Skip to main content
Log in

Phase (Liquid/Solid) Dependence of the Normal Spectral Emissivity for Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel at Melting Points

  • Published:
International Journal of Thermophysics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Normal spectral emissivities of liquid and solid Fe, Co, and Ni have been determined at their melting points at wavelengths from 650 to 800 nm and from 1000 to 1900 nm using an apparatus that consists of a cold crucible and diffraction grating spectroscopes. For all three metals, the emissivities of the liquid phases are slightly larger than those of the solid phases both in the visible and near-infrared regions. For iron, the near-infrared emissivities decreased progressively with each additional measurement series and settled down after three series. A possible explanation to this behavior is offered. The present results for iron were assessed by comparisons with previously reported results and with predictions based upon the Hagen–Rubens relation for the ratio of the emissivity of the liquid to that of the solid (ε Liquid/ε Solid). The measured emissivities for all three metals are in good agreement with previous results at and near the melting point. The results for ε Liquid/ε Solid in the near-infrared region demonstrate that the phase (liquid/solid) dependence of the infrared emissivity is consistent with that of the dc resistivity for all the metals at their melting points.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. C. C. Bidwell, Phys. Rev. 3:439(1914).

    Google Scholar 

  2. G. K. Burgess and R. G. Waltenberg, Bull. Bur. Stand. 11:591(1915).

    Google Scholar 

  3. M. N. Dastur and N. A. Gokcen, AIME Trans. 185:665(1949).

    Google Scholar 

  4. J. C. d'Entremont, Trans. AIME 227:482(1963).

    Google Scholar 

  5. J. C. Miller, Phil. Mag. 20:1115(1969).

    Google Scholar 

  6. J. A. Treverton and J. L. Margrave, J. Chem. Thermodyn. 3:473(1971).

    Google Scholar 

  7. D. W. Bonnell, J. A. Treverton, A. J. Valerga, and J. L. Margrave, in Temperature, Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry, Vol. 4, Part 1, H. H. Plumb, ed. (Instrument Society of America, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, 1972), pp. 483-487.

    Google Scholar 

  8. K. M. Shvarev, V. S. Gushchin, and B. A. Baum, Teplofiz. Vys. Temp. 16:520(1977).

    Google Scholar 

  9. P. Ratanapupech and R. G. Bautista, High Temp. Sci. 14:269(1981).

    Google Scholar 

  10. E. Kaschnitz, J. L. McClure, and A. Cezairliyan, High Temp., High Press. 29:103(1997).

    Google Scholar 

  11. S. Krishnan, K. J. Yugawa, and P. C. Nordine, Phys. Rev. B 55:8201(1997).

    Google Scholar 

  12. L. S. Dubrovinsky and S. K. Saxena, High Temp., High Press. 31:393(1999).

    Google Scholar 

  13. J. A. Treverton and J. L. Margrave, J. Phys. Chem. 75:3737(1971).

    Google Scholar 

  14. A. Cezairliyan, A. P. Miiller, F. Righini, and A. Rosso, High Temp., High Press. 23:325(1991).

    Google Scholar 

  15. A. Cezairliyan and J. L. McClure (unpublished data, which are referenced in Ref. 11).

  16. H. Watanabe, M. Susa, and K. Nagata, Metall. Mater. Trans. A. 28:2507(1997).

    Google Scholar 

  17. H. Watanabe, M. Susa, H. Fukuyama, and K. Nagata, Int. J. Thermophys. 24:223(2003).

    Google Scholar 

  18. H. Watanabe, M. Susa, H. Fukuyama, and K. Nagata, submitted to Int. J. Thermophys.

  19. H. Watanabe, M. Susa, H. Fukuyama, and K. Nagata, High Temp., High Press. 31:587(1999).

    Google Scholar 

  20. F. D. Richardson and J. H. E. Jeffes, J. Iron Steel Inst. 160:261(1948).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Y. S. Touloukian and D. P. DeWitt, eds., Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 8 (IFI/Plenum, New York, 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  22. H.-J. GÜntherodt, E. Hauser, H. U. KÜnzi, and R. MÜller, Phys. Lett. A 54:291(1971).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Watanabe, H., Susa, M., Fukuyama, H. et al. Phase (Liquid/Solid) Dependence of the Normal Spectral Emissivity for Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel at Melting Points. International Journal of Thermophysics 24, 473–488 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022924105951

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022924105951

Navigation