Abstract
Three random translational β-glucuronidase (gus) gene fusions were previously obtained in Arabidopsis thaliana, using Agrobacterium-mediated transfer of a gus coding sequence without promoter and ATG initiation site. These were analysed by IPCR amplification of the sequence upstream of gus and nucleotide sequence analysis. In one instance, the gus sequence was fused, in inverse orientation, to the nos promoter sequence of a truncated tandem T-DNA copy and translated from a spurious ATG in this sequence. In the second transgenic line, the gus gene was fused to A. thaliana DNA, 27 bp downstream an ATG. In this line, a large deletion occurred at the target site of the T-DNA. In the third line, gus is fused in frame to a plant DNA sequence after the eighth codon of an open reading frame encoding a protein of 619 amino acids. This protein has significant homology with animal and plant (receptor) serine/threonine protein kinases. The twelve subdomains essential for kinase activity are conserved. The presence of a potential signal peptide and a membrane-spanning domain suggests that it may be a receptor kinase. These data confirm that plant genes can be tagged as functional translational gene fusions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Altmann T, Damm B, Halfter U, Willmitzer L, Morris P-C: Protoplast transformation and methods to create specific mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. In: Koncz C, Chua N-H, Schell J. (ed) Methods in Arabidopsis Research, pp. 310–330. World Scientific, Singapore (1992).
André D, Colau D, Schell J, Van Montagu M, Hernalsteens J-P: Gene tagging in plants by a T-DNAinsertion mutagen that generates APH(3')II-plant gene fusions. Mol Gen Genet 204: 512–518 (1986).
Ausubel FM, Brent R, Kingston RE, Moore DD, Seidman JG, Smith JA, Struhl K: The polymerase chain reaction. In: Current Protocols in Molecular Biology'. Wiley and Greene (1987).
Bairoch A, Bucher P, Hofmann K: The PROSITE database, its status in 1995. Nucl Acids Res 24: 189–196 (1996).
Bechtold N, Ellis J, Pelletier G: In planta Agrobacteriummediated gene transfer by infiltration of adult Arabidopsis thaliana plants. CR Acad Sci Paris 316: 1194–1199 (1993).
Borodovsky m, McIninch, J: GeneMark: parallel gene recognition for both DNA strands. Computers Chem 17: 123–133 (1993).
Chang C, Schaller GE, Patterson SE, Kwok SF, Meyerowitz EM, Bleecker AB: The TMK1 gene from Arabidopsis codes for a protein with structural and biochemical characteristics of a receptor protein kinase. Plant Cell 4: 1263–1271 (1992).
Chiou T-J, Bush DR: Molecular cloning, immunochemical localization to the vacuole, and expression in transgenic yeast and tobacco of a putative sugar transporter from sugar beet. Plant Physiol 110: 511–520 (1996).
Colson C, Glover SW, Symonds N, Stacey KA: The location of the genes for host-controlled modification and restriction in Escherichia coli. Genetics 52: 1043–1050 (1965).
Dellaporta SL, Wood J, Hicks JB: A plant DNA minipreparation: version II. Plant Mol Biol Rep 1: 19–21 (1983).
Delorme V, Giranton JL, Hatzfeld Y, Friry A, Heizmann P, Ariza MJ, Dumas C, Gaude T, Cock JM: Characterization of the S locus genes, SLGand SRK, of the Brassica S3 haplotype: identification of a membrane-localized protein encoded by the S locus receptor kinase gene. Plant J 7: 429–440 (1995).
Depicker A, Stachel S, Dhaese P, Zambryski P, Goodman H: Nopaline synthase: transcript mapping and DNA sequence. J Mol Appl Genet 1: 561–573 (1982).
Dwyer KG, Kandasamy MK, Mahosky DI., Acciai J, Kudish BI, Miller JE, Nasrallah ME, Nasrallah JB: A superfamily of S locus-related sequences in Arabidopsis: diverse structures and expression patterns. Plant Cell 6: 1829–1843 (1994).
Feldman KA, Marks MD, Christianson ML, Quatrano RS: A dwarf mutant of Arabidopsis generated by T-DNA insertion mutagenesis. Science 243: 1351–1354 (1989).
Hanks SK, Hunter T: The eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily: kinase (catalytic) domain structure and classification. FASEB J 9: 576–596 (1995).
Hebsgaard SM, Korning PG, Tolstrup N, Engelbrecht J, Rouzé P, Brunak S: Splice site prediction in Arabidopsis thaliana premRNA by combining local and global sequence. Nucl Acids Res 24: 3439–3452 (1996).
Hervé C, Dabos P, Galaud JP, Rougé P, Lescure B: Characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana gene that defines a new class of putative plant receptor kinases with an extracellular lectin-like domain. J Mol Biol 258: 778–788 (1996).
Hirayama T, Oka A: Novel protein kinase of Arabidopsis thaliana (APK1) that phosphorylates tyrosine, serine and threonine. Plant Mol Biol 20: 653–662 (1992).
Jefferson RA, Kavanagh TA, Bevan MW: GUS fusions: betaglucuronidase as a sensitive and versatile gene fusion marker in higher plants. EMBO J 6: 3901–3907 (1987).
Jefferson RA: Plant reporter genes: the GUS gene fusion system. In: Setlow JK (ed) Genetic Engineering: Principles and Methods, vol. 10, pp. 247–263 (1988).
Kertbundit S, DeGreve H, Deboeck F, VanMontagu m, Hernalsteens J-P: In vivo random β-glucuronidase gene fusions in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 5212–5216 (1991).
Kohorn BD, Lane S, Smith TA: An Arabidopsis serine/ threonine kinase homologue with an EGF repeat selected in yeast for its specificity for a thylakoid membrane protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 10989–10992 (1992).
Koncz C, Martini N, Mayerhofer R, Koncz-Kalman Z, Körber H, Rédei GP, Schell J: High-frequency T-DNA mediated gene tagging in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 8467–8471 (1989).
Koncz C, Mayerhofer R, Koncz-Kalman Z, Nawrath C, Reiss B, Rédei GP, Schell J: Isolation of a gene encoding a novel chloroplast protein by T-DNAtagging in Arabidopsis thaliana. EMBO J 9: 1337–1346 (1990).
Kumar V, Trick M: Expression of the S-locus receptor kinase multigene family in Brassica oleracea. Plant J 6: 807–813 (1994).
Logemann J, Schell J, Willmitzer L: Improved method for the isolation of RNAfrom plant tissues. Anal Biochem 163: 16–20 (1987).
Marks GE: A rapid HCl/toluidine blue squash technic for plant chromosomes. Stain Technol 48: 229–231 (1973).
Marks MD, Feldman KA: Trichome development in Arabidopsis thaliana. I. T-DNA tagging of the glabrous 1 gene. Plant Cell 1: 1043–1050 (1989).
Martin CH, Mayeda CA, Davis CA, Ericsson CL, Knafels JD, Mathog DR, Celniker SE, Lewis EB, Palazzolo MJ: Complete sequence of the bithorax complex of Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 8398–8402 (1995).
Martin GB, Brommonschenkel S, Chunwongse J, Frary A, Ganal MW, Spivey R, Wu T, Earle ED, Tanksley SD: Mapbased cloning of a protein kinase gene conferring disease resistance in tomato. Science 262: 1432–1436 (1993).
Martin GB, Frary A, Wu T, Brommonschenkel S, Chunwongse J, Earle ED, Tanksley SD: A member of the pto gene family confers sensitivity to fenthion resulting in rapid cell death. Plant Cell 6: 1543–1552 (1994).
Moran TV, Walker JC: Molecular cloning of two novel protein kinase genes from Arabidopsis thaliana. Biochim Biophys Acta 1216: 9–14 (1993).
Ochman H, Gerber AS, Hartl DL: Genetic applications of an inverse polymerase chain reaction. Genetics 120: 621–625 (1988).
Quandt K, Frech K, Karas H, Wingender E, Werner T:MatInd and MatInspector: new fast and versatile tools for detection of consensus matches in nucleotide sequence data. Nucl Acids Res 23: 4878–4884 (1995).
Sadanandom A, Piffanelli P, Knott T, Robinson C, Sharpe A, Lydiate D, Murphy D, Fairbain D: Identification of a peptide methionine sulphoxide reductase gene in an oleosin promoter from Brassica napus. Plant J 10: 235–242 (1996).
Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T: Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (1989).
Sessa G, Morelli G, Ruberti I: The Athb-1 and-2 HD-Zip domains homodimerize forming complexes of different DNA binding specificities. EMBO J 12: 3507–3517 (1993).
Solano R, Nieto C, Avila J, Cañas L, Diaz I, Paz-Ares J: Dual DNA binding specificity of a petal epidermis-specific MYB transcription factor (MYB.ph3) from Petunia hybrida. EMBO J 14: 1773–1784 (1995).
Swarup R, Dumas C, Cock JM: A new class of receptor-like protein kinase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana possessing a domain with similarity to plant lectin genes. Plant Physiol 111: 347–347 (1996).
Terzaghi WB, Cashmore AB: Light-regulated transcription. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 46: 445–474 (1995).
Torii KU, Mitsukawa N, Oosumi T, Matsuura Y, Yokoyama R, Whittier RF, Komeda Y: The Arabidopsis ERECTA gene encodes a putative receptor protein kinase with extracellular leucine-rich repeats. Plant Cell 8: 735–746 (1996).
Valvekens D, Van Montagu M, Van Lijsebettens M: Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana root explants by using kanamycin selection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 5536–5540 (1988).
Vaucheret H, Kronenberger J, Rouzé P, Caboche M: Complete nucleotide sequence of the two homeologous tobacco nitrate reductase genes. Plant Mol Biol 12: 597–600 (1989).
Vieira J, Messing J: The pUC plasmids, an M13mp7-derived system for insertion mutagenesis and sequencing with synthetic universal primers. Gene 19: 259–268 (1982).
Walker JC and Zhang R: Relationship of a putative receptor protein kinase from maize to the S-locus glycoproteins of Brassica. Nature 345: 743–746 (1990).
Walker JC: Receptor-like protein kinase genes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 3:451–456 (1993).
Wilkinson JQ, Crawford NM: Identification of the Arabidopsis CHL3 gene as the nitrate reductase structural gene NIA2. Plant Cell 3: 461–471 (1991).
Wilson T, Treisman R: Removal of poly(A) and consequent degradation of c-fos mRNA by 3′ AU-rich sequences. Nature 336: 396–399 (1988).
Worley KC, Wiese BA, Smith RF: BEAUTY: an enhanced BLAST-search tool that integrates multiple biological information resources into sequence similarity search results.Genome Res 5: 173–184 (1995).
Yanisch-Perron C, Vieira J, Messing J: Improved M13 phage cloning vectors and host strains: nucleotide sequences of the M13mp18 and pUC19 vectors. Gene 33: 103–119 (1985).
Zhao Y, Feng XH, Watson JC, Bottino PJ, Kung SD:Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of a receptor-like serine/threonine kinase from rice. Plant Mol Biol 26: 791–803 (1994).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kertbundit, S., Linacero, R., Rouzé, P. et al. Analysis of T-DNA-mediated translational β-glucuronidase gene fusions. Plant Mol Biol 36, 205–217 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005902730810
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005902730810