Abstract
Aggregate sheath spot and sheath spot of rice were found in Australia in 2001. A disease survey revealed that both diseases are already well distributed within the Australian rice growing areas and that disease severity can be relatively important in some crops. Epidemiological studies showed that under Australian conditions, both Rhizoctonia oryzae and R. oryzae-sativae could overwinter as mycelium on straw debris, regardless of whether the straw is left on the ground or buried. Mycelium of R. oryzae-sativae present on rice straw was also found to be able to produce sclerotia, as a saprophyte, during the overwintering period. Results also strongly suggest that overwintered hyphal fragments present in the debris supplement the sclerotia as a primary source of inoculum, and also highlight the importance of straw management to reduce the inoculum of both pathogens in rice paddocks. The effect of burning stubble on the survival of laboratory-produced sclerotia of R. oryzae-sativae was investigated and it was shown that the vast majority of the sclerotia present on the soil surface survived stubble burning regardless of whether it was a ‘cold burn’ or a ‘hot burn’. A threshold temperature for sclerotial mortality was found to be between 93 and 12 PC.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Archibold OW, Nelson LJ, Ripley EA, Delanoy L (1998) Fire temperatures in plant communities of the northern mixed prairie. Canadian Field Naturalist112, 234–240.
Cintas NA, Webster RK (2001) Effect of rice straw management on Sclerotium oryzae inoculum, stem rot severity and yield of rice in California. Plant Disease85, 1140–1144.
Gunnell PS (1986) Characterization of the teleomorphs of Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae, Rhizoctonia oryzae, and Rhizoctonia zeae, and the effect of cultural practices on aggregate sheath spot of rice, caused by R. oryzae-sativae. PhD Thesis, University of California, Davis, USA.
Gunnell PS (1992) Aggregate sheath spot. In ‘Compendium of rice diseases’. (Eds RK Webster, PS Gunnell) pp. 23–24. (APS Press: St Paul, MN, USA)
Gunnell PS, Webster RK (1984) Aggregate sheath spot of rice in California. Plant Disease68, 529–531.
Gunnell PS, Webster RK (1987) Ceratobasidium oryzae-sativae sp. nov., the teleomorph of Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae and Cerotobasidium setariae comb, nov., the probable teleomorph of Rhizoctonia fumigata comb. nov. Mycologia79, 731–736.
Hardison JR (1976) Fire and flame for plant disease control. Annual Review of Phytopathology14, 355–379. doi: 10.1146/annurev.py. 14.090176.002035
Harris NC, Hemmerling EM, Mallmann AJ (Eds) (1990) ‘Physics principles and applications.’ (McGraw-Hill Publishing Company: New York)
Hashioka Y, Makino M (1969) Rhizoctonia group causing the rice sheath spots in the temperate and tropical regions, with special reference to Pellicularia sasakii and Rhizoctonia oryzae. Research Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu University28, 51–63.
Inagaki K, Tamura M, Makino M (1987) Overwintering in plant residues of rice sclerotial disease fungi, Rhizoctonia and Sclerotium species. Proceedings of the Kansai Plant Protection Society29, 27–29.
Lanoiselet VM, Ash GJ, Cother EJ, Priest MJ, Watson A (2001) First report of Waitea circinata causing sheath spot and Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae causing aggregate sheath spot of rice in Australia. Australasian Plantt Pathology30, 369–370. doi: 10.1071/AP01053
Miller TC, Webster RK (2001) Soil sampling techniques for determining the effect of cultural practices on Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae inoculum in rice field soils. Plant Disease85, 967–972.
Mordue JEM (1974) Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae. In ‘CMI description of pathogenic fungi and bacteria no. 409’. (Eds Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau) (Commonwealth Mycological Institute: Kew, UK)
O’Neill NR (1976) Etiological aspects of foliar blights of rice, soybean, and sorghum caused by Rhizoctonia sp. PhD Thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA.
Ou SH (1985) ‘Rice diseases’. 2nd edn. (Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, UK)
Rush MC (1992) Sheath spot. In ‘Compendium of rice diseases’. (Eds RK Webster, PS Gunnell) pp. 23–24. (APS Press: St Paul, MN, USA).
Ryker TC, Gooch FS (1938) Rhizoctonia sheath spot of rice. Phytopa thology28, 233–246.
Steel RGD, Torrie JH (1960) ‘Principles and procedures of statistics’. (McGraw-Hill Inc.: New York)
Sutherst RW, Maywald GF (1985) A computerised system for matching climate in ecology. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment13, 281–299. doi: 10.1016/0167-8809(85)90016-7
Sutherst RW, Maywald GF, Skarratt DB (1995) Predicting insect distributions in a changed climate. In ‘Insects in a changing environment’. (Eds R Harrington, NE Stork) pp. 59–91. (Academic Press: London)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lanoiselet, V.M., Cottier, E.J., Ash, G.J. et al. Prevalence and survival, with emphasis on stubble burning, of Rhizoctonia spp., causal agents of sheath diseases of rice in Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology 34, 135–142 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1071/AP05010
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/AP05010