Abstract
The Mars 500 international experiment has provided, within a relatively short time period, a large amount of unique research data on the complex effects of interplanetary spaceflight factors (such as isolation, communication delay, international crew, and landing on another planet as a culminating event of the mission) on the behavior and activities of an isolated small group. The resulting patterns necessitate changes in the recruitment, training, and medical and psychological support of the future crew of a manned interplanetary mission.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A Manned Mission to Mars, Ed. by A. S. Koroteev (Ross. Akad. Kosmonavtiki im. K.E. Tsiolkovskogo, Moscow, 2006) [in Russian].
A. I. Grigor’ev, I. B. Ushakov, and B. V. Morukov, “First results of the Mars-500 international megaexperiment,” Pilotiruemye Polety Kosmos, No. 1, (2012).
A. I. Grigor’ev, E. P. Demin, A. F. Bystritskaya, V. I. Gushin, and A. G. Vinokhodova, “Some aspects of organizing the life activities of a Mars mission crew,” Aviakosm. Ekol. Med. 36(5), 3 (2002).
J. W. Stuster, “Bold endeavors: Behavioral lessons from polar and space exploration,” Gravity Space Biol. Bull. 13(2), 49 (2000).
N. Kanas and D. Manzey, Space Psychology and Psychiatry (Kluwer Academic, 2003).
I. L. Janis, “Groupthink,” in Small Groups and Social Interaction, Ed. by H. H. Blumberg, A. P. Hare, V. Kent, and M. F. Davies (John Wiley, Chester, 1983), Vol. 2, pp. 39–46.
A. Yusupova, I. Ushakov, V. Gushin, Communication in Long-Term Space Flights and Space Simulations (LAP LAMBERT Academic, 2011).
D. M. Shved, V. I. Gushin, A. G. Vinokhodova, et al., “Psychophysiological adaptation and communication behavior of human operator during 105-day isolation,” Aviakosm. Ekol. Med. 45(1), 34 (2011).
V. Gushin, D. Shved, A. Vinokhodova, et al., “Some psychophysiological and behavioral aspects of adaptation to simulated autonomous mission to Mars,” Acta Astronaut. 70, 52 (2012).
I. B. Ushakov, V. I. Gushin, I. M. Larina, et al., “Content and structure of crew’s communicative behavior and gonadal hormone excretion during long-term chamber isolation of all-male international crew,” Hum. Physiol. 38(6), 640 (2012).
D. M. Shved, V. I. Gushin, A. G. Vinokhodova, et al., “New method for distant psychological monitoring of the autonomous crews,” Tekhnol. Zhivykh Sistem, No. 2, 25 (2010).
N. Kanas, S. Saylor, M. Harris, et al., “High versus low autonomy in space simulation environments,” Acta Astronaut. 67, 731 (2010).
N. Kanas, G. Sandal, D. Manzey, V. Gushin, et al., “Psychology and culture during long-duration space missions,” Acta Astronaut. 64, 659 (2009).
Simulation of Extended Isolation: Advances and Problems, Ed. by V. M. Baranov (Slovo, Moscow, 2001) [in Russian].
G. De La Torre, B. van Baarsen, F. Ferlazzo, et al., “Future perspectives on space psychology: Recommendations on psychosocial and neurobehavioural aspects of human spaceflight,” Acta Astronaut., No. 2 (2012).
D. A. Urbina and R. Charles, “Symposium keynote: Enduring the isolation of interplanetary travel: A personal account of the Mars 500 mission,” Acta Astronaut. 93, 374 (2014).
D. M. Shved, V. I. Gushin, B. Ehmann, and L. Balazs, “Characteristics of the signal lag effect on crew-control center communications in the 520-day simulation experiment,” Aviakosm. Ekol. Med. 47(3), 19 (2013).
A. A. Leont’ev, Psychology of Communication (Smysl, Moscow, 2008) [in Russian].
B. V. Morukov, M. P. Rykova, E. N. Antropova, et al., “Immunological aspects of a space flight to Mars,” Hum. Physiol. 39(2), 126 (2013).
I. A. Nichiporuk, G. Yu. Vasil’eva, and B. V. Morukov, “Dynamics of the neurohumoral status in the conditions of superlong isolation under the Mars-500 project,” in Collection of Papers of the Seventh International Aerospace Congress IAC’12, Dedicated to the 55th Anniversary of the Launch of the First Artificial Satellite of the Earth (Moscow, 2012), p. 640 [in Russian].
I. M. Zavalko, E. I. Rasskazova, S. A. Gordeev, et al., “Effects of long-term isolation and anticipation of significant event on sleep: Results of the project’ Mars520’,” Hum. Physiol. 39(6), 602 (2013).
M. A. Levinskikh, V. N. Sychev, V. I. Gushin, et al., “A greenhouse within the life support system in the 105day isolation experiment: Biological, technological, and psychological aspects,” Aviakosm. Ekol. Med. 44(4), 57 (2010).
E. Feichtinger, P. Sundblad, R. Charles, et al., “Mars-500: A testbed for psychological crew support during future human exploration missions,” in IEEE Aerospace Conference (2012), pp. 1–17.
P. Suedfeld, “Space memoires: Value hierarchies before and after the missions-a pilot study,” Acta Astronaut. 58, 583 (2006).
P. Suedfeld, J. Brcic, P. Johnson, and V. Gushin, “Personal growth following long-duration spaceflight,” Acta Astronaut. 79, 118 (2012).
E. C. Ihle, J. B. Ritsher, and N. Kanas, “Positive psychological outcomes of spaceflight: An empirical study,” Aviat., Space Environ. Med., No. 2 (2006).
Yu. A. Bubeev, I. B. Ushakov, S. V. Kvasovets, A. V. Ivanov, and A. S. Kal’manov, “Extramental components of psychophysiological reactions in the 105-day isolation experiment,” Aviakosm. Ekol. Med. 44(4) (2010).
I. Shol’tsova and A. G. Vinokhodova, “Control locus, stress resistance, and personal growth in the Mars-500 experiment participants,” Aviakosm. Ekol. Med. 47(3) (2013).
I. Solcova, V. Gushin, A. Vinokhodova, and J. Lukavsky, “Dynamics of emotional energy, work selfefficacy, and perceived similarity during the Mars-500,” Aviat., Space Environ. Med. (in press).
A. Antonovsky, “The salutogenic perspective: Toward a new view of health and illness,” Advances 4(1), 47 (1987).
A. G. Vinokhodova, V. I. Gushin, K. N. Es’kov, and M. M. Khananashvili, “Group psychological selection and optimization of interpersonal interaction in the 105-day isolation experiment,” Aviakosm. Ekol. Med. 44(4) (2010).
D. C. McClelland, “Methods of measuring human motivation,” in Motives in Fantasy, Action, and Society (Van Nostrand, Princeton, 1958).
B. Weiner and A. Kukla, “An attributional analysis of achievement motivation,” J. Personality Soc. Psychol. 15, 1 (1970).
A. V. Dudukin, V. P. Sal’nitskii, Ya. S. Boritko, et al., “Interconnection between personality-predetermined individual behavioral styles and the quality and reliability of professional operator activity,” Aviakosm. Ekol. Med. 47(3) (2013).
D. C. McClelland, J. W. Atkinson, R. A. Clark, and J. W. Lowell, The Achievement Motive (Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1953).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © I.B. Ushakov, B.V. Morukov, Yu.A. Bubeev, V.I. Gushin, G.Yu. Vasil’eva, A.G. Vinokhodova, D.M. Shved, 2014, published in Vestnik Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, 2014, Vol. 84, No. 3, pp. 212–221.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ushakov, I.B., Vladimirovich, M.B., Bubeev, Y.A. et al. Main findings of psychophysiological studies in the Mars 500 experiment. Her. Russ. Acad. Sci. 84, 106–114 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1019331614020063
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1019331614020063