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Preparing for Climatic Change: The Water, Salmon, and Forests of the Pacific Northwest

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Abstract

The impacts of year-to-year and decade-to-decade climatic variations on some of the Pacific Northwest's key natural resources can be quantified to estimate sensitivity to regional climatic changes expected as part of anthropogenic global climatic change. Warmer, drier years, often associated with El Niño events and/or the warm phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, tend to be associated with below-average snowpack, streamflow, and flood risk, below-average salmon survival, below-average forest growth, and above-average risk of forest fire. During the 20th century, the region experienced a warming of 0.8 °C. Using output from eight climate models, we project a further warming of 0.5–2.5 °C (central estimate 1.5 °C) by the 2020s, 1.5–3.2°C (2.3 °C) by the 2040s, and an increase in precipitation except in summer. The foremost impact of a warming climate will be the reduction of regional snowpack, which presently supplies water for ecosystems and human uses during the dry summers. Our understanding of past climate also illustrates the responses of human management systems to climatic stresses, and suggests that a warming of the rate projected would pose significant challenges to the management of natural resources. Resource managers and planners currently have few plans for adapting to or mitigating the ecological and economic effects of climatic change.

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Author notes

  1. William S. Keeton

    Present address: School of Natural Resources, University of Vermont, U.S.A

  2. David W. Peterson

    Present address: Forest Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, Wenatchee, WA, U.S.A

Authors and Affiliations

  1. JISAO/SMA Climate Impacts Group, University of Washington, Box 354235, Seattle, WA, 98195, U.S.A.

    Philip W. Mote, Alan F. Hamlet, Dennis Lettenmaier, Nathan Mantua, Edward L. Miles, David L. Peterson & Amy K. Snover

  2. John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, U.S.A

    Edward A. Parson

  3. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UW, U.S.A.

    Alan F. Hamlet & Dennis Lettenmaier

  4. Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, U.S.A.

    David L. Peterson

  5. Richard Slaughter Associates, Boise, Idaho, U.S.A

    Richard Slaughter

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  1. Philip W. Mote
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Mote, P.W., Parson, E.A., Hamlet, A.F. et al. Preparing for Climatic Change: The Water, Salmon, and Forests of the Pacific Northwest. Climatic Change 61, 45–88 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026302914358

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