vectors including liposomes, polymers, and nanoparticles have thus been developed in order to circumvent these problems. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the barriers and recent progress for both local and systemic delivery of therapeutic siRNA using lipidic vectors. Different strategies for formulating these siRNA-loaded lipid particles as well as the general concern about their safe use in vivo will also be discussed. Finally, current advances in the targeted delivery of siRNA and their impacts on the field of RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapy will be presented.

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Abbreviations

ALT:

Alanine transaminase

AST:

Aspartate transaminase

AMD:

Age-related macular degeneration

ApoB:

Apoliproprotein B

β7I:

β7 integrin

BNDF:

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

bp:

Base pair

CA:

Cholesteryl-aminoxy lipid

CDAN:

N 1-cholesteryloxycarbonyl-3,7-diazanonane-1,9-diamine lipid

CyD1:

Cyclin D1

DLinDMA:

1,2-DiLinoleyloxy-N,N-dimethylaminopropane

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DODMA:

N-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride

DOPC:

Dioleoylphosphatidylcholine

DOPE:

Dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine

DODAP:

1,2-Dioleoyl-3-dimethyammonium propane

DOTAP:

1,2-Dioleoyl-3-trimethyammonium propane

DSPC:

1,2-Distearoyl-l-3-glyceryl-phosphatidylcholine

DSPE:

Di-stearoyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine

dsRNA:

Double-stranded RNA

EBOV:

Ebola virus

eIF5A:

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A

EHCO:

(1-Aminoethyl)iminobis[N-(oleicylcysteinylhistinyl-1-aminoethyl)propionamide]

EHV:

Equine herpes virus type 1

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

EphA2:

Eph receptor A2

F105-P:

Antibody fusion protein targeting HIV-infected cells

FVII:

Factor VII

HBsAg:

Hepatitis B surface antigen

HBV:

Hepatitis B virus

HCV:

Hepatitis C virus

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

HFDM:

Hydration of freeze-dried matrix

HSV:

Herpes simplex virus

HIF:

Hypoxia-inducible factor

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HPIV:

Human parainfluenzavirus

Htt:

Huntingtin

Id2:

Inhibitor of DNA-binding-2

IFN:

Interferon

IL:

Interleukin

IP:

Intraperitoneal

IV:

Intravenous

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

LFA-1:

Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1

LIC-101:

Cationic liposomes consist of 2-O-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-carbamoyl-1,3-O-dioleoylglyecerol and egg yolk phosphatidylcholine

LPD:

Lipid-protamine-DNA nanoparticles

LPH:

Lipid-protamine-hyaluronic acid nanoparticles

mRNA:

Messenger RNA

NP:

Nanoparticles

NTS:

Neurotensin receptor 2

OH-Chol:

Cholesteryl-3β-carboxyamidoethylene-N-hydroxyethylamin

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PEI:

Polyethylenimine

PLK1:

Polo-like kinase 1

RES:

Reticuloendothelial system

RGD:

Arg-Gly-Asp

RhoA:

Ras homolog gene family member A

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

RNAi:

RNA interference

RSV:

Respiratory syncytial virus

siRNA:

Short-interfering RNA

SAP:

Self-assembling process

S1P:

Sphingosine 1-phosphate

SNALP:

Stable nucleic acid-lipid particles

STAT:

Signal transducers and activators of transcription

SVF:

Spontaneous vesicle formation

Tf:

Transferrin

TGF:

Transforming growth factor

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

Ubc:

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Diamantina Institute for Cancer, Immunology and Metabolic Medicine, University of Queensland, Level 4, R-Wing, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Rd, Buranda, QLD, 4102, Australia

    Sherry Y. Wu & Nigel A. J. McMillan

  2. School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia

    Sherry Y. Wu

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  2. Nigel A. J. McMillan
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Correspondence to Nigel A. J. McMillan.

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Wu, S.Y., McMillan, N.A.J. Lipidic Systems for In Vivo siRNA Delivery. AAPS J 11, 639–652 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248-009-9140-1

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