Analysis and model of the crack bridging mechanisms in a ductile fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite

Abstract

The force resisting the opening of a crack in a brittle matrix composite that is bridged by ductile fibers was studied (Acta Mater. 46(18) (1998) 6381; Acta Mater. 45(9) (1997) 3609). to gain a generic understanding of the crack-bridging process by ductile reinforcements. The matrix was alumina, initially containing a parallel array of fine cylindrical holes. Molten Al was cast into the holes to produce the fibers in situ. A crack was gently introduced to traverse the specimen. The matrix halves were pulled apart in a controlled manner to open the crack. The resisting force increased proportionally to the crack opening over a wide range until a force plateau was reached. Thereafter the force diminished very gradually until failure intervened. Analysis of this counter-intuitive behavior indicated that the excellent adhesion between the fiber and the matrix in combination with the large thermal expansion mismatch must have led to extensive but spotty debonding already from the start of the start of the crack opening. In spite of the well-known ductility of the fibers, the bridging showed quasi-elastic behavior over much of the crack opening. Necking appeared to be suppressed until the separation approached failure. Detailed modeling is offered to provide interpretation of this observed behavior.