Abstract
It is shown that due to vacuum polarization effects virtual wormholes form a finite (of Planckian order) value of the energy density of zero-point fluctuations. However, such a huge value is compensated by the contribution of virtual wormholes to the mean curvature, and the observed value of the cosmological constant should be close to zero. A non-vanishing value appears due to vacuum polarization in external classical fields.
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Kirillov, A.A., Savelova, E.P. On the value of the cosmological constant in a gas of virtual wormholes. Gravit. Cosmol. 19, 92–100 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0202289313020060
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0202289313020060