Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

CLO-PLA2 – a database of clonal plants in central Europe

  • Published:
Plant Ecology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

’CLO-PLA2' (CLOnal PLAnts, version 2) is a database on architectural aspects of clonal growth in vascular plants of central Europe. The database includes 2749 species, characterised by 25 variables, either directly or indirectly related to clonal growth. The total number of items in the database is over 12 750. The structure of the database is described and the variables used to characterise clonal growth of individual species are listed. Two examples of database utilisation are given. The first concerns the relationship between habitat niche width and the mode of clonal growth. Turf graminoids, species with long-lived rhizomes either short to long and formed below-ground, or short and formed above-ground, and short-lived rhizomes formed above-ground, are over-represented among the species with very broad niches and under-represented among the species with narrow niches. In contrast, species multiplying by plant fragments are missing among the species with the broadest niches. The second example explores how individual clonal growth modes are combined in individual species. About 21% of species of clonal plants have more than one mode of clonal growth. Some combinations are over-represented in certain families and environments. The application of phylogenetic independent contrasts (PIC) showed that both phylogenetic constraints and adaptations to particular environmental conditions play important roles in determining the observed pattern.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bazzaz, F. A. 1987. Experimental studies on the evolution of niche in successional plant populations. Pp. 245–271. In: Gray, A. J., Crawley, M. J. & Edwards, P. J. (eds), Colonization, succession and stability. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, M. D. & Leitch, I. J. 1995. Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Ann. Bot. 76: 113–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, M. D. & Leitch, I. J. 1997. Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms – 583 new estimates. Ann. Bot. 80: 169–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borhidi, A. 1995. Social behaviour types, the naturalness and relative ecological indicators of the higher plants in the Hungarian flora. Acta Bot. Hung. 39: 97–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavers, P. B. & Mulligan, G. A. 1972. A new series – The biology of Canadian weeds. Can. J. Pl. Sci. 52: 651–654.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chase, M. W., Soltis, D. E., Olmstead, R. G., Morgan, D., Les, D. H., Mishler, B. D., Duvall, M. R., Price, R. A., Hills, H. G., Qiu, Y.-L., Kron, K. A., Rettig, J. H., Conti, E., Palmer, J. D., Manhart, J. R., Sytsma, K. J., Michaels, H. J., Kress, W. J., Karol, K. G., Clark, W. D., Hedrén, M., Gaut, B. S., Jansen, R. K., Kim, K.-J., Wimpee, C. F., Smith, J. F., Rurnier, G. R., Strauss, S. H., Xiang, Q.-Y., Plunkett, G. M., Soltis, P. S., Swensen, S. M., Williams, S. E., Gadek, P. A., Quinn, C. J., Eguiarte, L. E., Golenberg, E., Learn, G. H., Jr., Graham, S. W., Barrett, S. C. H., Dayanandan, S. & Albert, V. A. 1993. Phylogenetics of seed plants, an analysis of nucleotide sequences from the plastid gene rbcL. Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 80: 528–580.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawley, M. J., 1997(ed.) Plant ecology. Blackwell Science, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cyganov, D. N. 1983. Fitoindikacija ekologičceskich re~imov v podzoněechvojno-širokolistvennych lesov. Nauka, Moscou.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Vries, D. M., Kruine, A. A. & Mooi, H. 1957. Veelvuldigheid van graslandplanten en hun aanwijzing van milieu-eigenschappen. Jaarb. Inst. Biol. Scheik. Onderzoek Landbouwgewassen. 27: 183–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donita, N. et al. 1977. Ecologie forestiera. Edit. Stiint. si Enciclopedica. Bucuresti.

  • Ellenberg, H. 1948. Unkrautgesellschaften als Mass für den Säuregrad, die Verdichtung und andere Eigenschaften des Ackerbodens. Ber. Landtechnik 4: 2–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellenberg, H. 1950. Landwirtschaftliche Pflanzensoziologie. I: Unkrautgemeinschaften als Zeiger für Klima und Boden. Stuttgart.

  • Ellenberg, H. 1952. Landwirtschaftliche Pflanzensoziologie. II: Wiesen und Weiden und ihre standörtliche Bewertung. Stuttgart.

  • Ellenberg, H. 1953. Physiologisches und ökologisches Verhalten derselben Pflanzenarten. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 65: 351–361.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellenberg, H. 1974. Zeigerwerte der Gefässpflanzen Mitteleuropas. Scripta Geobotanica 9: 1–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellenberg, H., Weber, H. E., Düll, R., Wirth, V., Werner, W. & Paulissen, D. 1992. Zeigerwerte der Gefässpflanzen Mitteleuropas. Scripta Geobotanica 18: 1–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elmquist, T. & Cox, P. A. 1996. The evolution of vivipary in flowering plants. Oikos 77: 3–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitter, A. H. & Peat, H. J. 1994. The ecological flora database. J. Ecol. 82: 415–425.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frank, D. & Klotz, S. 1988, 1990. Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora der DDR. Wissenschaftliche Beiträge der Martin Luther Universität in Halle-Wittemberg, 32, 1–167. Ed. 1 and 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giller, P. S. 1984. Community structure and the niche. Chapman & Hall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grime, J. P. 1979. Plant strategies and vegetation processes. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grime, J. P., Hodgson, J. G. & Hunt, R. 1988. Comparative plant ecology. Unwin Hyman.

  • Grubb, P. J. 1977. The maintenance of species-richness in plant communities: the importance of the regeneration niche. Biol. Rev. 52: 107–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harley, J. L. & Harley, E. L. 1987. A check-list of mycorrhiza in the British flora. New Phytol. 105(Suppl.): 1–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, P. H. & Pagel, M. 1991. The Evolutionary Method in Comparative Biology. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, P. H., Read, A. F. & Nee, S. 1995. Why ecologists need to be phylogenetically challenged. J. Ecol. 83: 535–536.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hundt, R. 1966: Ökologisch-geobotanische Untersuchungen an Pflanzen der Mitteleuropäischen Wiesenvegetation. Leipzig.

  • Hutchinson, G. E. 1957. Concluding remarks. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 22: 415–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Irmisch, T. 1850. Zur Morphologie der monokotylischen Knollenund Zwiebelgewächse. G. Reimer, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jongman, R. H., ter Braak, C. J. F. & van Tongeren, O. F. R. 1987. Data analysis in community and landscape ecology. Pudoc, Wageningen.

  • Jurko, A. 1990. Ekologicke a socioekologicke hodnotenie vegetacie. Príroda, Bratislava.

  • Kästner, A. & Karrer, G. 1995: Ñbersicht der Wuchsformtypen als Grundlage für deren Erfassung in der ‘Flora von Österreich’. Fl. Austr. Novit. 3: 1–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirchner, O., Loew, E. & Schröter, C. 1908–1936. Lebensgeschichte der Blütenpflanzen Mitteleuropas. Ulmer, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klapp, E. 1965. Grünlandvegetation und Standort. Berlin.

  • Klimeš, L. 1999. Plant mobility in a species-rich grassland.J. Veg. Sci. (in press).

  • Klimeš, L., Klimešová, J., Hendriks, R. & van Groenendael, J. 1997. Clonal plant architectures: a comparative analysis of form and function. Pp. 1–29. In: de Kroon, H. & van Groenendael, J. (eds), The ecology and evolution of clonal plants. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knuth, P. 1898–1899. Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. I–II. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kull, K. 1997. Vegetative mobility as a community parameter. P. 34. In: Marshall, C. & Price, E. A. C. (eds), Clonal plants and environmental heterogeneity – space, time and scale. Abstracts of 5th clonal plant workshop. Bangor, Wales, U.K.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kutchera, L. & Lichtenegger, E. 1982–1992. Wurzelatlas mitteleuropäischer Ackerkräuter und Kulturpflanzen. Vols. 1–2. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambers, H. & Porter, H. 1992. Inherent variation in growth rate between higher plants: a search for physiological causes and ecological consequences. Adv. Ecol. Res. 23: 188–261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landolt, E. 1977. Ökologische Zeigerwerte zur Schweizer Flora. Veröff. Geobot. Inst. Eidg. Techn. Hochsch. Stift. Rübel Zürich 64: 1–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leibold, M. A. 1995. The niche concept revisited: Mechanistic models and community contex. Ecology 76: 1371–1382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenegger, E., Kutschera, L., Sobotik, M. & Haas, D. 1997. Spezieller Teil. In: Bewurzelung von Pflanzen in den verschedenen Lebensraumen. 5. Band der Wurzelatlas-Reihe. Stapfia 49, 331 pp.

  • Lindacher, R. 1995. PHANART. Datenbank der Gefässpflanzen Mitteleuropas. Erklärung der Kennzahlen, Aufbau und Inhalt. Veröff. Geobot. Inst. ETH, Stiftung Rübel, Zürich 125: 1–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lukasiewicz, A. 1962. Morphological-developmental types of herbs. Prace Komisii biologicznej. PTPN 27/1, 1–398.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacNally, R., 1995. Ecological versatility and community ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malanson, G. P. 1982. The assembly of hanging gardens: effects of age, area, and location. Am. Nat. 119: 145–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manly, B. F. J. 1991. Randomization and Monte Carlo methods in biology. Chapman and Hall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manly, B. F. J. 1997. Randomization, bootstrap and Monte Carlo methods in biology. Chapman and Hall, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meusel, H. & Jäger, E. C. 1965–1992. Vergleichende Chorologie. Vols. I–III. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena.

  • Mráz, K. & Samek, V. 1966. Lesní rostliny. Praha.

  • Oberdorfer, E. 1994. Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ed. 7. Eugen Ulmer, GmbH & Co., Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oberdorfer, E., Korneck D. & Müller, T. 1977–1992. Pflanzengesellschaften Süddeutschlands. Vols. 1–4. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena.

    Google Scholar 

  • Odum, E. P. 1969. The strategy of ecosystem development. Science 164: 262–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peat, H. J. & Fitter, A. H. 1994. Comparative analyses of ecological characteristics of British angiosperms. Biol. Rev. 69: 95–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petersen, A. 1953. Die Gräser als Kulturpflanzen und Unkräuter auf Wiese, Weide und Acker.

  • Poschlod, P., Matthies, D., Jordan, S. & Mengel, Ch. 1996. The biological flora of Central Europe – an ecological bibliography. Bull. Geobot. Inst. ETH 62: 89–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Purvis, A. & Rambaut, A. 1995. Comparative analysis by independent contrasts (CAIC), an Apple Macintosh application for analysing comparative data. Comp. Appl. Biosci. 11: 247–251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pyšek, P. 1997. Clonality and plant invasions: can a trait make a difference? Pp. 405–427. In: de Kroon, H. & van Groenendael, J. (eds), The ecology and evolution of clonal plants. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, the Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabotnov, T. A. 1974, ed. Biologi?ceskaja flora Moskovskoj oblasti. Izdatelstvo Moskovskogo Universiteta, Moscou.

  • Ramenskij, L. G. et al. 1956. Ekologi?ceskaja ocenka kormovych ugodij po rastit?elnomu pokrovu. Moscou.

  • Rauh, W. 1937. Die Bildung von Hypokotyl-und Wurzelsprossen und ihre Bedeutung für die Wuchsformen der Pflanzen. Nova Acta Leopoldina, NF 4/24: 395–552.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricklefs, R. E. 1996. Applications of phylogenetically independent contrasts: a mixed progress report. Oikos 77: 167–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothmaler, W. 1987. Excursion flora for the DDR and BRD. Vol. 3, Volk und Wissen Volkseigener Verlag, Berlin.

  • Rysin, L. P. & Rysina, G. P. 1987.Morfologija i struktura podzemnych organov lenych rastenij. Nauka, Moscou.

  • Sanda, V. et al. 1983. Caracterizarea ecologica si fitocenologica a speciilor spontane din flora Romaniei. Stud. si Comunic. Muz. Brukenthal Sibiu 25. Suppl., pp. 1–126.

  • Schmid, B. 1984. Niche width and variation within and between populations in colonizing species (Carex flava group). Oecologia 63: 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sculthorpe, C. D. 1985. The biology of aquatic vascular plants. Ed. 2, Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein.

  • Silvertown, J., Franco, M. & Harper, J. L. 1997, eds., Plant life histories. Ecology, phylogeny and evolution. Cambridge University Press.

  • Smirnova, O. V. 1987. Struktura travenistogo pokrova širokolistvennych lesov. Nauka, Moscou.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ter Braak, C. J. F. & Barendregt, L. G. 1986. Weighted averaging of species indicator values: its efficiency in environmental calibration. Math. Biosci. 78: 57–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Troll, W. 1937–1942. Vergleichende Morphologie der höheren Pflanzen., Vols. 1–4, Verlag Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • van der Pijl, L. 1969. Principles of dispersal in higher plants. Springer Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Groenendael, J. M., Klimeš, L., Klimešová, J. & Hendriks, R. J. J. 1996. Comparative ecology of clonal plants. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 351: 1331–1339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Velenovský, J. 1905–1913. Vergleichende Morphologie der Pflanzen, Vols. 1–3 and Suppl. Verlagsbuchhandlung von Fr. ? Rivná?c, Prag.

  • Wagner, H. 1955. Die Bewertung der Wasserstufen in der Bodenschätzung des Grünlandes. Bodenkultur, Wien.

  • Weeda, E. J., Westra, R., Westra, C. & Westra, T. 1985–1993. Nederlandse oecologische flora: Wilde planten en hun relaties. Vols. 1–5. IVN, Hilversum.

  • Weither, E. & Keddy, P. A. 1995. Assembly rules, null models, and trait dispersion: new questions from old patterns. Oikos 74: 159–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whittaker, R. H. 1973(ed.) Ordination and classification of communities. Junk, The Hague.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, J. B. & Roxburgh, S. H. 1994. A demonstration of guildbased assembly rules for a plant community, and determination of intrinsic guilds. Oikos 69: 267–276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, J. B. & Watkins, A. J. 1994. Guilds and assembly rules in lawn communities. J. Veg. Sci. 5: 591–600.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittrock, V. B. 1884. About root-shoots in herbs, with special reference to their biological significance. Bot. Not. 1884: 21–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zlatník, A. et al. 1970. Lesnická botanika speciální. Praha.

  • Zólyomi, B. et al. 1966. Einreihung von 1400 Arten der ungarischen Flora in ökologische Gruppen nach TWR-Zahlen. Fragm. Bot. Mus. Hist.-Natur. Hung. 4: 101–142.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Botany, Section of Plant Ecology, Dukelská 145, CZ-379 82, Trebon, Czech Republic

    Leoš Klimeš & Jitka Klimešová

Authors
  1. Leoš Klimeš
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jitka Klimešová
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Klimeš, L., Klimešová, J. CLO-PLA2 – a database of clonal plants in central Europe. Plant Ecology 141, 9–19 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009801216504

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009801216504

Search

Navigation