Abstract
In the Divide-the-Dollar (DD) game, two players simultaneously make demands to divide a dollar. Each player receives his demand if the sum of the demands does not exceed one, a payoff of zero otherwise. Note that, in the latter case, both parties are punished severely. A major setback of DD is that each division of the dollar is a Nash equilibrium outcome. Observe that, when the sum of the two demands x and y exceeds one, it is as if Player 1's demand x (or his offer (1−x) to Player 2) suggests that Player 2 agrees to λx < 1 times his demand y so that Player 1's demand and Player 2's modified demand add up to exactly one; similarly, Player 2's demand y (or his offer (1−y) to Player 1) suggests that Player 1 agrees to λyx so that λyx+y = 1. Considering this fact, we change DD's payoff assignment rule when the sum of the demands exceeds one; here in this case, each player's payoff becomes his demand times his λ; i.e., each player has to make the sacrifice that he asks his opponent to make. We show that this modified version of DD has an iterated strict dominant strategy equilibrium in which each player makes the egalitarian demand 1/2. We also provide a natural N-person generalization of this procedure.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Binmore, K. (1998), Game Theory and the Social Contract II, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Bloom, D. (1981), Is Arbitration Really Compatible with Bargaining, Industrial Relations 20: 233-244.
Brams, S. and Taylor, A. (1994), Divide the Dollar: Three Solutions and Extensions, Theory and Decision 37: 211-231.
Nash, John (1953), Two-Person Cooperative Games, Econometrica 21: 128-140.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Anbarci, N. Divide-the-Dollar Game Revisited. Theory and Decision 50, 295–303 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010363409312
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010363409312