Abstract.
While drying of paper and paper coatings is expensive, with significant energy requirements, the rate controlling mechanisms are not currently fully understood. Two two-dimensional models are used as a first approximation to predict the heat transfer during hot air drying and to evaluate the role of various parameters on the drying rates of porous coatings. The models help determine the structural limiting factors during the drying process, while applying for the first time the recently known values of coating thermal diffusivity. The results indicate that the thermal conductivity of the coating structure is not the controlling factor, but the drying rate is rather determined by the thermal transfer process at the structure surface. This underlines the need for ensuring an efficient thermal transfer from hot air to coating surface during drying, before considering further measures to increase the thermal conductivity of porous coatings.
Graphical abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C.M. McLoughlin, W.A.M. McMinn, T.R.A. Magee, Food Bioprod. Process 78, 90 (2000)
D. Sun, Y. Zhang, J. Coat. Technol. Res. 9, 151 (2012)
A.S. Mujumdar, Handbook of Industrial Drying, 3rd edition (CRC Press, Florida, 2006)
B. Bates, State-of-the-art developments to save energy in coating drying, PaperCon (2010)
E. Frank, Dtsch. Drucker. 32, 2 (1996)
W.L. McCabe, J.C. Smith, P. Harriott, Drying of solids, in Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, edited by B.J. Clack, E. Casellano (McGraw-Hill Inc., USA, 1993)
A. Avci, M. Can, A.B. Etemoğlu, Appl. Therm. Eng. 21, 465 (2001)
S.X. Pan, H.T. Davis, L.E. Scriven, Tappi J. 1, 37 (1995)
A. Avci, M. Can, Appl. Therm. Eng. 19, 641 (1999)
B.P.E. Dano, J.A. Liburdy, K. Kanokjaruvijit, Int. J. Heat Mass Trans. 48, 691 (2005)
P. Heikkilä, N. Milosavljevic, Drying Technol. 20, 211 (2002)
P. Heikkilä, N. Milosavljevic, Proceedings of the 13th International Drying Symposium (IDS2002), (Beijing, 2002), pp. 1809-1817
H. Martin, Heat and mass transfer between impinging gas jets and solid surfaces (Academic Press, New York, 1977)
A.G. Yiotis, I.N. Tsimpanogiannis, A.K. Stubos, Y.C. Yortsos, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 297, 738 (2006)
J.B. Laurindo, M. Prat, Chem. Eng. Sci. 51, 5171 (1996)
S.C. Nowicki, H.T. Davies, L.E. Scriven, Drying Technol. 10, 925 (1992)
M. Prat, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 59, 1455 (2007)
M. Prat, Int. J. Multiphase Flow 21, 875 (1995)
M. Prat, Int. J. Multiphase Flow 19, 691 (1993)
A.G. Yiotis, A.K. Boudouvis, A.K. Stubos, I.N. Tsimpanogiannis, Y.C. Yortsos, AIChE J. 50, 2721 (2004)
H. Wang, S.V. Garimella, J.Y. Murthy, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 50, 3933 (2007)
R. Ranjan, J.Y. Murthy, S.V. Garimella, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 54, 169 (2011)
J.B. Laurindo, M. Prat, Chem. Eng. Sci. 53, 2257 (1998)
A.G. Yiotis, I.N. Tsimpanogiannis, A.K. Stubos, Water Resour. Res. 43, 1 (2007)
C. Buffone, K. Sefiane, Int. J. Multiphase Flow 30, 1071 (2004)
P. Gerstner, C.J. Ridgway, J. Paltakari, P.A.C. Gane, Proceedings of the 14th Fundamental Research Symposium (Oxford, UK, 2009)
J.R. Welty, C.E. Wicks, R.E. Wilson, G. Rorrer, Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer (John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2001)
N. Milosavljevic, P. Heikkilä, Proceedings of the 14th International Drying Symposium (IDS 2004), São Polo, Brazil (2004)
P. Heikkilä, N. Milosavljevic, Drying Technol. 21, 1957 (2003)
R. Pesonen, Optimization of a Heatset dryer, Master Thesis (Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland, 2009)
J.P. Holman, Heat Transfer, 10th edition (McGraw Hill, Singapore, 2010)
R. Bolz, G. Tuve, Handbook of Tables for Applied Engineering Science, 2nd edition (CRC Press, Cleveland, 1976)
P. Gerstner, Heat transfer through Porous multiphase systems: measurement, modelling and application in printing of coated papers, Doctoral dissertation (Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland, 2010)
COMSOL Multiphysics Reference manual, Version 5.0
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Songok, J., Bousfield, D., Gane, P. et al. Heat and mass transfer models to understand the drying mechanisms of a porous substrate. Eur. Phys. J. E 39, 25 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2016-16025-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2016-16025-6