Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Protostellar Winds and Chondritic Meteorites

  • Published:
Space Science Reviews Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We discuss the interaction between the magnetosphere of a young star and its surrounding accretion disk. We consider how an X-wind can be driven magnetocentrifugally from the inner edge of the disk where accreting gas is diverted onto stellar field lines either to flow onto the Sun or to be flung outwards with the wind. The X-wind satisfies many observational tests concerning optical jets, Herbig-Haro objects, and molecular outflows. Connections may exist between primitive solar system materials and X-winds. Chondrules and calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) experienced short melting events uncharacteristic of the asteroid belt where meteorites originate. The inner edge of the solar nebula has the shortest orbital timescale available to the system, a few days. Protosolar flares introduce another timescale, tens of minutes to hours. CAIs may form when solids are lifted from shaded portions of the disk close to the Sun and are exposed to its intense light for a day or so before they are flung by the X-wind to much larger distances. Chondrules were melted, perhaps many times, by flares at larger distances from the Sun before being launched and annealed, but not remelted, in the X-wind. Aerodynamic sorting explains the narrow range of sizes with which CAIs and chondrules are found in chondritic meteorites. Flare-generated cosmic-rays may induce spallation reactions that produce some of the short-lived radioactivities associated with primitive solar system rocks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adams, F.C., Lada, C. J., and Shu, F.H.: 1987, 'Spectral Evolution of Young Stellar Objects', Astrophys. J. 312, 788–806.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bally, J., and Lada, C. J.: 1983, 'The High-velocity Molecular Flows Near Young Stellar Objects', Astrophys. J. 265, 824–847.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bieging, J.H., Cohen, M., and Schwartz, P.R.: 1984, 'VLA Observations of T Tauri Stars. II-A Luminosity-limited Survey of Taurus-Auriga', Astrophys. J. 282, 699–708.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bischoff, A., and Keil, K.: 1984, 'Al-rich Objects in Ordinary Chondrites – Related Origin of Carbonaceous and Ordinary Chondrites and Their Constituents', Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 48, 693–709.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Blandford, R.D.: 1976, 'Accretion Disk Electrodynamics – A Model for Double Radio Sources', Mon. Not. Roc. Astro. Soc. 176, 465–481.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Blandford, R.D., and Payne, D.G.: 1982, 'Hydromagnetic Flows From Accretion Disks and the Production of Radio Jets', Mon. Not. Roc. Astro. Soc. 199, 883–903.

    MATH  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bok, B. J.: 1978, 'Star Formation in or Very Close to a Southern Globule', Pub. Astron. Soc. Pac. 90, 489–490.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bührke, T., Mundt, R., Ray, T. P.: 1988, 'A Detailed Study of HH 34 and its Associated Jet', Astron. Astrophys. 200, 99–119.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Cabrit, S., Bertout, C.: 1992, 'CO Line Formation in Bipolar Flows – III. The Energetics of Molecular Flows and Ionized Winds', Astron. Astrophys. 261, 274–284.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Clayton, D.D., and Jin, L.: 1995, 'Gamma Rays, Cosmic Rays, and Extinct Radioactivity in Molecular Clouds', Astrophys. J. 451, 681–699.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Cudworth, K.M., and Herbig, G.H.: 1979, 'Two Large-proper-motion Herbig-Haro Objects', Astron. J. 84, 548–551.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, S., and Snell, R. L.: 1982, 'A Search for High-velocity Molecular Gas Around T Tauri Stars', Astrophys. J. 261, 151–160.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukui, Y., Iwata, T., Mizuno, A., Bally, J., and Lane, A.P.: 1993, 'Molecular Outflows', in E.H. Levy and J.I. Lunine (eds.), Protostars and Planets III, Univ.Arizona Press (UAP), Tucson, pp. 603–639.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giovanardi, C., Lizano, S., Natta, A., Evans, N. J. II, and Heiles, C.: 1992, 'Neutral Winds From Protostars', Astrophys. J. 397, 214–224.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh, P., and Lamb, F.K.: 1979a, 'Accretion by Rotating Magnetic Neutron Stars. II-Radial and Vertical Structure of the Transition Zone in Disk Accretion', Astrophys. J. 232, 259–276.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh, P., and Lamb, F.K.: 1979b, 'Accretion by Rotating Magnetic Neutron Stars. III-Accretion Torques and Period Changes in Pulsating X-ray Sources', Astrophys. J. 234, 296–316.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh, P., Pethick, C. J., and Lamb, F.K.: 1976, Astrophys. J. 217, 578.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Glassgold, A.E., Feigelson, E.D., and Montmerle, T.: 2000, 'Effects of Energetic Radiation in YSOs', in V. Mannings, A.P. Boss, and S.S. Russell (eds.), Protostars and Planets IV, UAP, in press.

  • Haro, G. 1952, Astrophys. J., 115., 572.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Haro, G. 1953, Astrophys. J. 117, 73.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi, M.R., Shibata, K., and Matsumoto, R.: 1996, 'X-Ray Flares and Mass Outflows Driven by Magnetic Interaction Between a Protostar and Its Surrounding Disk', Astrophys. J. 468, L37–L40.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Herbig, G.H.: 1950, Astrophys. J. 111, 11.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Herbig, G.H.: 1951, Astrophys. J. 113, 697.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Königl, A., and Pudritz, R. E.: 2000, 'DiskWinds and the Accretion-Outflow Connection', in V. Mannings, A. P. Boss, and S. S. Russell, Protostars and Planets IV, UAP, in press.

  • Knapp, G.R., Kuiper, T.B.H., Knapp, S.L., and Brown, R. L. 1976, 'CO Observations of NGC 1579 /S222/ and S239', Astrophys. J. 206, 443–451.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Krot, A.N., Weber, D., Greshake, A., Ulyanov, A.A., MCKeegan, K.D., Hutcheon, I., Sahijpal, S., and Keil, K.: 1999, 'Relic Ca,Al-rich Inclusions in Chondrules From the Carbonaceous Chondrites ACFER 182 and ACFER 094', Lunar and Planetary Sci. Conf. 30, # 1511 (abstract).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lada, C. J.: 1985, 'Cold Outflows, Energetic Winds, and Enigmatic Jets Around Young Stellar Objects', Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 23, 267–317.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, T., Shu, F.H., Shang, H., Glassgold, A. E., and Rehm, K. E.: 1998, 'Protostellar Cosmic Rays and Extinct Radioactivities in Meteorites', Astrophys. J. 506, 898–912.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Linker, J.A., and Mikić, Z.: 1995, 'Disruption of a Helmet Streamer by Photospheric Shear', Astrophys. J. 438, L45–L48.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lizano, S., Heiles, C., Rodriguez, L. F., Koo, B.-C., Shu, F.H., Hasegawa, T., Hayashi, S., Mirabel, I. F.: 1988, 'Neutral Stellar Winds that Drive Bipolar Outflows in Low-mass Protostars', Astrophys. J. 328., 763–776.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lovelace, R.V. E.: 1976, 'Dynamo Model of Double Radio Sources', Nature 262., 649–652.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Margulis, M., and Lada, C. J.: 1985, 'Masses and Energetics of High-Velocity Molecular Outflows', Astrophys. J. 299, 925–938.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Maruyama, S., Yurimoto, H., and Sueno, S.: 1999, 'Spinel-Bearing Chondrules in the Allende Meteorite', Meteoritics and Planet. Sci. 32, A98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mestel, L.: 1968, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 138, 359.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, M. R., Calvet, N., and Hillenbrand, L. A.: 1997, 'Intrinsic Near-Infrared Excesses of T Tauri Stars: Understanding the Classical T Tauri Star Locus', Astron. J. 114., 288–300.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Misawa, K., and Fujita, T.: 1994, 'A Relict Refractory Inclusion in a Ferromagnesian Chondrule From the Allende Meteorite', Nature 368, 723–726.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mundt, R., and Fried, J.W.: 1983, 'Jets From Young Stars', Astrophys. J., 274., L83.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mundt, R., Bührke, T., Fried, J.W., Neckel, T., Sarcander, M., and Stocke, J.: 1984, 'Jets From Young Stars III. TheCase ofHaro 6-5B,HH33/40,HH19, and 1548C27', Astron. Astrophys. 140, 17–23.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mundt, R., Brugel, E. W., and Bührke, T.: 1987, 'Jets From Young Stars-CCD Imaging, Long-slit Spectroscopy, and Interpretation of Existing Data', Astrophys. J. 319, 275–303.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Najita, J.R., and Shu, F. H.: 1994, 'Magnetocentrifugally Driven Flows From Young Stars and Disks. 3: Numerical Solution of the Sub-Alfvenic Region', Astrophys. J. 429, 808–825.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ostriker, E.C., and Shu, F.H.: 1995, 'Magnetocentrifugally Driven Flows From Young Stars and Disks. IV. The Accretion Funnel and Dead Zone', Astrophys. J. 447, 813–828.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Poetzel, R., Mundt, R., and Ray, T. P.: 1989, 'Z CMa – A Large-scale High Velocity Bipolar Outflow Traced by Herbig-Haro Objects and a Jet', Astron. Astrophys., 224, L13–L16.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Reipurth, B.:1989, 'The HH111 Jet and Multiple OutflowEpisodes FromYoung Stars', Nature 340, 42.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez, L. F., Lizano, S., Cantó, J., Escalante, V., and Mirabel, I. F.: 1990, 'VLA Observations of High-velocity H I Associated With the Herbig-Haro Objects 7-11', Astrophys. J. 365, 261–268.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez, L. F., Moran, J.M., and Ho, P.T.P. 1980, 'Anisotropic Mass Outflow in Cepheus A', Astrophys. J. 240, L149–L152.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, I., and Temerin, M.: 1997, 'Enrichment of 3He and Heavy Ions in Impulsive Solar Flares', Astrophys. J. 477, 940–957.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz, A., Alonso, J. L., and Mirabel, I. F.: 1992, 'Possible Detection of a High-velocity NeutralWind in T Tauri', Astrophys. J. 394, L57–L59.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, R.W., and Kearsley, A. T.: 1999, Meteoritics and Planet. Sci. 34, Suppl., A99.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shang, H., and Shu, F.H.: 1999, Astrophys. J., in preparation.

  • Shang, H., Shu, F.H., and Glassgold, A. E.: 1998, 'Synthetic Images and Long-slit Spectra of Protostellar Jets', Astrophys. J. 493, L91–L94.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shu, F.H.: 1995, in C. Yuan and J. You (eds.), Molecular Clouds and Star Formation, World Scientific, Singapor, p. 97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shu, F.H., Adams, F.C., and Lizano, S.: 1987, 'Star Formation in Molecular Clouds – Observation and Theory', Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 25, 23–81.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shu, F., Najita, J., Ostriker, E., Wilkin, F., Ruden, S., and Lizano, S. 1994a, 'Magnetocentrifugally Driven Flows FromYoung Stars and Disks. 1:AGeneralized Model', Astrophys. J. 429, 781–796.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shu, F.H., Najita, J., Ruden, S., and Lizano, S. 1994b, 'Magnetocentrifugally Driven Flows From Young Stars andDisks. 2: Formulation of theDynamical Problem', Astrophys. J., 429, 797–807.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shu, F. H., Najita, J., Ostriker, E., and Shang, H.: 1995, 'Magnetocentrifugally Driven Flows from Young Stars and Disks. V. Asymptotic Collimation into Jets', Astrophys. J. 455, L155–L158.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shu, F.H., Shang, H., and Lee, T.: 1996, 'Toward an Astrophysical Theory of Chondrites', Science 271, 1545–1552.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shu, F.H., Shang, H., Glassgold, A. E., and Lee, T.: 1997, 'X-rays and Fluctuating X-winds From Protostars', Science 277, 1475–1479.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shu, F.H., Allen, A., Shang, H., Ostriker, E.C., and Li, Z.-H.: 1999, in C. J. Lada, NATO-ASIProc.

  • Shu, F. H., Najita, J., Shang, H., and Li, Z.-H.: 2000, 'X-winds: Theory and Observations', in V. Mannings, A. P. Boss, and S. S. Russell, Protostars and Planets IV, UAP, in press.

  • Snell, R.L., Loren, R.B., and Plambeck, R. L.: 1980, 'Observations of CO in L1551-Evidence for Stellar Wind Driven Shocks', Astrophys. J. 239, L17–L22.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Strom, S., Grasdalen, G. L., and Strom, K.M.: 1974, 'Infrared and Optical Observations of Herbig-Haro objects', Astrophys. J. 191, 111–142.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Stocke, J. T., Hartigan, P.M., Strom, S. E., Strom, K.M., Anderson, E.R., Hartmann, L.W., and Kenyon, S. J.: 1988, 'A Detailed Study of the LYNDS 1551 Star Formation Region', Astrophys. J. Suppl. 68, 229–255.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugiura, N., and Strangway, D.W.: 1988, 'Magnetic Studies of Meteorites', in J. F. Kerridge and M. S. Matthews (eds.), Meteorites and the Early Solar System, UAP, pp. 595–615.

  • Srinivasan, G., and Bischoff, A.: 1998, 'Magnesium-Aluminum Study of Hibonites Within a Chondrule-like Object from Sharps (H3)', Meteoritics and Planet. Sci. 32, A148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Temerin, M., and Roth, I.: 1992, 'The Production of He-3 and Heavy Ion Enrichment in He-3-rich Flares by Electromagnetic Hydrogen Cyclotron Waves', Astrophys. J. 391, L105–L108.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Vanhala, H.A., and Goswami, J.N.: 2000, 'Extinct Radionuclides and the Origin of the Solar System', in V. Mannings, A.P. Boss, and S.S. Russell, Protostars and Planets IV, UAP, in press.

  • Weidenschilling, S. J., and Cuzzi, J.N.: 1993, 'Formation of Planetesimals in the Solar Nebula', in E.H. Levy and J. I. Lunine (eds.), Protostars and Planets III, UAP, pp. 1031–1060.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3411, USA

    Hsien Shang & Frank H. Shu

  2. Institutes of Earth Sciences and Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 115, TAIWAN

    Typhoon Lee

  3. Physics Department, New York University, New York, NY, 10003

    Alfred E. Glassgold

Authors
  1. Hsien Shang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Frank H. Shu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Typhoon Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Alfred E. Glassgold
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Shang, H., Shu, F.H., Lee, T. et al. Protostellar Winds and Chondritic Meteorites. Space Science Reviews 92, 153–176 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005234909848

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005234909848

Search

Navigation